Microwave sensor for recognition of abnormal nodule tissue on body surface_Journal of Biomedical Engineering

Authors：

LI Chunxue ,  GUO Hongfu , ZHOU Chen , WANG Xinran , BAI Junkai

School of Physics, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, P. R. China;

Corresponding?author：

GUO Hongfu, Email: hfguo@xidian.edu.cn

Keywords：

Microwave sensor; S21 parameters; Body surface; Abnormal nodule

DOI：

10.7507/1001-5515.202209014

Video：

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For the detection and identification of abnormal nodular tissues on the body surface, a microwave sensor structure loaded with a spiral resonator is proposed in this paper, a sensor simulation model is established using HFSS software, the structural parameters are optimized, and the actual sensor is fabricated. The S21 parameters of the tissue were obtained when nodules appeared by simulation, and the characteristic relationship between the difference of S21 parameters with position was analyzed and tested experimentally. The results showed that when nodules were present in normal tissues, the curve of S21 parameter difference with position change had obvious inverted bimodal characteristics, and the extreme value of S21 parameter difference appeared when the sensor was directly above the nodules, which was easy to identify the position of nodules. It provides an objective detection tool for the identification of abnormal nodular tissues on the body surface.

Citation： LI Chunxue, GUO Hongfu, ZHOU Chen, WANG Xinran, BAI Junkai. Microwave sensor for recognition of abnormal nodule tissue on body surface. Journal of Biomedical Engineering, 2023, 40(1): 149-154. doi: 10.7507/1001-5515.202209014 Copy

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16.	Lazebnik M, Okoniewski M, Booske J H, et al. Highly accurate debye models for normal and malignant breast tissue dielectric properties at microwave frequencies. IEEE Microw Wirel Compon Lett, 2007, 17(12): 822-824.
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18.	Bai Junkai, Guo Hongfu, Li Hua, et al. Flexible microwave biosensor for skin abnormality detection based on spoof surface plasmon polaritons. Micromachines, 2021, 12(12): 1550.
19.	Gao Y, Zoughi R. Millimeter wave reflectometry and imaging for noninvasive diagnosis of skin burn injuries. IEEE T Instrum Meas, 2017, 66(1): 77-84.
20.	Mirbeik-Sabzevari A, Ashinoff R, Tavassolian N. Ultra-wideband millimeter-wave dielectric characteristics of freshly-excised normal and malignant human skin tissues. IEEE T Bio Eng, 2018, 65(6): 1320-1329.
21.	T?pfer F, Emtestam L, Oberhammer J. Long-term monitoring of skin recovery by micromachined microwave near-field probe. IEEE Microw Wirel Compon Lett, 2017, 27(6): 605-607.
22.	Kilpij?rvi J, Tolvanen J, Juuti J, et al. A non-invasive method for hydration status measurement with a microwave sensor using skin phantoms. IEEE Sens J, 2020, 20(2): 1095-1104.
23.	張寶. 基于表面等離子體激元的微波/毫米波生物傳感器. 成都: 電子科技大學, 2018.
24.	Wang Xinran, Guo Hongfu, Zhou Chen, et al. High-resolution probe design for measuring the dielectric properties of human tissues. Biomed Eng Online, 2021, 20(1): 86.
25.	王海楊. 豬體阻抗模型構建及觸電實驗驗證. 烏魯木齊: 新疆農業大學, 2020.

1. Yilmaz T, Kilic M A, Erdogan M, et al. Machine learning aided diagnosis of hepatic malignancies through in vivo dielectric measurements with microwaves. Phys Med Biol, 2016, 61(13): 5089-5102.
2. Geddes L A, Baker L E. The specific resistance of biological material—A compendium of data for the biomedical engineer and physiologist. Med Biol Eng, 1967, 5(3): 271-293.
3. Stuchly M A, Stuchly S S. Dielectric properties of biological substances — tabulated. J Micro Power, 1980, 15(1): 19-25.
4. La Gioia A, Porter E, Merunka I, et al. Open-ended coaxial probe technique for dielectric measurement of biological tissues: challenges and common practices. Diagnostics (Basel), 2018, 8(2): 40.
5. Burdette E C, Cain F L, Seals J. In vivo probe measurement technique for determining dielectric properties at VHF through microwave frequencies. IEEE T Micro Theory, 2003, 28(4): 414-427.
6. Langhe P D, Blomme K. Measurement of low-permittivity materials based on a spectral-domain analysis for the open-ended coaxial probe. IEEE T Instrum Meas, 1993, 42(5): 879-886.
7. Blackham D V, Pollard R D. An improved technique for permittivity measurements using a coaxial probe. IEEE T Instrum Meas, 1997, 46(5): 1093-1099.
8. Kaatze U, Feldman Y. Broadband dielectric spectrometry of liquids and biosystems. Meas Sci Technol, 2006, 17(2): 17.
9. 張亮. 射頻段生物組織介電特性檢測方法與參數模型研究. 長沙: 國防科學技術大學, 2015.
10. 劉洪興, 程妍妍, 張萌, 等. 2450 MHz下生物組織介電特性的溫度依賴性實驗. 生物醫學工程學雜志, 2021, 38(4): 703-708.
11. 王亦方, 胡斌杰, 崔芙蓉, 等. 用于人體皮下腫瘤探測的優化喇叭探頭. 電波科學學報, 2000(2): 208-212.
12. .McLaughlin B L, Robertson P A. Miniature open-ended coaxial probes for dielectric spectroscopy applications. J Phys D, 2007, 40(1): 45-53.
13. 李穎. 基于組織系數的生物組織電特性分析方法研究. 醫療衛生裝備, 2022, 43(5): 8-13.
14. Popovic D, McCartney L, Beasley C, et al. Precision open-ended coaxial probes for in vivo and ex vivo dielectric spectroscopy of biological tissues at microwave frequencies. IEEE T Microw Theory, 2005, 53(5): 1713-1722.
15. O’Rourke A P, Lazebnik M, Bertram J M, et al. Dielectric properties of human normal, malignant and cirrhotic liver tissue: in vivo and ex vivo measurements from 0.5 to 20 GHz using a precision open-ended coaxial probe. Phys Med Biol, 2007, 52(15): 4707-4719.
16. Lazebnik M, Okoniewski M, Booske J H, et al. Highly accurate debye models for normal and malignant breast tissue dielectric properties at microwave frequencies. IEEE Microw Wirel Compon Lett, 2007, 17(12): 822-824.
17. Katbay Z, Sadek S, Le Roy M, et al. From narrow-band to ultra-wide-band microwave sensors in direct skin contact for breast cancer detection. Analog Integr Circ S, 2018, 96: 221-234.
18. Bai Junkai, Guo Hongfu, Li Hua, et al. Flexible microwave biosensor for skin abnormality detection based on spoof surface plasmon polaritons. Micromachines, 2021, 12(12): 1550.
19. Gao Y, Zoughi R. Millimeter wave reflectometry and imaging for noninvasive diagnosis of skin burn injuries. IEEE T Instrum Meas, 2017, 66(1): 77-84.
20. Mirbeik-Sabzevari A, Ashinoff R, Tavassolian N. Ultra-wideband millimeter-wave dielectric characteristics of freshly-excised normal and malignant human skin tissues. IEEE T Bio Eng, 2018, 65(6): 1320-1329.
21. T?pfer F, Emtestam L, Oberhammer J. Long-term monitoring of skin recovery by micromachined microwave near-field probe. IEEE Microw Wirel Compon Lett, 2017, 27(6): 605-607.
22. Kilpij?rvi J, Tolvanen J, Juuti J, et al. A non-invasive method for hydration status measurement with a microwave sensor using skin phantoms. IEEE Sens J, 2020, 20(2): 1095-1104.
23. 張寶. 基于表面等離子體激元的微波/毫米波生物傳感器. 成都: 電子科技大學, 2018.
24. Wang Xinran, Guo Hongfu, Zhou Chen, et al. High-resolution probe design for measuring the dielectric properties of human tissues. Biomed Eng Online, 2021, 20(1): 86.
25. 王海楊. 豬體阻抗模型構建及觸電實驗驗證. 烏魯木齊: 新疆農業大學, 2020.

Journal of Biomedical Engineering

Microwave sensor for recognition of abnormal nodule tissue on body surface

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