Bibliometric analysis of the research status of ocular Toxocariasis from 1993 to 2024_Chinese Journal of Ocular Fundus Diseases

Authors：

Xu Qing , Zhu Hongyu , Gong Chaoju , Qiao Lei ,  Li Suyan

The Affiliated Xuzhou Municipal Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou First People’s Hospital, Xuzhou Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Institute, Xuzhou 221116, China;

Corresponding?author：

Li Suyan, Email: lisuyan1226@126.com

Keywords：

Ocular toxocariasis; Bibliometrics; Visual analysis; Research hotspot

DOI：

10.3760/cma.j.cn511434-20250402-00144

Video：

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Objective To summarize the research status, hotspots, and development trends of ocular toxocariasis (OT) from 1993 to 2024. Methods The literature related to OT included in the Web of Science Core Collection dataset from 1993 to 2024 was retrieved and screened. The bibliometric softwares, VOSviewer and CiteSpace were applied to visually analyze the annual publication volume, countries, institutions, core authors, journal distribution, co-cited references, and keyword clustering. Results A total of 279 articles were included. There was an overall fluctuating upward trend of annual publications from 1993 to 2024, with the highest number of publications in 2020 (24 articles, accounting for 8.60%). There was an increasing trend in the frequency of citations to relevant literature. Authors from the United States had the highest number of publications (50 articles, 17.92%). Among institutions, Tokyo Medical and Dental University had the most published articles (11 articles, 3.94%). Among authors, professor Ding Xiaoyan from Zhongshan Eye Center at Sun Yat-sen University is the author with the most published papers (6 articles, 2.15%). Among journals, Ocul Immunol Inflamm had the highest number of published articles (21 articles, 7.53%). Highly cited references showed a significant clustering tendency, which were epidemiology, clinical characteristics and treatment, and immunological diagnosis. Keyword co-occurrence analysis showed that clinical features, serological diagnosis, epidemiology, immunodiagnosis, granuloma and treatment were high-frequency keywords. Timeline view map showed that the 9 clusters could be divided into 3 categories: epidemiological investigation including risk factors and seroprevalence (#0), clinical research including clinical features and treatment modalities (#1, #2, #3, # 6, #7), immunological detection and laboratory examination (#3, #5, #8). The keywords bursts analysis showed that the trend of research hot topics of OT had shifted from the initial study of animal experiments and immunological detection to the subsequent study of risk factor, and then to clinical characteristics studies combined with multimodal imaging technology. Conclusions Over the past three decades, the number of publications on OT research has shown an increasing trend and the research hotspots have mainly focused on epidemiology, immunological detection and clinical features. The multimodal imaging diagnosis technology based on clinical features and the treatment strategy based on pathogenesis remain crucial directions for future research.

Citation： Xu Qing, Zhu Hongyu, Gong Chaoju, Qiao Lei, Li Suyan. Bibliometric analysis of the research status of ocular Toxocariasis from 1993 to 2024. Chinese Journal of Ocular Fundus Diseases, 2025, 41(12): 950-960. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn511434-20250402-00144 Copy

1.	Zhang T, Guo D, Xu G, et al. Ocular toxocariasis: long-term follow-up and prognosis of patients following vitrectomy[J]. Ocul Immunol Inflamm, 2020, 28(3): 517-523. DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2019.1597897.
2.	Guo X, Liu H, Li M, et al. Multimodality image analysis in a cohort of patients with atypical juvenile ocular toxocariasis[J/OL]. J Ophthalmol, 2021, 2021: 4853531[2021-02-11]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33628474/. DOI: 10.1155/2021/4853531.
3.	Huang L, Sun L, Liu C, et al. Diagnosis of ocular toxocariasis by serum and aqueous humor IgG ELISA[J/OL]. Transl Vis Sci Technol, 2021, 10(8): 33[2021-07-01]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34323951/. DOI: 10.1167/tvst.10.8.33.
4.	柴小焱, 張雨林, 楊宇航, 等. 2014年至2023年家族性滲出性玻璃體視網膜病變研究熱點及趨勢的文獻計量學分析[J]. 中華眼底病雜志, 2024, 40(9): 713-719. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn511434-20240515-00197.Chai XY, Zhang YL, Yang YH, et al. Bibliometric analysis of research hotspots and trends in familial exudative vitreoretinopathy from 2014 to 2023[J]. Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2024, 40(9): 713-719. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn511434-20240515-00197.
5.	Chen C, Song M. Visualizing a field of research: a methodology of systematic scientometric reviews[J/OL]. PLoS One, 2019, 14(10): e0223994[2019-10-31]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31671124/. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223994.
6.	Li S, Sun L, Liu C, et al. Clinical features of ocular toxocariasis: a comparison between ultra-wide-field and conventional camera imaging[J]. Eye, 2021, 35(10): 2855-2863. DOI: 10.1038/s41433-020-01332-w.
7.	Jiang Z, Sun L, Huang L, et al. Noninvasive diagnostic strategy of ocular toxocariasis based on clinical features[J]. Retina, 2022, 42(5): 934-941. DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000003388.
8.	Sun L, Huang L, Li S, et al. Safety and effectiveness of intravitreal dexamethasone implant in patients with ocular toxocariasis[J]. Br J Ophthalmol, 2024, 108(2): 238-243. DOI: 10.1136/bjo-2022-322244.
9.	Jiang Z, Sun L, Ding X, et al. Cytokine profile in aqueous humor of patients with ocular toxocariasis[J/OL]. Front Med, 2022, 9: 869976[2022-05-13]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35646978/. DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.869976.
10.	Zheng S, Sun L, Huang L, et al. Toxocara canis infection in multiple types of animals: ophthalmological and pathological observations[J/OL]. Parasit Vectors, 2024, 17(1): 85[2024-02-23]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38395932/. DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-06070-y.
11.	Zibaei M, Sadjjadi SM, Karamian M, et al. A comparative histopathology, serology and molecular study, on experimental ocular toxocariasis by toxocara cati in mongolian gerbils and Wistar rats[J/OL]. Biomed Res Int, 2013, 2013: 109580[2013-08-29]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24069585/. DOI: 10.1155/2013/109580.
12.	Yoshida M, Shirao Y, Asai H, et al. A retrospective study of ocular toxocariasis in Japan: correlation with antibody prevalence and ophthalmological findings of patients with uveitis[J]. J Helminthol, 1999, 73(4): 357-361. DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x99000608.
13.	Bae KW, Ahn SJ, Park KH, et al. Diagnostic value of the serum anti-toxocara IgG titer for ocular toxocariasis in patients with uveitis at a tertiary hospital in Korea[J]. Korean J Ophthalmol, 2016, 30(4): 258-264. DOI: 10.3341/kjo.2016.30.4.258.
14.	Wang ZJ, Zhou M, Cao WJ, et al. Evaluation of the Goldmann-Witmer coefficient in the immunological diagnosis of ocular toxocariasis[J]. Acta Trop, 2016, 158: 20-23. DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.02.013.
15.	Jin Y, Shen C, Huh S, et al. Serodiagnosis of toxocariasis by ELISA using crude antigen of toxocara canis larvae[J]. Korean J Parasitol, 2013, 51(4): 433-439. DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2013.51.4.433.
16.	Abd El-Aal NF, Basha MAA, Eid AM. New insight into the diagnostic cut-off value of serum anti-toxocara IgG for ocular toxocariasis in uveitis patients[J/OL]. J Helminthol, 2018, 94: e12[2018-11-20]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30457059/. DOI: 10.1017/S0022149X18000895.
17.	Yokoi K, Goto H, Sakai J, et al. Clinical features of ocular toxocariasis in Japan[J]. Ocul Immunol Inflamm, 2003, 11(4): 269-275. DOI: 10.1076/ocii.11.4.269.18266.
18.	de Visser L, Rothova A, de Boer JH, et al. Diagnosis of ocular toxocariasis by establishing intraocular antibody production[J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 2008, 145(2): 369-374. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2007.09.020.
19.	Daoudi C, Laghmari M, Naciri K, et al. Ocular toxocariasis: report of two cases and review of the literature[J/OL]. Pan Afr Med J, 2014, 17: 71[2014-01-30]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25018821/. DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2014.17.71.3823.
20.	Inchauspe S, Echandi LV, Dodds EM. Diagnosis of ocular toxocariasis by detecting antibodies in the vitreous humor[J]. Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol, 2018, 93(5): 220-224. DOI: 10.1016/j.oftal.2017.11.012.
21.	徐青, 宮朝舉, 楊瀟, 等. 血清犬弓蛔蟲特異性免疫球蛋白G抗體對眼弓蛔蟲病的診斷價值[J]. 中華眼底病雜志, 2024, 40(5): 366-371. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn511434-20240104-00002.Xu Q, Gong CJ, Yang X, et al. The diagnostic value of serum anti-toxocara immunoglobulin G in ocular toxocariasis patients[J]. Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2024, 40(5): 366-371. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn511434-20240104-00002.
22.	Liu Y, Zhang Q, Li J, et al. Clinical characteristics of pediatric patients with ocular toxocariasis in China[J]. Ophthalmologica, 2016, 235(2): 97-105. DOI: 10.1159/000443215.
23.	Hu XF, Feng J, Kang H, et al. Clinical characteristics of ocular toxocariasis in adults in north China[J]. Int J Ophthalmol, 2022, 15(3): 401-406. DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2022.03.05.
24.	Xu Q, Gong C, Yang X, et al. The consistency of anti-toxocara IgG between the aqueous humor and vitreous of patients with clinically suspected ocular toxocariasis[J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 2024, 267: 90-99. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2024.05.035.
25.	Takayanagi TH, Akao N, Suzuki R, et al. New animal model for human ocular toxocariasis: ophthalmoscopic observation[J]. Br J Ophthalmol, 1999, 83(8): 967-972. DOI: 10.1136/bjo.83.8.967.
26.	Fenoy S, Ollero MD, Guillén JL, et al. Animal models in ocular toxocariasis[J]. J Helminthol, 2001, 75(2): 119-124. DOI: 10.1079/JOH200172.
27.	Ollero MD, Fenoy S, Cuéllar C, et al. Experimental toxocariosis in BALB/c mice: effect of the inoculation dose on brain and eye involvement[J]. Acta Trop, 2008, 105(2): 124-130. DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2007.11.001.
28.	Kim MS, Jin Y, Woo SJ. Organ-specific toxocara canis larvae migration and host immune response in experimentally infected mice[J]. Parasites Hosts Dis, 2024, 62(2): 243-250. DOI: 10.3347/PHD.23125.
29.	Kolbeková P, Větvi?ka D, Svoboda J, et al. Toxocara canis larvae reinfecting BALB/c mice exhibit accelerated speed of migration to the host CNS[J]. Parasitol Res, 2011, 109(5): 1267-1278. DOI: 10.1007/s00436-011-2371-y.
30.	Stangogiannis DE, Marval H, de Moreno MM, et al. Experimental ocular larva migrans infection in mice[J]. Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol, 2007, 82(2): 89-93. DOI: 10.4321/s0365-66912007000200006.
31.	Shyu LY, Chen KM, Lai SC. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in mice with ocular toxocariasis[J]. Parasitol Res, 2019, 118(2): 483-491. DOI: 10.1007/s00436-018-06196-4.

1. Zhang T, Guo D, Xu G, et al. Ocular toxocariasis: long-term follow-up and prognosis of patients following vitrectomy[J]. Ocul Immunol Inflamm, 2020, 28(3): 517-523. DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2019.1597897.
2. Guo X, Liu H, Li M, et al. Multimodality image analysis in a cohort of patients with atypical juvenile ocular toxocariasis[J/OL]. J Ophthalmol, 2021, 2021: 4853531[2021-02-11]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33628474/. DOI: 10.1155/2021/4853531.
3. Huang L, Sun L, Liu C, et al. Diagnosis of ocular toxocariasis by serum and aqueous humor IgG ELISA[J/OL]. Transl Vis Sci Technol, 2021, 10(8): 33[2021-07-01]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34323951/. DOI: 10.1167/tvst.10.8.33.
4. 柴小焱, 張雨林, 楊宇航, 等. 2014年至2023年家族性滲出性玻璃體視網膜病變研究熱點及趨勢的文獻計量學分析[J]. 中華眼底病雜志, 2024, 40(9): 713-719. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn511434-20240515-00197.Chai XY, Zhang YL, Yang YH, et al. Bibliometric analysis of research hotspots and trends in familial exudative vitreoretinopathy from 2014 to 2023[J]. Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2024, 40(9): 713-719. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn511434-20240515-00197.
5. Chen C, Song M. Visualizing a field of research: a methodology of systematic scientometric reviews[J/OL]. PLoS One, 2019, 14(10): e0223994[2019-10-31]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31671124/. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223994.
6. Li S, Sun L, Liu C, et al. Clinical features of ocular toxocariasis: a comparison between ultra-wide-field and conventional camera imaging[J]. Eye, 2021, 35(10): 2855-2863. DOI: 10.1038/s41433-020-01332-w.
7. Jiang Z, Sun L, Huang L, et al. Noninvasive diagnostic strategy of ocular toxocariasis based on clinical features[J]. Retina, 2022, 42(5): 934-941. DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000003388.
8. Sun L, Huang L, Li S, et al. Safety and effectiveness of intravitreal dexamethasone implant in patients with ocular toxocariasis[J]. Br J Ophthalmol, 2024, 108(2): 238-243. DOI: 10.1136/bjo-2022-322244.
9. Jiang Z, Sun L, Ding X, et al. Cytokine profile in aqueous humor of patients with ocular toxocariasis[J/OL]. Front Med, 2022, 9: 869976[2022-05-13]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35646978/. DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.869976.
10. Zheng S, Sun L, Huang L, et al. Toxocara canis infection in multiple types of animals: ophthalmological and pathological observations[J/OL]. Parasit Vectors, 2024, 17(1): 85[2024-02-23]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38395932/. DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-06070-y.
11. Zibaei M, Sadjjadi SM, Karamian M, et al. A comparative histopathology, serology and molecular study, on experimental ocular toxocariasis by toxocara cati in mongolian gerbils and Wistar rats[J/OL]. Biomed Res Int, 2013, 2013: 109580[2013-08-29]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24069585/. DOI: 10.1155/2013/109580.
12. Yoshida M, Shirao Y, Asai H, et al. A retrospective study of ocular toxocariasis in Japan: correlation with antibody prevalence and ophthalmological findings of patients with uveitis[J]. J Helminthol, 1999, 73(4): 357-361. DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x99000608.
13. Bae KW, Ahn SJ, Park KH, et al. Diagnostic value of the serum anti-toxocara IgG titer for ocular toxocariasis in patients with uveitis at a tertiary hospital in Korea[J]. Korean J Ophthalmol, 2016, 30(4): 258-264. DOI: 10.3341/kjo.2016.30.4.258.
14. Wang ZJ, Zhou M, Cao WJ, et al. Evaluation of the Goldmann-Witmer coefficient in the immunological diagnosis of ocular toxocariasis[J]. Acta Trop, 2016, 158: 20-23. DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.02.013.
15. Jin Y, Shen C, Huh S, et al. Serodiagnosis of toxocariasis by ELISA using crude antigen of toxocara canis larvae[J]. Korean J Parasitol, 2013, 51(4): 433-439. DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2013.51.4.433.
16. Abd El-Aal NF, Basha MAA, Eid AM. New insight into the diagnostic cut-off value of serum anti-toxocara IgG for ocular toxocariasis in uveitis patients[J/OL]. J Helminthol, 2018, 94: e12[2018-11-20]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30457059/. DOI: 10.1017/S0022149X18000895.
17. Yokoi K, Goto H, Sakai J, et al. Clinical features of ocular toxocariasis in Japan[J]. Ocul Immunol Inflamm, 2003, 11(4): 269-275. DOI: 10.1076/ocii.11.4.269.18266.
18. de Visser L, Rothova A, de Boer JH, et al. Diagnosis of ocular toxocariasis by establishing intraocular antibody production[J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 2008, 145(2): 369-374. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2007.09.020.
19. Daoudi C, Laghmari M, Naciri K, et al. Ocular toxocariasis: report of two cases and review of the literature[J/OL]. Pan Afr Med J, 2014, 17: 71[2014-01-30]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25018821/. DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2014.17.71.3823.
20. Inchauspe S, Echandi LV, Dodds EM. Diagnosis of ocular toxocariasis by detecting antibodies in the vitreous humor[J]. Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol, 2018, 93(5): 220-224. DOI: 10.1016/j.oftal.2017.11.012.
21. 徐青, 宮朝舉, 楊瀟, 等. 血清犬弓蛔蟲特異性免疫球蛋白G抗體對眼弓蛔蟲病的診斷價值[J]. 中華眼底病雜志, 2024, 40(5): 366-371. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn511434-20240104-00002.Xu Q, Gong CJ, Yang X, et al. The diagnostic value of serum anti-toxocara immunoglobulin G in ocular toxocariasis patients[J]. Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2024, 40(5): 366-371. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn511434-20240104-00002.
22. Liu Y, Zhang Q, Li J, et al. Clinical characteristics of pediatric patients with ocular toxocariasis in China[J]. Ophthalmologica, 2016, 235(2): 97-105. DOI: 10.1159/000443215.
23. Hu XF, Feng J, Kang H, et al. Clinical characteristics of ocular toxocariasis in adults in north China[J]. Int J Ophthalmol, 2022, 15(3): 401-406. DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2022.03.05.
24. Xu Q, Gong C, Yang X, et al. The consistency of anti-toxocara IgG between the aqueous humor and vitreous of patients with clinically suspected ocular toxocariasis[J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 2024, 267: 90-99. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2024.05.035.
25. Takayanagi TH, Akao N, Suzuki R, et al. New animal model for human ocular toxocariasis: ophthalmoscopic observation[J]. Br J Ophthalmol, 1999, 83(8): 967-972. DOI: 10.1136/bjo.83.8.967.
26. Fenoy S, Ollero MD, Guillén JL, et al. Animal models in ocular toxocariasis[J]. J Helminthol, 2001, 75(2): 119-124. DOI: 10.1079/JOH200172.
27. Ollero MD, Fenoy S, Cuéllar C, et al. Experimental toxocariosis in BALB/c mice: effect of the inoculation dose on brain and eye involvement[J]. Acta Trop, 2008, 105(2): 124-130. DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2007.11.001.
28. Kim MS, Jin Y, Woo SJ. Organ-specific toxocara canis larvae migration and host immune response in experimentally infected mice[J]. Parasites Hosts Dis, 2024, 62(2): 243-250. DOI: 10.3347/PHD.23125.
29. Kolbeková P, Větvi?ka D, Svoboda J, et al. Toxocara canis larvae reinfecting BALB/c mice exhibit accelerated speed of migration to the host CNS[J]. Parasitol Res, 2011, 109(5): 1267-1278. DOI: 10.1007/s00436-011-2371-y.
30. Stangogiannis DE, Marval H, de Moreno MM, et al. Experimental ocular larva migrans infection in mice[J]. Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol, 2007, 82(2): 89-93. DOI: 10.4321/s0365-66912007000200006.
31. Shyu LY, Chen KM, Lai SC. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in mice with ocular toxocariasis[J]. Parasitol Res, 2019, 118(2): 483-491. DOI: 10.1007/s00436-018-06196-4.

Chinese Journal of Ocular Fundus Diseases

Bibliometric analysis of the research status of ocular Toxocariasis from 1993 to 2024

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