Basic, clinical and rehabilitation of coronavirus disease 2019_West China Medical Journal

Authors：

QI Yue ^1,2 , ZHANG Jianmei ^1,2 , JIANG Hongying ^1,2 , LI Lei ^1,2 , YANG Mengxuan ^1,2 , YU Pengming ^1,2 , XIE Wei ^1,2 , YANG Yonghong ^1,2 , HE Hongchen ^1,2 , WEI Quan ^1,2 ,  HE Chengqi ^1,2

1. Rehabilitation Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China;
2. Rehabilitation Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China;

Corresponding?author：

HE Chengqi, Email: hxkfhcq@126.com

Keywords：

Coronavirus disease 2019; Key points of knowledge; Rehabilitation treatment

DOI：

10.7507/1002-0179.202004042

Video：

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Since its discovery in early 2020, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread rapidly around the world and is now a global challenge. As early respiratory rehabilitation can improve the patient’s respiratory function and quality of life, it deserves proper attention. Aimed to provide reference for the clinical rehabilitation, this paper summarizes the rehabilitation goals, rehabilitation treatments, nutrition therapy and psychotherapy for different types of COVID-19, on the basis of brief describing the etiological, pathological mechanism, clinical features and medical treatment.

Citation： QI Yue, ZHANG Jianmei, JIANG Hongying, LI Lei, YANG Mengxuan, YU Pengming, XIE Wei, YANG Yonghong, HE Hongchen, WEI Quan, HE Chengqi. Basic, clinical and rehabilitation of coronavirus disease 2019. West China Medical Journal, 2021, 36(1): 19-23. doi: 10.7507/1002-0179.202004042 Copy

1.	World Health Organization. Archived: WHO Timeline - COVID-19.(2020-04-27)[2020-04-30]. https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/27-04-2020-who-timeline--covid-19.
2.	Liu K, Zhang W, Yang Y, et al. Respiratory rehabilitation in elderly patients with COVID-19: A randomized controlled study. Complement Ther Clin Pract, 2020, 5(39): 101166.
3.	Forni D, Cagliani R, Clerici M, et al. Molecular evolution of human coronavirus genomes. Trends Microbiol, 2017, 25(1): 35-48.
4.	國家衛生健康委辦公廳. 新型冠狀病毒感染的肺炎診療方案(試行第七版). (2020-03-03)[2020-04-02]. http://www.nhc.gov.cn/xcs/zhengcwj/202003/46c9294a7dfe4cef80dc7f5912eb1989.shtml.
5.	Chan JF, Yuan SF, Kin-Hang K, et al. A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster. Lancet, 2020, 395(1223): 514-523.
6.	Zhou P, Yang XL, Wang XG, et al. A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin. Nature, 2020, 579(7798): 270-273.
7.	Zhu H, Guo Q, Li M, et al. Host and infectivity prediction of Wuhan 2019 novel coronavirus using deep learning algorithm. (2020-01-21)[2020-04-02]. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.01.21.914044.
8.	Xiao K, Zhai J, Feng Y, et al. Isolation and characterization of 2019-nCoV-like coronavirus from malayan pangolins. (2020-02-20)[2020-04-02]. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.17.951335.
9.	Chen HJ, Juanjuan G, Chen W, et al. Clinical characteristics and intrauterine vertical transmission potential of COVID-19 infection in nine pregnant women: a retrospective review of medical records. Lancet, 2020, 395(1226): 809-815.
10.	劉茜, 王榮帥, 屈國強, 等. 新型冠狀病毒肺炎死亡尸體系統解剖大體觀察報告. 法醫學雜志, 2020, 36(1): 21-23.
11.	Xu Z, Lei S, Wang YJ, et al. Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Lancet Respir Med, 2020, 8(4): 420-422.
12.	Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet, 2020, 395(1223): 497-506.
13.	Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, et al. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in wuhan, China. JAMA, 2020, 323(11): 1061-1069.
14.	Letko M, Marzi A, Munster V. Functional assessment of cell entry and receptor usage for SARS-CoV-2 and other lineageB betacoronaviruses. Nat Microbiol, 2020, 5(4): 562-569.
15.	Zhang H, Kang ZJ. The digestive system is a potential route of 2019-nCov infection: a bioinformatics analysis based on single-cell transcriptomes. (2020-01-31)[2020-04-02]. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.01.30.927806.
16.	Fan CB, Kai L. ACE2 expression in kidney and testis May cause kidney and testis damage after 2019-nCoV infection. (2020-02-13)[2020-04-02]. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.12.20022418.
17.	To KKW, Tsang OTY, Leung WS, et al. Temporal profiles of viral load in posterior oropharyngeal saliva samples and serum antibody responses during infection by SARS-CoV-2: an observational cohort study. Lancet Infect Dis, 2020, 20(5): 565-574.
18.	國務院新聞辦公室. 國務院新聞辦公室2020年1月22日新聞發布會介紹新型冠狀病毒感染的肺炎防控工作有關情況.(2020-01-22)[2020-04-02]. http://www.nhc.gov.cn/xwzb/webcontroller.do?titleSeq=11208&gecstype=1.
19.	Guan WJ, Ni ZY, Hu Y, et al. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med, 2020, 382(18): 1708-1720.
20.	Wu ZY, McGoogan JM. Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72?314 cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. JAMA, 2020, 323(13): 1239-1242.
21.	陳韜, 陳廣, 郭威, 等. 新型冠狀病毒感染的肺炎診療快速指南(第三版). 醫藥導報, 2020, 39(03): 305-307.
22.	李太生, 曹瑋, 翁利, 等. 北京協和醫院關于"新型冠狀病毒感染的肺炎"診療建議方案(V2.0). 中華內科雜志, 2020(3): 186-188.
23.	趙建平, 胡軼, 杜榮輝, 等. 新型冠狀病毒肺炎糖皮質激素使用的建議. 中華結核和呼吸雜志, 2020, 43(3): 183-184.
24.	Zhen L, Ming W, Jiwei Y, et al. Caution on Kidney Dysfunctions of COVID-19 Patients. (2020-03-27)[2020-04-02]. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.08.20021212.
25.	Li GD, Clercq ED. Therapeutic options for the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Nat Rev Drug Discov, 2020, 19(3): 149-150.
26.	Shen C, Wang ZQ, Zhao F, et al. Treatment of 5 critically ill patients with COVID-19 with convalescent plasma. JAMA, 2020, 323(16): 1582-1589.
27.	中國康復醫學會, 中國康復醫學會呼吸康復專委會. 2019 新型冠狀病毒肺炎呼吸康復指導意見(第二版). 中華結核和呼吸雜志, 2020, 43(04): 308-314.
28.	喻鵬銘, 何成奇, 高強, 等. 新型冠狀病毒肺炎患者全周期物理治療操作規范和建議. 中華物理醫學與康復雜志, 2020, 42(2): 102-104.
29.	Jang MH, Shin MJ, Shin YB. Pulmonary and physical rehabilitation in critically ill patients. Acute Crit Care, 2019, 34(1): 1-13.
30.	趙小龍, 李茂琴, 許鐵. 急性呼吸窘迫綜合征機械通氣肺復張的研究進展. 中國全科醫學, 2010, 13(15): 1715-1718.
31.	Fan E, Del Sorbo L, Goligher E C, et al. An official American Thoracic Society/European Society of Intensive Care Medicine/Society of Critical Care Medicine clinical practice guideline: mechanical ventilation in adult patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2017, 195(9): 1253-1263.
32.	Kayambu G, Boots R, Paratz J. Physical therapy for the critically ill in the ICU: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Care Med, 2013, 41(6): 1543-1554.
33.	Kho ME, Molloy AJ, Clarke FJ, et al. Multicentre pilot randomised clinical trial of early in-bed cycle ergometry with ventilated patients. BMJ Open Respir Res, 2019, 6(1): e000383.
34.	Karatzanos E, Gerovasili V, Zervakis D, et al. Electrical muscle stimulation: an effective form of exercise and early mobilization to preserve muscle strength in critically ill patients. Crit Care Res Pract, 2012: 432752.
35.	Bissett B, Leditschke IA, Green M, et al. Inspiratory muscle training for intensive care patients: a multidisciplinary practical guide for clinicians. Aust Crit Care, 2019, 32(3): 249-255.
36.	吳雨晨, 丁楠楠, 姜變通, 張志剛, 張彩云, 岳偉崗, 田金徽. 閾值負荷吸氣肌訓練對呼吸肌功能影響的Meta分析. 中國康復理論與實踐, 2019, 25(10): 1150-1161.
37.	應對新型冠狀病毒感染的肺炎疫情聯防聯控工作機制. 新型冠狀病毒感染的肺炎疫情緊急心理危機干預指導原則. (2020-01-27)[2020-04-02]. http://www.nhc.gov.cn/xcs/zhengcwj/202001/6adc08b966594253b2b791be5c3b9467.shtml.
38.	中華醫學會腸外腸內營養學分會. 關于新型冠狀病毒肺炎患者的醫學營養治療專家建議. 中華普通外科學文獻(電子版), 2020, 14(1): 1.
39.	中華醫學會腸外腸內營養學分會. 新型冠狀病毒肺炎重癥患者的腸內腸外營養治療專家建議. 中華醫學雜志, 2020, 100(12): 889-892.
40.	中華醫學會呼吸病學分會呼吸危重癥醫學學組, 中國醫師協會呼吸醫師分會危重癥醫學工作委員會. 成人重癥新型冠狀病毒肺炎患者氣道管理推薦意見(試行). 中華醫學雜志, 2020, 100(10): 729-737.

1. World Health Organization. Archived: WHO Timeline - COVID-19.(2020-04-27)[2020-04-30]. https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/27-04-2020-who-timeline--covid-19.
2. Liu K, Zhang W, Yang Y, et al. Respiratory rehabilitation in elderly patients with COVID-19: A randomized controlled study. Complement Ther Clin Pract, 2020, 5(39): 101166.
3. Forni D, Cagliani R, Clerici M, et al. Molecular evolution of human coronavirus genomes. Trends Microbiol, 2017, 25(1): 35-48.
4. 國家衛生健康委辦公廳. 新型冠狀病毒感染的肺炎診療方案(試行第七版). (2020-03-03)[2020-04-02]. http://www.nhc.gov.cn/xcs/zhengcwj/202003/46c9294a7dfe4cef80dc7f5912eb1989.shtml.
5. Chan JF, Yuan SF, Kin-Hang K, et al. A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster. Lancet, 2020, 395(1223): 514-523.
6. Zhou P, Yang XL, Wang XG, et al. A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin. Nature, 2020, 579(7798): 270-273.
7. Zhu H, Guo Q, Li M, et al. Host and infectivity prediction of Wuhan 2019 novel coronavirus using deep learning algorithm. (2020-01-21)[2020-04-02]. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.01.21.914044.
8. Xiao K, Zhai J, Feng Y, et al. Isolation and characterization of 2019-nCoV-like coronavirus from malayan pangolins. (2020-02-20)[2020-04-02]. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.17.951335.
9. Chen HJ, Juanjuan G, Chen W, et al. Clinical characteristics and intrauterine vertical transmission potential of COVID-19 infection in nine pregnant women: a retrospective review of medical records. Lancet, 2020, 395(1226): 809-815.
10. 劉茜, 王榮帥, 屈國強, 等. 新型冠狀病毒肺炎死亡尸體系統解剖大體觀察報告. 法醫學雜志, 2020, 36(1): 21-23.
11. Xu Z, Lei S, Wang YJ, et al. Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Lancet Respir Med, 2020, 8(4): 420-422.
12. Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet, 2020, 395(1223): 497-506.
13. Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, et al. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in wuhan, China. JAMA, 2020, 323(11): 1061-1069.
14. Letko M, Marzi A, Munster V. Functional assessment of cell entry and receptor usage for SARS-CoV-2 and other lineageB betacoronaviruses. Nat Microbiol, 2020, 5(4): 562-569.
15. Zhang H, Kang ZJ. The digestive system is a potential route of 2019-nCov infection: a bioinformatics analysis based on single-cell transcriptomes. (2020-01-31)[2020-04-02]. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.01.30.927806.
16. Fan CB, Kai L. ACE2 expression in kidney and testis May cause kidney and testis damage after 2019-nCoV infection. (2020-02-13)[2020-04-02]. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.12.20022418.
17. To KKW, Tsang OTY, Leung WS, et al. Temporal profiles of viral load in posterior oropharyngeal saliva samples and serum antibody responses during infection by SARS-CoV-2: an observational cohort study. Lancet Infect Dis, 2020, 20(5): 565-574.
18. 國務院新聞辦公室. 國務院新聞辦公室2020年1月22日新聞發布會介紹新型冠狀病毒感染的肺炎防控工作有關情況.(2020-01-22)[2020-04-02]. http://www.nhc.gov.cn/xwzb/webcontroller.do?titleSeq=11208&gecstype=1.
19. Guan WJ, Ni ZY, Hu Y, et al. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med, 2020, 382(18): 1708-1720.
20. Wu ZY, McGoogan JM. Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72?314 cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. JAMA, 2020, 323(13): 1239-1242.
21. 陳韜, 陳廣, 郭威, 等. 新型冠狀病毒感染的肺炎診療快速指南(第三版). 醫藥導報, 2020, 39(03): 305-307.
22. 李太生, 曹瑋, 翁利, 等. 北京協和醫院關于"新型冠狀病毒感染的肺炎"診療建議方案(V2.0). 中華內科雜志, 2020(3): 186-188.
23. 趙建平, 胡軼, 杜榮輝, 等. 新型冠狀病毒肺炎糖皮質激素使用的建議. 中華結核和呼吸雜志, 2020, 43(3): 183-184.
24. Zhen L, Ming W, Jiwei Y, et al. Caution on Kidney Dysfunctions of COVID-19 Patients. (2020-03-27)[2020-04-02]. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.08.20021212.
25. Li GD, Clercq ED. Therapeutic options for the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Nat Rev Drug Discov, 2020, 19(3): 149-150.
26. Shen C, Wang ZQ, Zhao F, et al. Treatment of 5 critically ill patients with COVID-19 with convalescent plasma. JAMA, 2020, 323(16): 1582-1589.
27. 中國康復醫學會, 中國康復醫學會呼吸康復專委會. 2019 新型冠狀病毒肺炎呼吸康復指導意見(第二版). 中華結核和呼吸雜志, 2020, 43(04): 308-314.
28. 喻鵬銘, 何成奇, 高強, 等. 新型冠狀病毒肺炎患者全周期物理治療操作規范和建議. 中華物理醫學與康復雜志, 2020, 42(2): 102-104.
29. Jang MH, Shin MJ, Shin YB. Pulmonary and physical rehabilitation in critically ill patients. Acute Crit Care, 2019, 34(1): 1-13.
30. 趙小龍, 李茂琴, 許鐵. 急性呼吸窘迫綜合征機械通氣肺復張的研究進展. 中國全科醫學, 2010, 13(15): 1715-1718.
31. Fan E, Del Sorbo L, Goligher E C, et al. An official American Thoracic Society/European Society of Intensive Care Medicine/Society of Critical Care Medicine clinical practice guideline: mechanical ventilation in adult patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2017, 195(9): 1253-1263.
32. Kayambu G, Boots R, Paratz J. Physical therapy for the critically ill in the ICU: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Care Med, 2013, 41(6): 1543-1554.
33. Kho ME, Molloy AJ, Clarke FJ, et al. Multicentre pilot randomised clinical trial of early in-bed cycle ergometry with ventilated patients. BMJ Open Respir Res, 2019, 6(1): e000383.
34. Karatzanos E, Gerovasili V, Zervakis D, et al. Electrical muscle stimulation: an effective form of exercise and early mobilization to preserve muscle strength in critically ill patients. Crit Care Res Pract, 2012: 432752.
35. Bissett B, Leditschke IA, Green M, et al. Inspiratory muscle training for intensive care patients: a multidisciplinary practical guide for clinicians. Aust Crit Care, 2019, 32(3): 249-255.
36. 吳雨晨, 丁楠楠, 姜變通, 張志剛, 張彩云, 岳偉崗, 田金徽. 閾值負荷吸氣肌訓練對呼吸肌功能影響的Meta分析. 中國康復理論與實踐, 2019, 25(10): 1150-1161.
37. 應對新型冠狀病毒感染的肺炎疫情聯防聯控工作機制. 新型冠狀病毒感染的肺炎疫情緊急心理危機干預指導原則. (2020-01-27)[2020-04-02]. http://www.nhc.gov.cn/xcs/zhengcwj/202001/6adc08b966594253b2b791be5c3b9467.shtml.
38. 中華醫學會腸外腸內營養學分會. 關于新型冠狀病毒肺炎患者的醫學營養治療專家建議. 中華普通外科學文獻(電子版), 2020, 14(1): 1.
39. 中華醫學會腸外腸內營養學分會. 新型冠狀病毒肺炎重癥患者的腸內腸外營養治療專家建議. 中華醫學雜志, 2020, 100(12): 889-892.
40. 中華醫學會呼吸病學分會呼吸危重癥醫學學組, 中國醫師協會呼吸醫師分會危重癥醫學工作委員會. 成人重癥新型冠狀病毒肺炎患者氣道管理推薦意見(試行). 中華醫學雜志, 2020, 100(10): 729-737.

West China Medical Journal

Basic, clinical and rehabilitation of coronavirus disease 2019

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