Research progress on posterior scleral reinforcement materials_Chinese Journal of Ocular Fundus Diseases

Authors：

Zhou Yan ,  Dai Rongping

中國醫學科學院北京協和醫學院北京協和醫院眼科眼底病智能診斷及藥械研發與轉化北京市重點實驗室, 北京 100730;

Corresponding?author：

Dai Rongping, Email: derricka@sina.com

Keywords：

Posterior scleral reinforcement; Pathological myopia; Materials; Review

DOI：

10.3760/cma.j.cn511434-20251009-00430

Video：

Export PDF Favorites Scan Get Citation

Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Posterior Scleral Reinforcement is an important surgical procedure for the treatment of pathological myopia. Currently used reinforcement materials mainly include biological materials such as allogeneic sclera, dura mater, and bovine pericardial patches, as well as non-biological materials such as polytetrafluoroethylene and silicone rubber devices. Allogeneic sclera and dura mater, as the most commonly used materials, have well-established surgical techniques but face source limitations, restricting their widespread clinical application. Bovine pericardial patches have improved mechanical properties through cross-linking treatment; perinatal tissues (umbilical cord/amnion) possess anti-inflammatory and regenerative characteristics; and novel biological materials such as silk fibroin hydrogels show potential in animal experiments but have not yet entered clinical validation. Among non-biological materials, expanded polytetrafluoroethylene is notable for promoting tissue integration, while adjustable silicone rubber devices offer new options for complex cases. However, existing materials still have limitations in terms of availability, long-term efficacy, and complications. Except for modified bovine pericardial patches and adjustable silicone rubber devices that have entered the clinical trial stage, most new materials remain in experimental research. Future efforts should strengthen material modification and clinical translation research to address the increasingly severe challenges in pathological myopia treatment.

1.	國家衛生健康委辦公廳. 近視防治指南(2024年版)[J]. 眼科新進展, 2024, 44(8): 589-591. DOI: 10.13389/j.cnki.rao.2024.0113.Office of the National Health Commission. Guidelines for myopia prevention and treatment (2024 edition)[J]. Rec Adv Ophthalmol, 2024, 44(8): 589-591. DOI: 10.13389/j.cnki.rao.2024.0113.
2.	Huang W, Duan A, Qi Y. Posterior scleral reinforcement to prevent progression of high myopia[J]. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila), 2019, 8(5): 366-370. DOI: 10.1097/APO.0000000000000257.
3.	Shevelev MM. Operation against high myopia and sclera with aid of the transplantation of fascia lata on thinned sclera[J]. Russian Oftalmol, 1930, 1930: 107-110.
4.	包芳軍, 黃麗芳, 薛安全. 后鞏膜加固術的歷史與現狀[J]. 中華眼視光學與視覺科學雜志, 2016, 18(5): 310-313. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1674-845X.2016.05.014.Bao FJ, Huang LF, Xue AQ. The history and future perspective of posterior scleral reinforcement[J]. Chin J Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2016, 18(5): 310-313. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1674-845X.2016.05.014.
5.	Borley WE, Snyder AA. Surgical treatment of high myopia; the combined lamellar scleral resection with scleral reinforcement using donor eye[J]. Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol, 1958, 62(6): 791-801.
6.	Ward B, Tarutta EP, Mayer MJ. The efficacy and safety of posterior pole buckles in the control of progressive high myopia[J]. Eye (Lond), 2009, 23(12): 2169-2174. DOI: 10.1038/eye.2008.433.
7.	Xue A, Bao F, Zheng L, et al. Posterior scleral reinforcement on progressive high myopic young patients[J]. Optom Vis Sci, 2014, 91(4): 412-418. DOI: 10.1097/OPX.0000000000000201.
8.	Chen M, Dai J, Chu R, et al. The efficacy and safety of modified Snyder-Thompson posterior scleral reinforcement in extensive high myopia of Chinese children[J]. Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2013, 251(11): 2633-2638. DOI: 10.1007/s00417-013-2429-x.
9.	Qiao L, Zhang X, Jan C, et al. Macular retinal thickness and flow density change by optical coherence tomography angiography after posterior scleral reinforcement[J]. Sci China Life Sci, 2019, 62(7): 930-936. DOI: 10.1007/s11427-018-9484-6.
10.	Kang MT, Wang N, Xu W, et al. Long-term outcomes of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy with and without posterior scleral reinforcement on myopic maculopathy in myopic choroidal neovascularization eyes[J/OL]. BMC Ophthalmol, 2024, 24(1): 118[2024-03-13]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38481176/. DOI: 10.1186/s12886-024-03357-1.
11.	Zhu Z, Ji X, Zhang J, et al. Posterior scleral reinforcement in the treatment of macular retinoschisis in highly myopic patients[J]. Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2009, 37(7): 660-663. DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-9071.2009.02111.x.
12.	Li XJ, Yang XP, Li QM, et al. Posterior scleral reinforcement combined with vitrectomy for myopic foveoschisis[J]. Int J Ophthalmol, 2016, 9(2): 258-261. DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2016.02.14.
13.	Peng C, Xu J, Ding X, et al. Effects of posterior scleral reinforcement in pathological myopia: a 3-year follow-up study[J]. Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2019, 257(3): 607-617. DOI: 10.1007/s00417-018-04212-y.
14.	Miao Z, Li L, Meng X, et al. Modified posterior scleral reinforcement as a treatment for high myopia in children and its therapeutic effect[J/OL]. Biomed Res Int, 2019, 2019: 5185780[2019-01-22]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30805365/. DOI: 10.1155/2019/5185780.
15.	馮志貞, 李景恒, 楊雪艷, 等. 兩種實驗性兔鞏膜加固術的比較研究[J]. 中國實用眼科雜志, 2008, 26(2): 168-170. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1006-4443.2008.02.021.Feng ZZ, Li JH, Yang XY, et al. An experimental study on two different posterior scleral reinforcement in rabbits[J]. Chin J Pract Ophthalmol, 2008, 26(2): 168-170. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1006-4443.2008.02.021.
16.	江波, 黎春雷, 蘇多. 混合式后鞏膜加固術治療高度近視的遠期療效觀察[J]. 中國實用眼科雜志, 2005, 23(5): 467-469. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1006-4443.2005.05.006.Jiang B, Li CL, Su D. Long-term observation of curative effects of mixed posterior scleral reinforcement surgery in high myopia[J]. Chin J Pract Ophthalmol, 2005, 23(5): 467-469. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1006-4443.2005.05.006.
17.	Dong X, Liu J, Bu J. The efficacy of modified posterior scleral reinforcement with round scleral patches in Chinese children with high myopia[J]. Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2020, 258(7): 1543-1547. DOI: 10.1007/s00417-020-04646-3.
18.	Wang YH, Xin C, Li XX, et al. Posterior scleral reinforcement surgery effectively slows the rate of high myopic progression in children[J/OL]. J Fr Ophtalmol, 2024, 47(7): 104213[2024-05-23]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38788251/. DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2024.104213.
19.	Huang Y, Qi Y, Wei WB, et al. Long-term outcome of pathologic myopic foveoschisis treated with posterior scleral reinforcement followed by vitrectomy[J]. Int J Ophthalmol, 2022, 15(6): 975-982. DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2022.06.16.
20.	Zhu SQ, Zheng LY, Pan AP, et al. The efficacy and safety of posterior scleral reinforcement using genipin cross-linked sclera for macular detachment and retinoschisis in highly myopic eyes[J]. Br J Ophthalmol, 2016, 100(11): 1470-1475. DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2015-308087.
21.	Ji X, Wang J, Zhang J, et al. The effect of posterior scleral reinforcement for high myopia macular splitting[J]. J Int Med Res, 2011, 39(2): 662-666. DOI: 10.1177/147323001103900236.
22.	Curtin BJ, Whitmore WG. Long-term results of scleral reinforcement surgery[J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 1987, 103(4): 544-548. DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9394(14)74278-3.
23.	Mo J, Duan AL, Chan SY, et al. Application of optical coherence tomography angiography in assessment of posterior scleral reinforcement for pathologic myopia[J]. Int J Ophthalmol, 2016, 9(12): 1761-1765. DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2016.12.10.
24.	馬代金, 劉雙珍. 后鞏膜加固術作用機制的實驗研究[J]. 中國現代醫學雜志, 2004, 14(10): 96-97,101. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-8982.2004.10.028.Ma DJ, Liu SZ. Study on mechanism of posterior scleral reinforcement[J]. China Journal of Modern Medicine, 2004, 14(10): 96-97,101. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-8982.2004.10.028.
25.	Weiyi C, Wang X, Wang C, et al. An experimental study on collagen content and biomechanical properties of sclera after posterior sclera reinforcement[J]. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon), 2008, 23(Suppl 1): S17-20. DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2007.10.013.
26.	Yan Z, Wang C, Chen W, et al. Biomechanical considerations: evaluating scleral reinforcement materials for pathological myopia[J]. Can J Ophthalmol, 2010, 45(3): 252-255. DOI: 10.3129/i09-279.
27.	Xue A, Zheng L, Tan G, et al. Genipin-crosslinked donor sclera for posterior scleral contraction/reinforcement to fight progressive myopia[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2018, 59(8): 3564-3573. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.17-23707.
28.	Butiukova VA, Iurchenko NV. Use of the dura mater of human fetus for scleroplasty in progressive myopia[J]. Oftalmol Zh, 1977, 32(6): 429-431.
29.	蘭麗霞, 利佩茜, 葉波, 等. 應用異體硬腦膜行改良后鞏膜加固術治療病理性近視的臨床效果觀察[J]. 中國醫學創新, 2024, 21(20): 133-136. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2024.20.031.Lan LX, Li PX, Ye B, et al. Clinical observation of the effect of modified posterior sclera reinforcement using allogeneic dura meninge in the treatment of pathological myopia[J]. Medical Innovation of China, 2024, 21(20): 133-136. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2024.20.031.
30.	朱金玉. 后鞏膜加固術治療青少年高度近視的臨床療效[J]. 浙江臨床醫學, 2016, 18(6): 1086-1087.Zhu JY. Clinical efficacy of posterior scleral reinforcement surgery in the treatment of high myopia in adolescents[J]. Zhejiang Clinical Medical Journal, 2016, 18(6): 1086-1087.
31.	劉修鐸, 呂嘉華, 褚仁遠. 后鞏膜加固術治療高度近視眼的遠期臨床療效觀察[J]. 中華眼科雜志, 2011, 47(6): 527-530. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0412-4081.2011.06.010.Liu XD, Lyu JH, Chu RY. Long-term studies on clinical therapeutic efficiency of posterior scleral reinforcement surgery[J]. Chin J Ophthalmol, 2011, 47(6): 527-530. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0412-4081.2011.06.010.
32.	藺琪, 于剛, 崔燕輝, 等. 改良四片式后鞏膜加固術治療兒童進行性高度近視臨床研究[J]. 中國斜視與小兒眼科雜志, 2016, 24(3): 27-28. DOI: 10.3969/J.ISSN.1005-328X.2016.03.008.Lin Q, Yu G, Cui YH, et al. The Effect of modified posterior scleral reinforcement surgery on children progressive high myopia[J]. Chinese Journal of Strabismus & Pediatric Ophthalmology, 2016, 24(3): 27-28. DOI: 10.3969/J.ISSN.1005-328X.2016.03.008.
33.	歐陽朝祜, 褚仁遠, 趙梅, 等. 牛心包補片應用于后鞏膜加固術的早期安全性與生物相容性[J]. 中華眼視光學與視覺科學雜志, 2016, 18(5): 259-263. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1674-845X.2016.05.002.Ouyang CH, Chu RY, Zhao M, et al. Early safety and biological compatibility of a bovine pericardium patch for posterior scleral reinforcement[J]. Chin J Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2016, 18(5): 259-263. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1674-845X.2016.05.002.
34.	Ma J, Wu F, Liu Z, et al. Biomechanical considerations of patching material for posterior scleral reinforcement surgery[J/OL]. Front Med (Lausanne), 2022, 9: 888542[2022-05-16]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35652073/. DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.888542.
35.	Gao S, Liu Y, Ma S, et al. Clinical observation of posterior scleral reinforcement in the treatment of progressive high myopia in Chinese children: a retrospective study[J/OL]. BMC Ophthalmol, 2022, 22(1): 147[2022-04-01]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35365102/. DOI: 10.1186/s12886-022-02375-1.
36.	Hedergott A, Pink-Theofylaktopoulos U, Neugebauer A, et al. Tendon elongation with bovine pericardium in strabismus surgery-indications beyond Graefe' orbitopathy[J]. Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2021, 259(1): 145-155. DOI: 10.1007/s00417-020-04939-7.
37.	Alio JL, Rodriguez AE, Martinez LM. Bovine pericardium membrane (Tutopatch) combined with solid platelet-rich plasma for the management of perforated corneal ulcers[J]. Cornea, 2013, 32(5): 619-624. DOI: 10.1097/ICO.0b013e31825a6d9a.
38.	Hu H, Zhao G, Wu R, et al. Axial length/corneal radius of curvature ratio assessment of posterior sclera reinforcement for pathologic myopia[J]. Ophthalmologica, 2018, 239(2-3): 128-132. DOI: 10.1159/000484485.
39.	周希彬, 黃一飛, 吳志鴻, 等. 牛心包生物補片對后鞏膜加固區的生物力學特性及其作用機制[J]. 武警醫學, 2015, 26(6): 609-612. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-3594.2015.06.023.Zhou XB, Huang YF, Wu ZH, et al. Biomechanical properties of bovine pericardium in posterior sclera reinforcement operation[J]. Med J Chin PAPF, 2015, 26(6): 609-612. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-3594.2015.06.023.
40.	柳小軍, 李自紅, 郭文遠, 等. 京尼平改性牛心包眼鞏膜生物補片的結構表征及性能評價[J]. 中國組織工程研究, 2022, 26(34): 5430-5435.Liu XJ, Li ZH, Guo WY, et al. Structure characterization and performance evaluation of modified bovine pericardial scleral biological patch with genipin[J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2022, 26(34): 5430-5435.
41.	Zhang WF, Li BH, Liu ZB, et al. The feasibility and safety of biomaterials for posterior scleral reinforcement in rabbits[J/OL]. Biomed Mater, 2024, 19(5): 55027[2024-08-08]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39059433/. DOI: 10.1088/1748-605X/ad6826.
42.	Iumasheva AA, Belous VI, Lishchenko BM. Scleroplasty results in progressive myopathy with the use of allogeneic amnion[J]. Oftalmol Zh, 1989(6): 352-354.
43.	Za?kova MV, Molokova NF. Umbilical tissue transplantation in progressive myopia[J]. Vestn Oftalmol, 1991, 107(6): 18-21.
44.	王林農, 王勻, 陳力迅, 等. 胎兒臍帶置入鞏膜加固術治療進行性近視臨床觀察[J]. 江蘇醫藥, 1996, 22(3): 161-163. DOI: 10.19460/j.cnki.0253-3685.1996.03.008.Wang LN, Wang Y, Chen LX, et al. Clinical observation of fetal umbilical cord insertion for scleral reinforcement in the treatment of progressive myopia[J]. Jiangsu Medicine, 1996, 22(3): 161-163. DOI: 10.19460/j.cnki.0253-3685.1996.03.008.
45.	牛彤彤, 陶軍, 徐艷春, 等. 臍帶在高度近視眼后鞏膜加固術中的應用[J]. 國際眼科雜志, 2003, 3(2): 98-99. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-5123.2003.02.035.Niu TT, Tao J, Xu YC, et al. Umbilical cord in posterior scleral reinforcement in high myopia[J]. Int Eye Sci, 2003, 3(2): 98-99. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-5123.2003.02.035.
46.	關瑋麗, 段惠義. 后鞏膜加固術治療高度進行性近視的效果觀察[J]. 醫學研究雜志, 2008, 37(3): 128-130. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-548X.2008.03.053.Guan WL, Duan HY. The Long-term evaluation of scleral reinforcement surgery for high progressive myopia[J]. J Med Res, 2008, 37(3): 128-130. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-548X.2008.03.053.
47.	張小牛, 李世洋, 馬紅利. 胎兒臍帶在后鞏膜加固術中的應用觀察[J]. 國際眼科雜志, 2013, 13(1): 128-130. DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.1672-5123.2013.01.37.Zhang XN, Li SY, Ma HL. Application observation of fetal umbilical cord in posterior sclera reinforce-ment surgery[J]. Int Eye Sci, 2013, 13(1): 128-130. DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.1672-5123.2013.01.37.
48.	范麗英, 陶軍. 胎兒臍帶在后鞏膜加固術中的臨床應用[J]. 中國民康醫學, 2018, 30(4): 1-3. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-0369.2018.04.001.Fan LY, Tao J. Clinical application of posterior scleral reinforcement with fetal umbilical cord[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People's Health, 2018, 30(4): 1-3. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-0369.2018.04.001.
49.	馬代金, 劉雙珍. 胎兒臍帶后鞏膜加固術的實驗研究[J]. 眼科研究, 2004, 22(5): 502-504. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.2095-0160.2004.05.016.Ma DJ, Liu SZ. An experimental study on scleral reinforcement with umbilical cord[J]. Chin Ophthal Res, 2004, 22(5): 502-504. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.2095-0160.2004.05.016.
50.	馬代金, 劉雙珍. 兩種材料后鞏膜加固術后堿性成纖維細胞生長因子的表達[J]. 中國現代醫學雜志, 2005, 15(8): 1192-1193,1197. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-8982.2005.08.022.Ma DJ, Liu SZ. Differential expression of basic fibroblast growth factor after scleral reinforcement with various materials[J]. China Journal of Modern Medicine, 2005, 15(8): 1192-1193,1197. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-8982.2005.08.022.
51.	Crawford JS. Fascia lata: its nature and fate after implantation and its use in ophthalmic surgery[J]. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc, 1968, 66: 673-745.
52.	Curtin BJ. Surgical support of the posterior sclera. Part I. experimental results[J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 1960, 49: 1341-1350. DOI: 10.1016/0002-9394(60)91353-2.
53.	Nesterov AP, Libenson NB, Svirin AV. Early and late results of fascia lata transplantation in high myopia[J]. Br J Ophthalmol, 1976, 60(4): 271-272. DOI: 10.1136/bjo.60.4.271.
54.	Balázs K, Békési L, Berta A, et al. Scleral reinforcement in progressive myopia and intraoperative ultrasound control of the cadaver fascia lata strip[J]. Acta Chir Hung, 1997, 36(1-4): 14-15.
55.	宋國奇, 張振坡. 后鞏膜加固術治療高度近視療效觀察[J]. 中國社區醫師, 2008, 10(21): 124-124.Song GQ, Zhang ZP. Observation on the Therapeutic Effect of Posterior Scleral Reinforcement in the Treatment of High Myopia[J]. Chinese Community Physician, 2008, 10(21): 124-124.
56.	Jiang X, Wang Y, Qiu W, et al. Corneal stromal transplantation with human-derived acellular dermal matrix for pellucid marginal corneal degeneration: a nonrandomized clinical trial[J/OL]. Transplantation, 2019, 103(6): e172-e179[2019-06-01]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30801540/. DOI: 10.1097/TP.0000000000002681.
57.	McGrath LA, Hardy TG, McNab AA. Efficacy of porcine acellular dermal matrix in the management of lower eyelid retraction: case series and review of the literature[J]. Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2020, 258(9): 1999-2006. DOI: 10.1007/s00417-020-04660-5.
58.	王甜, 張金嵩. 異體脫細胞真皮基質后鞏膜加固術后組織相容性及bFGF表達的變化[J]. 眼科新進展, 2015, 35(10): 921-923. DOI: 10.13389/j.cnki.rao.2015.0251.Wang T, Zhang JS. Histocompatibility and expression of bFGF after posterior scleral reinforcement by using allogeneic acellular dermal matrix in rabbits[J]. Rec Adv Ophthalmol, 2015, 35(10): 921-923. DOI: 10.13389/j.cnki.rao.2015.0251.
59.	Ye H, Tang R, Fang W, et al. Clinical outcomes of posterior scleral reinforcement in Chinese high myopia children[J/OL]. Sci Rep, 2024, 14(1): 16479[2024-07-17]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39013945/. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67078-7.
60.	Xu Y, Chen Q, Shao Z, et al. Evaluation of new robust silk fibroin hydrogels for posterior scleral reinforcement in rabbits[J/OL]. Front Bioeng Biotechnol, 2023, 11: 1211688[2023-06-14]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37388765/. DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1211688.
61.	Hui J, Nie X, Wei P, et al. 3D printed fibroblast-loaded hydrogel for scleral remodeling to prevent the progression of myopia[J]. J Mater Chem B, 2024, 12(10): 2559-2570. DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02548a.
62.	?hrstr?m A, Stenkula S, Berglin L, et al. Scleral reinforcement by a teflon graft and a tissue adhesive[J]. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh), 1988, 66(6): 643-646. DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.1988.tb04054.x.
63.	Whitmore WG, Harrison W, Curtin BJ. Scleral reinforcement in rabbits using synthetic graft materials[J]. Ophthalmic Surg, 1990, 21(5): 327-330. DOI: 10.3928/1542-8877-19900501-06.
64.	Jacob-LaBarre JT, Assouline M, Conway MD, et al. Effects of scleral reinforcement on the elongation of growing cat eyes[J]. Arch Ophthalmol, 1993, 111(7): 979-986. DOI: 10.1001/archopht.1993.01090070099027.
65.	Chauvaud D, Assouline M, Perrenoud F. Posterior scleral reinforcement surgery[J]. J Fr Ophtalmol, 1997, 20(5): 374-382.
66.	Jacob-LaBarre JT, Assouline M, Byrd T, et al. Synthetic scleral reinforcement materials: I. development and in vivo tissue biocompatibility response[J]. J Biomed Mater Res, 1994, 28(6): 699-712. DOI: 10.1002/jbm.820280607.
67.	Jacob JT, Gebhardt BM, Lewando J. Synthetic scleral reinforcement materials. II. collagen types in the fibrous capsule[J]. J Biomed Mater Res, 1996, 32(2): 181-186. DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4636(199610)32:2<181::AID-JBM5>3.0.CO;2-P.
68.	Jacob JT, Lin JJ, Mikal SP. Synthetic scleral reinforcement materials. III. changes in surface and bulk physical properties[J]. J Biomed Mater Res, 1997, 37(4): 525-533. DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4636(19971215)37:4<525::aid-jbm11>3.0.co;2-7.
69.	Yuan Y, Zong Y, Zheng Q, et al. The efficacy and safety of a novel posterior scleral reinforcement device in rabbits[J]. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl, 2016, 62: 233-241. DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.12.046.
70.	Liu B, Ma W, Li Y, et al. Macular buckling using a three-armed silicone capsule for foveoschisis associated with high myopia[J]. Retina, 2016, 36(10): 1919-1926. DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000001014.

1. 國家衛生健康委辦公廳. 近視防治指南(2024年版)[J]. 眼科新進展, 2024, 44(8): 589-591. DOI: 10.13389/j.cnki.rao.2024.0113.Office of the National Health Commission. Guidelines for myopia prevention and treatment (2024 edition)[J]. Rec Adv Ophthalmol, 2024, 44(8): 589-591. DOI: 10.13389/j.cnki.rao.2024.0113.
2. Huang W, Duan A, Qi Y. Posterior scleral reinforcement to prevent progression of high myopia[J]. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila), 2019, 8(5): 366-370. DOI: 10.1097/APO.0000000000000257.
3. Shevelev MM. Operation against high myopia and sclera with aid of the transplantation of fascia lata on thinned sclera[J]. Russian Oftalmol, 1930, 1930: 107-110.
4. 包芳軍, 黃麗芳, 薛安全. 后鞏膜加固術的歷史與現狀[J]. 中華眼視光學與視覺科學雜志, 2016, 18(5): 310-313. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1674-845X.2016.05.014.Bao FJ, Huang LF, Xue AQ. The history and future perspective of posterior scleral reinforcement[J]. Chin J Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2016, 18(5): 310-313. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1674-845X.2016.05.014.
5. Borley WE, Snyder AA. Surgical treatment of high myopia; the combined lamellar scleral resection with scleral reinforcement using donor eye[J]. Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol, 1958, 62(6): 791-801.
6. Ward B, Tarutta EP, Mayer MJ. The efficacy and safety of posterior pole buckles in the control of progressive high myopia[J]. Eye (Lond), 2009, 23(12): 2169-2174. DOI: 10.1038/eye.2008.433.
7. Xue A, Bao F, Zheng L, et al. Posterior scleral reinforcement on progressive high myopic young patients[J]. Optom Vis Sci, 2014, 91(4): 412-418. DOI: 10.1097/OPX.0000000000000201.
8. Chen M, Dai J, Chu R, et al. The efficacy and safety of modified Snyder-Thompson posterior scleral reinforcement in extensive high myopia of Chinese children[J]. Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2013, 251(11): 2633-2638. DOI: 10.1007/s00417-013-2429-x.
9. Qiao L, Zhang X, Jan C, et al. Macular retinal thickness and flow density change by optical coherence tomography angiography after posterior scleral reinforcement[J]. Sci China Life Sci, 2019, 62(7): 930-936. DOI: 10.1007/s11427-018-9484-6.
10. Kang MT, Wang N, Xu W, et al. Long-term outcomes of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy with and without posterior scleral reinforcement on myopic maculopathy in myopic choroidal neovascularization eyes[J/OL]. BMC Ophthalmol, 2024, 24(1): 118[2024-03-13]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38481176/. DOI: 10.1186/s12886-024-03357-1.
11. Zhu Z, Ji X, Zhang J, et al. Posterior scleral reinforcement in the treatment of macular retinoschisis in highly myopic patients[J]. Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2009, 37(7): 660-663. DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-9071.2009.02111.x.
12. Li XJ, Yang XP, Li QM, et al. Posterior scleral reinforcement combined with vitrectomy for myopic foveoschisis[J]. Int J Ophthalmol, 2016, 9(2): 258-261. DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2016.02.14.
13. Peng C, Xu J, Ding X, et al. Effects of posterior scleral reinforcement in pathological myopia: a 3-year follow-up study[J]. Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2019, 257(3): 607-617. DOI: 10.1007/s00417-018-04212-y.
14. Miao Z, Li L, Meng X, et al. Modified posterior scleral reinforcement as a treatment for high myopia in children and its therapeutic effect[J/OL]. Biomed Res Int, 2019, 2019: 5185780[2019-01-22]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30805365/. DOI: 10.1155/2019/5185780.
15. 馮志貞, 李景恒, 楊雪艷, 等. 兩種實驗性兔鞏膜加固術的比較研究[J]. 中國實用眼科雜志, 2008, 26(2): 168-170. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1006-4443.2008.02.021.Feng ZZ, Li JH, Yang XY, et al. An experimental study on two different posterior scleral reinforcement in rabbits[J]. Chin J Pract Ophthalmol, 2008, 26(2): 168-170. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1006-4443.2008.02.021.
16. 江波, 黎春雷, 蘇多. 混合式后鞏膜加固術治療高度近視的遠期療效觀察[J]. 中國實用眼科雜志, 2005, 23(5): 467-469. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1006-4443.2005.05.006.Jiang B, Li CL, Su D. Long-term observation of curative effects of mixed posterior scleral reinforcement surgery in high myopia[J]. Chin J Pract Ophthalmol, 2005, 23(5): 467-469. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1006-4443.2005.05.006.
17. Dong X, Liu J, Bu J. The efficacy of modified posterior scleral reinforcement with round scleral patches in Chinese children with high myopia[J]. Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2020, 258(7): 1543-1547. DOI: 10.1007/s00417-020-04646-3.
18. Wang YH, Xin C, Li XX, et al. Posterior scleral reinforcement surgery effectively slows the rate of high myopic progression in children[J/OL]. J Fr Ophtalmol, 2024, 47(7): 104213[2024-05-23]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38788251/. DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2024.104213.
19. Huang Y, Qi Y, Wei WB, et al. Long-term outcome of pathologic myopic foveoschisis treated with posterior scleral reinforcement followed by vitrectomy[J]. Int J Ophthalmol, 2022, 15(6): 975-982. DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2022.06.16.
20. Zhu SQ, Zheng LY, Pan AP, et al. The efficacy and safety of posterior scleral reinforcement using genipin cross-linked sclera for macular detachment and retinoschisis in highly myopic eyes[J]. Br J Ophthalmol, 2016, 100(11): 1470-1475. DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2015-308087.
21. Ji X, Wang J, Zhang J, et al. The effect of posterior scleral reinforcement for high myopia macular splitting[J]. J Int Med Res, 2011, 39(2): 662-666. DOI: 10.1177/147323001103900236.
22. Curtin BJ, Whitmore WG. Long-term results of scleral reinforcement surgery[J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 1987, 103(4): 544-548. DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9394(14)74278-3.
23. Mo J, Duan AL, Chan SY, et al. Application of optical coherence tomography angiography in assessment of posterior scleral reinforcement for pathologic myopia[J]. Int J Ophthalmol, 2016, 9(12): 1761-1765. DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2016.12.10.
24. 馬代金, 劉雙珍. 后鞏膜加固術作用機制的實驗研究[J]. 中國現代醫學雜志, 2004, 14(10): 96-97,101. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-8982.2004.10.028.Ma DJ, Liu SZ. Study on mechanism of posterior scleral reinforcement[J]. China Journal of Modern Medicine, 2004, 14(10): 96-97,101. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-8982.2004.10.028.
25. Weiyi C, Wang X, Wang C, et al. An experimental study on collagen content and biomechanical properties of sclera after posterior sclera reinforcement[J]. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon), 2008, 23(Suppl 1): S17-20. DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2007.10.013.
26. Yan Z, Wang C, Chen W, et al. Biomechanical considerations: evaluating scleral reinforcement materials for pathological myopia[J]. Can J Ophthalmol, 2010, 45(3): 252-255. DOI: 10.3129/i09-279.
27. Xue A, Zheng L, Tan G, et al. Genipin-crosslinked donor sclera for posterior scleral contraction/reinforcement to fight progressive myopia[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2018, 59(8): 3564-3573. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.17-23707.
28. Butiukova VA, Iurchenko NV. Use of the dura mater of human fetus for scleroplasty in progressive myopia[J]. Oftalmol Zh, 1977, 32(6): 429-431.
29. 蘭麗霞, 利佩茜, 葉波, 等. 應用異體硬腦膜行改良后鞏膜加固術治療病理性近視的臨床效果觀察[J]. 中國醫學創新, 2024, 21(20): 133-136. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2024.20.031.Lan LX, Li PX, Ye B, et al. Clinical observation of the effect of modified posterior sclera reinforcement using allogeneic dura meninge in the treatment of pathological myopia[J]. Medical Innovation of China, 2024, 21(20): 133-136. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2024.20.031.
30. 朱金玉. 后鞏膜加固術治療青少年高度近視的臨床療效[J]. 浙江臨床醫學, 2016, 18(6): 1086-1087.Zhu JY. Clinical efficacy of posterior scleral reinforcement surgery in the treatment of high myopia in adolescents[J]. Zhejiang Clinical Medical Journal, 2016, 18(6): 1086-1087.
31. 劉修鐸, 呂嘉華, 褚仁遠. 后鞏膜加固術治療高度近視眼的遠期臨床療效觀察[J]. 中華眼科雜志, 2011, 47(6): 527-530. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0412-4081.2011.06.010.Liu XD, Lyu JH, Chu RY. Long-term studies on clinical therapeutic efficiency of posterior scleral reinforcement surgery[J]. Chin J Ophthalmol, 2011, 47(6): 527-530. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0412-4081.2011.06.010.
32. 藺琪, 于剛, 崔燕輝, 等. 改良四片式后鞏膜加固術治療兒童進行性高度近視臨床研究[J]. 中國斜視與小兒眼科雜志, 2016, 24(3): 27-28. DOI: 10.3969/J.ISSN.1005-328X.2016.03.008.Lin Q, Yu G, Cui YH, et al. The Effect of modified posterior scleral reinforcement surgery on children progressive high myopia[J]. Chinese Journal of Strabismus & Pediatric Ophthalmology, 2016, 24(3): 27-28. DOI: 10.3969/J.ISSN.1005-328X.2016.03.008.
33. 歐陽朝祜, 褚仁遠, 趙梅, 等. 牛心包補片應用于后鞏膜加固術的早期安全性與生物相容性[J]. 中華眼視光學與視覺科學雜志, 2016, 18(5): 259-263. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1674-845X.2016.05.002.Ouyang CH, Chu RY, Zhao M, et al. Early safety and biological compatibility of a bovine pericardium patch for posterior scleral reinforcement[J]. Chin J Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2016, 18(5): 259-263. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1674-845X.2016.05.002.
34. Ma J, Wu F, Liu Z, et al. Biomechanical considerations of patching material for posterior scleral reinforcement surgery[J/OL]. Front Med (Lausanne), 2022, 9: 888542[2022-05-16]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35652073/. DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.888542.
35. Gao S, Liu Y, Ma S, et al. Clinical observation of posterior scleral reinforcement in the treatment of progressive high myopia in Chinese children: a retrospective study[J/OL]. BMC Ophthalmol, 2022, 22(1): 147[2022-04-01]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35365102/. DOI: 10.1186/s12886-022-02375-1.
36. Hedergott A, Pink-Theofylaktopoulos U, Neugebauer A, et al. Tendon elongation with bovine pericardium in strabismus surgery-indications beyond Graefe' orbitopathy[J]. Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2021, 259(1): 145-155. DOI: 10.1007/s00417-020-04939-7.
37. Alio JL, Rodriguez AE, Martinez LM. Bovine pericardium membrane (Tutopatch) combined with solid platelet-rich plasma for the management of perforated corneal ulcers[J]. Cornea, 2013, 32(5): 619-624. DOI: 10.1097/ICO.0b013e31825a6d9a.
38. Hu H, Zhao G, Wu R, et al. Axial length/corneal radius of curvature ratio assessment of posterior sclera reinforcement for pathologic myopia[J]. Ophthalmologica, 2018, 239(2-3): 128-132. DOI: 10.1159/000484485.
39. 周希彬, 黃一飛, 吳志鴻, 等. 牛心包生物補片對后鞏膜加固區的生物力學特性及其作用機制[J]. 武警醫學, 2015, 26(6): 609-612. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-3594.2015.06.023.Zhou XB, Huang YF, Wu ZH, et al. Biomechanical properties of bovine pericardium in posterior sclera reinforcement operation[J]. Med J Chin PAPF, 2015, 26(6): 609-612. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-3594.2015.06.023.
40. 柳小軍, 李自紅, 郭文遠, 等. 京尼平改性牛心包眼鞏膜生物補片的結構表征及性能評價[J]. 中國組織工程研究, 2022, 26(34): 5430-5435.Liu XJ, Li ZH, Guo WY, et al. Structure characterization and performance evaluation of modified bovine pericardial scleral biological patch with genipin[J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2022, 26(34): 5430-5435.
41. Zhang WF, Li BH, Liu ZB, et al. The feasibility and safety of biomaterials for posterior scleral reinforcement in rabbits[J/OL]. Biomed Mater, 2024, 19(5): 55027[2024-08-08]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39059433/. DOI: 10.1088/1748-605X/ad6826.
42. Iumasheva AA, Belous VI, Lishchenko BM. Scleroplasty results in progressive myopathy with the use of allogeneic amnion[J]. Oftalmol Zh, 1989(6): 352-354.
43. Za?kova MV, Molokova NF. Umbilical tissue transplantation in progressive myopia[J]. Vestn Oftalmol, 1991, 107(6): 18-21.
44. 王林農, 王勻, 陳力迅, 等. 胎兒臍帶置入鞏膜加固術治療進行性近視臨床觀察[J]. 江蘇醫藥, 1996, 22(3): 161-163. DOI: 10.19460/j.cnki.0253-3685.1996.03.008.Wang LN, Wang Y, Chen LX, et al. Clinical observation of fetal umbilical cord insertion for scleral reinforcement in the treatment of progressive myopia[J]. Jiangsu Medicine, 1996, 22(3): 161-163. DOI: 10.19460/j.cnki.0253-3685.1996.03.008.
45. 牛彤彤, 陶軍, 徐艷春, 等. 臍帶在高度近視眼后鞏膜加固術中的應用[J]. 國際眼科雜志, 2003, 3(2): 98-99. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-5123.2003.02.035.Niu TT, Tao J, Xu YC, et al. Umbilical cord in posterior scleral reinforcement in high myopia[J]. Int Eye Sci, 2003, 3(2): 98-99. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-5123.2003.02.035.
46. 關瑋麗, 段惠義. 后鞏膜加固術治療高度進行性近視的效果觀察[J]. 醫學研究雜志, 2008, 37(3): 128-130. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-548X.2008.03.053.Guan WL, Duan HY. The Long-term evaluation of scleral reinforcement surgery for high progressive myopia[J]. J Med Res, 2008, 37(3): 128-130. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-548X.2008.03.053.
47. 張小牛, 李世洋, 馬紅利. 胎兒臍帶在后鞏膜加固術中的應用觀察[J]. 國際眼科雜志, 2013, 13(1): 128-130. DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.1672-5123.2013.01.37.Zhang XN, Li SY, Ma HL. Application observation of fetal umbilical cord in posterior sclera reinforce-ment surgery[J]. Int Eye Sci, 2013, 13(1): 128-130. DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.1672-5123.2013.01.37.
48. 范麗英, 陶軍. 胎兒臍帶在后鞏膜加固術中的臨床應用[J]. 中國民康醫學, 2018, 30(4): 1-3. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-0369.2018.04.001.Fan LY, Tao J. Clinical application of posterior scleral reinforcement with fetal umbilical cord[J]. Medical Journal of Chinese People's Health, 2018, 30(4): 1-3. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-0369.2018.04.001.
49. 馬代金, 劉雙珍. 胎兒臍帶后鞏膜加固術的實驗研究[J]. 眼科研究, 2004, 22(5): 502-504. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.2095-0160.2004.05.016.Ma DJ, Liu SZ. An experimental study on scleral reinforcement with umbilical cord[J]. Chin Ophthal Res, 2004, 22(5): 502-504. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.2095-0160.2004.05.016.
50. 馬代金, 劉雙珍. 兩種材料后鞏膜加固術后堿性成纖維細胞生長因子的表達[J]. 中國現代醫學雜志, 2005, 15(8): 1192-1193,1197. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-8982.2005.08.022.Ma DJ, Liu SZ. Differential expression of basic fibroblast growth factor after scleral reinforcement with various materials[J]. China Journal of Modern Medicine, 2005, 15(8): 1192-1193,1197. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-8982.2005.08.022.
51. Crawford JS. Fascia lata: its nature and fate after implantation and its use in ophthalmic surgery[J]. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc, 1968, 66: 673-745.
52. Curtin BJ. Surgical support of the posterior sclera. Part I. experimental results[J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 1960, 49: 1341-1350. DOI: 10.1016/0002-9394(60)91353-2.
53. Nesterov AP, Libenson NB, Svirin AV. Early and late results of fascia lata transplantation in high myopia[J]. Br J Ophthalmol, 1976, 60(4): 271-272. DOI: 10.1136/bjo.60.4.271.
54. Balázs K, Békési L, Berta A, et al. Scleral reinforcement in progressive myopia and intraoperative ultrasound control of the cadaver fascia lata strip[J]. Acta Chir Hung, 1997, 36(1-4): 14-15.
55. 宋國奇, 張振坡. 后鞏膜加固術治療高度近視療效觀察[J]. 中國社區醫師, 2008, 10(21): 124-124.Song GQ, Zhang ZP. Observation on the Therapeutic Effect of Posterior Scleral Reinforcement in the Treatment of High Myopia[J]. Chinese Community Physician, 2008, 10(21): 124-124.
56. Jiang X, Wang Y, Qiu W, et al. Corneal stromal transplantation with human-derived acellular dermal matrix for pellucid marginal corneal degeneration: a nonrandomized clinical trial[J/OL]. Transplantation, 2019, 103(6): e172-e179[2019-06-01]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30801540/. DOI: 10.1097/TP.0000000000002681.
57. McGrath LA, Hardy TG, McNab AA. Efficacy of porcine acellular dermal matrix in the management of lower eyelid retraction: case series and review of the literature[J]. Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2020, 258(9): 1999-2006. DOI: 10.1007/s00417-020-04660-5.
58. 王甜, 張金嵩. 異體脫細胞真皮基質后鞏膜加固術后組織相容性及bFGF表達的變化[J]. 眼科新進展, 2015, 35(10): 921-923. DOI: 10.13389/j.cnki.rao.2015.0251.Wang T, Zhang JS. Histocompatibility and expression of bFGF after posterior scleral reinforcement by using allogeneic acellular dermal matrix in rabbits[J]. Rec Adv Ophthalmol, 2015, 35(10): 921-923. DOI: 10.13389/j.cnki.rao.2015.0251.
59. Ye H, Tang R, Fang W, et al. Clinical outcomes of posterior scleral reinforcement in Chinese high myopia children[J/OL]. Sci Rep, 2024, 14(1): 16479[2024-07-17]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39013945/. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67078-7.
60. Xu Y, Chen Q, Shao Z, et al. Evaluation of new robust silk fibroin hydrogels for posterior scleral reinforcement in rabbits[J/OL]. Front Bioeng Biotechnol, 2023, 11: 1211688[2023-06-14]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37388765/. DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1211688.
61. Hui J, Nie X, Wei P, et al. 3D printed fibroblast-loaded hydrogel for scleral remodeling to prevent the progression of myopia[J]. J Mater Chem B, 2024, 12(10): 2559-2570. DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02548a.
62. ?hrstr?m A, Stenkula S, Berglin L, et al. Scleral reinforcement by a teflon graft and a tissue adhesive[J]. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh), 1988, 66(6): 643-646. DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.1988.tb04054.x.
63. Whitmore WG, Harrison W, Curtin BJ. Scleral reinforcement in rabbits using synthetic graft materials[J]. Ophthalmic Surg, 1990, 21(5): 327-330. DOI: 10.3928/1542-8877-19900501-06.
64. Jacob-LaBarre JT, Assouline M, Conway MD, et al. Effects of scleral reinforcement on the elongation of growing cat eyes[J]. Arch Ophthalmol, 1993, 111(7): 979-986. DOI: 10.1001/archopht.1993.01090070099027.
65. Chauvaud D, Assouline M, Perrenoud F. Posterior scleral reinforcement surgery[J]. J Fr Ophtalmol, 1997, 20(5): 374-382.
66. Jacob-LaBarre JT, Assouline M, Byrd T, et al. Synthetic scleral reinforcement materials: I. development and in vivo tissue biocompatibility response[J]. J Biomed Mater Res, 1994, 28(6): 699-712. DOI: 10.1002/jbm.820280607.
67. Jacob JT, Gebhardt BM, Lewando J. Synthetic scleral reinforcement materials. II. collagen types in the fibrous capsule[J]. J Biomed Mater Res, 1996, 32(2): 181-186. DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4636(199610)32:2<181::AID-JBM5>3.0.CO;2-P.
68. Jacob JT, Lin JJ, Mikal SP. Synthetic scleral reinforcement materials. III. changes in surface and bulk physical properties[J]. J Biomed Mater Res, 1997, 37(4): 525-533. DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4636(19971215)37:4<525::aid-jbm11>3.0.co;2-7.
69. Yuan Y, Zong Y, Zheng Q, et al. The efficacy and safety of a novel posterior scleral reinforcement device in rabbits[J]. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl, 2016, 62: 233-241. DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.12.046.
70. Liu B, Ma W, Li Y, et al. Macular buckling using a three-armed silicone capsule for foveoschisis associated with high myopia[J]. Retina, 2016, 36(10): 1919-1926. DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000001014.

Chinese Journal of Ocular Fundus Diseases

Latest ArticlesResearch progress on posterior scleral reinforcement materials

Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Format

Content