Effect of virtual reality sham feeding on postoperative gastrointestinal function in elderly patients with hip fracture_West China Medical Journal

Authors：

DUAN Shanshan ¹ , LIU Changqing ² , ZHU Liyu ³ , CHEN Jia ¹ , YAN Siqi ¹ , LI Mingyang ¹ , WU Siyi ¹ ,  LI Ka ³

1. Trauma Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University / West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China;
2. Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University / West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China;
3. West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University / West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China;

Corresponding?author：

LI Ka, Email: lika127@126.com

Keywords：

Virtual reality; sham feeding; elderly patients with hip fracture; gastrointestinal function; impact

DOI：

10.7507/1002-0179.202501197

Video：

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Objective To investigate the effect of virtual reality (VR) sham feeding on gastrointestinal function in elderly patients with hip fracture. Methods Elderly patients with hip fracture admitted to Trauma Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University between June and December 2024 who met the case selection criteria were selected. Patients who were willing to complete the postoperative VR operation were assigned to the experimental group (VR group), and the other patients were assigned to the control group by 1∶1 manual interval matching according to sex, age (±5 years), and body mass index (±2 kg/m²). The control group received fasting and nutrition management strategy during perioperative period of accelerated rehabilitation. In the VR group, VR sham feeding intervention was performed on the basis of the control group. The time of first postoperative exhaust and defecation, postoperative gastrointestinal symptoms, postoperative nutrition (hemoglobin, serum albumin) and inflammatory indicators (white blood cell count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6), postoperative appetite and postoperative complications (bleeding, fever, delirium, aspiration, vertigo) were compared between the two groups. Results A total of 70 patients were enrolled, with 35 in each group. There were statistically significant differences (P<0.05) between the VR group and the control group in the time of postoperative first exhaust [(9.17±4.81) vs. (13.66±5.97) h], time of postoperative first defecation [(49.00±28.61) vs. (66.83±29.93) h], degree of abdominal distension 3 d after surgery (grade 0/1/2: 26/7/2 vs. 16/12/7 cases), appetite score 1 d after surgery (62.86±12.85 vs. 54.71±11.50), appetite score 3 d after surgery (76.29±9.95 vs. 62.43±8.86), albumin level 3 d after surgery [(33.18±3.41) vs. (31.40±3.07) g/L], and hospitalization days [(7.97±1.38) vs. (9.06±2.43) d], while there was no statistically significant difference in other indicators (P>0.05). Conclusions The incidence of postoperative gastrointestinal dysfunction is high in elderly patients with hip fracture. VR sham feeding can promote the early recovery of gastrointestinal function, alleviate postoperative abdominal distension, significantly improve postoperative appetite, and increase albumin level after surgery.

Citation： DUAN Shanshan, LIU Changqing, ZHU Liyu, CHEN Jia, YAN Siqi, LI Mingyang, WU Siyi, LI Ka. Effect of virtual reality sham feeding on postoperative gastrointestinal function in elderly patients with hip fracture. West China Medical Journal, 2025, 40(3): 432-438. doi: 10.7507/1002-0179.202501197 Copy

1.	中國老年醫學學會骨與關節分會創傷骨科學術工作委員會. 老年髖部骨折診療專家共識(2017). 中華創傷骨科雜志, 2017, 19(11): 921-927.
2.	白求恩公益基金會創傷骨科專業委員會, 中國康復醫學會骨質疏松預防與康復專業委員會, 中國老年醫學學會骨與關節分會創傷骨科學術工作委員會, 等. 老年髖部骨折的骨質疏松癥診療專家共識. 中華骨與關節外科雜志, 2021, 14(8): 657-663.
3.	唐佩福. 老年髖部骨折的診治現狀與進展. 中華創傷骨科雜志, 2020, 22(3): 197-199.
4.	Alexiou KI, Roushias A, Varitimidis SE, et al. Quality of life and psychological consequences in elderly patients after a hip fracture: a review. Clin Interv Aging, 2018, 13: 143-150.
5.	劉剛, 楊明輝, 張京, 等. 《老年髖部骨折診療與管理指南(2022 年版)》解讀. 骨科臨床與研究雜志, 2023, 8(2): 73-76.
6.	中華人民共和國國家衛生健康委員會. 老年髖部骨折診療與管理指南(2022 年版). 中國實用鄉村醫生雜志, 2023, 30(1): 11-18.
7.	何永琴, 黃陳, 馮筱青, 等. 谷氨酰胺對老年髖部骨折患者術后早期營養支持耐受性及炎癥反應的影響. 第三軍醫大學學報, 2021, 43(20): 2250-2254.
8.	袁金艷. 擇時吳茱萸穴位貼敷對老年髖部骨折患者術后胃腸功能影響的研究. 長沙: 湖南中醫藥大學, 2023.
9.	巫素青, 張偉, 侯明月. 視嗅覺刺激聯合早期進食對腹腔鏡膽囊切除術患者胃腸功能恢復的影響. 當代護士(下旬刊), 2018, 25(1): 57-59.
10.	Sammut R, Trapani J, Deguara J, et al. The effect of gum chewing on postoperative ileus in open colorectal surgery patients: a review. J Perioper Pract, 2021, 31(4): 132-139.
11.	Chen X, Chang C, Yuan X, et al. Efficacy and safety of preoperative chewing gum for undergoing elective surgery: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. J Clin Nurs, 2023, 32(15/16): 4295-4310.
12.	楊劍, 楊生虎, 張成強, 等. 假飼對腹部術后腸梗阻治療效果的研究進展. 中西醫結合心血管病電子雜志, 2020, 8(31): 31-32.
13.	楊秋, 劉美連, 邰明霞, 等. 虛擬現實技術在國內外護理領域中應用的研究進展. 護士進修雜志, 2023, 38(7): 620-623, 635.
14.	Hu Y, Yuan X, Ye P, et al. Virtual reality in clinical nursing practice over the past 10 years: umbrella review of meta-analyses. JMIR Serious Games, 2023, 11: e52022.
15.	李卡, 袁星竹, 胡艷杰, 等. 一款集成視聽嗅覺虛擬現實假飼裝置的研發設計. 四川大學學報(醫學版), 2023, 54(4): 792-797.
16.	中國醫療保健國際交流促進會加速康復外科學分會創傷骨科學組. 創傷骨科圍術期禁食水管理專家共識. 中華創傷骨科雜志, 2018, 20(9): 737-742.
17.	Zhu Y, Blundell JE, Holschuh NM, et al. Validation of a mobile App-based visual analog scale for appetite measurement in the real world: a randomized digital clinical trial. Nutrients, 2023, 15(2): 304.
18.	Flint A, Raben A, Blundell JE, et al. Reproducibility, power and validity of visual analogue scales in assessment of appetite sensations in single test meal studies. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 2000, 24(1): 38-48.
19.	李艷平, 姚靜松, 張立宏. 耳穴貼壓對慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者無創通氣后并發腹脹的療效觀察. 醫學綜述, 2021, 27(4): 829-833.
20.	Aziz I, Whitehead WE, Palsson OS, et al. An approach to the diagnosis and management of Rome IV functional disorders of chronic constipation. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2020, 14(1): 39-46.
21.	宋咪, 孔丹, 高遠, 等. 老年髖部骨折圍術期護理臨床實踐專家共識(2023 版). 中華創傷雜志, 2023, 39(3): 214-222.
22.	Inouye SK, van Dyck CH, Alessi CA, et al. Clarifying confusion: the confusion assessment method. A new method for detection of delirium. Ann Intern Med, 1990, 113(12): 941-948.
23.	Lin CJ, Su IC, Huang SW, et al. Delirium assessment tools among hospitalized older adults: a systematic review and metaanalysis of diagnostic accuracy. Ageing Res Rev, 2023, 90: 102025.
24.	易松, 馬士輝, 王貴梅, 等. 益氣健脾活血法在老年髖部骨折圍手術期并發胃腸功能紊亂中的預防價值分析. 四川中醫, 2023, 41(7): 131-135.
25.	Cha YH, Nam DC, Song SY, et al. A prospective randomized controlled trial to evaluate effect of chewing gum on postoperative ileus in elderly patient after hip fracture. Medicine, 2021, 100(13): e25321.
26.	郭亞麗. 六字訣聯合耳穴貼壓預防老年髖部骨折患者術后便秘的效果觀察. 福州: 福建中醫藥大學, 2022.
27.	Celik B, Bilik ?. Postoperative constipation incidence and effects of selected risk factors on constipation development in elderly patients with hip fracture. Orthop Nurs, 2022, 41(6): 397-405.
28.	Trads M, Pedersen PU. Constipation and defecation pattern the first 30 days after hip fracture. Int J Nurs Pract, 2015, 21(5): 598-604.
29.	文曹麗, 賈傘傘, 李海婷. 穴位貼敷防治髖部骨折患者術后惡心嘔吐的效果觀察. 中國當代醫藥, 2020, 27(32): 145-148.
30.	高蘭. 艾盒灸預防老年全髖關節置換術后氣虛血瘀型患者腹脹、便秘及尿潴留的效果觀察. 濟南: 山東中醫藥大學, 2019.
31.	李強, 陳坤福. 加味增液承氣湯對中老年髖部骨折圍手術期并發腹脹、便秘臨床觀察. 中國醫藥科學, 2023, 13(11): 100-103.
32.	孟麗敏, 李衛, 劉偉, 等. 中老年功能性便秘患者癥狀與生活質量的相關性. 中國老年學雜志, 2017, 37(7): 1754-1756.
33.	Ikeda A, Miyamoto J J, Usui N, et al. Chewing stimulation reduces appetite ratings and attentional bias toward visual food stimuli in healthy-weight individuals. Front Psychol, 2018, 9: 99.
34.	Jiménez-Ten Hoevel C, Llauradó E, Valls RM, et al. Effects of chewing gum on satiety, appetite regulation, energy intake, and weight loss: a systematic review. Nutrients, 2025, 17(3): 435.
35.	許志娟. 視嗅覺刺激聯合早期進食對腹腔鏡膽囊切除術患者胃腸功能的研究. 石家莊: 河北醫科大學, 2015.
36.	Janet R, Fournel A, Fouillen M, et al. Cognitive and hormonal regulation of appetite for food presented in the olfactory and visual modalities. Neuroimage, 2021, 230: 117811.
37.	Savva A, Dijkman R, Bulik CM, et al. Behavioral separation of liking and wanting in response to olfactory and visual food cues. Appetite, 2025, 204: 107717.

1. 中國老年醫學學會骨與關節分會創傷骨科學術工作委員會. 老年髖部骨折診療專家共識(2017). 中華創傷骨科雜志, 2017, 19(11): 921-927.
2. 白求恩公益基金會創傷骨科專業委員會, 中國康復醫學會骨質疏松預防與康復專業委員會, 中國老年醫學學會骨與關節分會創傷骨科學術工作委員會, 等. 老年髖部骨折的骨質疏松癥診療專家共識. 中華骨與關節外科雜志, 2021, 14(8): 657-663.
3. 唐佩福. 老年髖部骨折的診治現狀與進展. 中華創傷骨科雜志, 2020, 22(3): 197-199.
4. Alexiou KI, Roushias A, Varitimidis SE, et al. Quality of life and psychological consequences in elderly patients after a hip fracture: a review. Clin Interv Aging, 2018, 13: 143-150.
5. 劉剛, 楊明輝, 張京, 等. 《老年髖部骨折診療與管理指南(2022 年版)》解讀. 骨科臨床與研究雜志, 2023, 8(2): 73-76.
6. 中華人民共和國國家衛生健康委員會. 老年髖部骨折診療與管理指南(2022 年版). 中國實用鄉村醫生雜志, 2023, 30(1): 11-18.
7. 何永琴, 黃陳, 馮筱青, 等. 谷氨酰胺對老年髖部骨折患者術后早期營養支持耐受性及炎癥反應的影響. 第三軍醫大學學報, 2021, 43(20): 2250-2254.
8. 袁金艷. 擇時吳茱萸穴位貼敷對老年髖部骨折患者術后胃腸功能影響的研究. 長沙: 湖南中醫藥大學, 2023.
9. 巫素青, 張偉, 侯明月. 視嗅覺刺激聯合早期進食對腹腔鏡膽囊切除術患者胃腸功能恢復的影響. 當代護士(下旬刊), 2018, 25(1): 57-59.
10. Sammut R, Trapani J, Deguara J, et al. The effect of gum chewing on postoperative ileus in open colorectal surgery patients: a review. J Perioper Pract, 2021, 31(4): 132-139.
11. Chen X, Chang C, Yuan X, et al. Efficacy and safety of preoperative chewing gum for undergoing elective surgery: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. J Clin Nurs, 2023, 32(15/16): 4295-4310.
12. 楊劍, 楊生虎, 張成強, 等. 假飼對腹部術后腸梗阻治療效果的研究進展. 中西醫結合心血管病電子雜志, 2020, 8(31): 31-32.
13. 楊秋, 劉美連, 邰明霞, 等. 虛擬現實技術在國內外護理領域中應用的研究進展. 護士進修雜志, 2023, 38(7): 620-623, 635.
14. Hu Y, Yuan X, Ye P, et al. Virtual reality in clinical nursing practice over the past 10 years: umbrella review of meta-analyses. JMIR Serious Games, 2023, 11: e52022.
15. 李卡, 袁星竹, 胡艷杰, 等. 一款集成視聽嗅覺虛擬現實假飼裝置的研發設計. 四川大學學報(醫學版), 2023, 54(4): 792-797.
16. 中國醫療保健國際交流促進會加速康復外科學分會創傷骨科學組. 創傷骨科圍術期禁食水管理專家共識. 中華創傷骨科雜志, 2018, 20(9): 737-742.
17. Zhu Y, Blundell JE, Holschuh NM, et al. Validation of a mobile App-based visual analog scale for appetite measurement in the real world: a randomized digital clinical trial. Nutrients, 2023, 15(2): 304.
18. Flint A, Raben A, Blundell JE, et al. Reproducibility, power and validity of visual analogue scales in assessment of appetite sensations in single test meal studies. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 2000, 24(1): 38-48.
19. 李艷平, 姚靜松, 張立宏. 耳穴貼壓對慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者無創通氣后并發腹脹的療效觀察. 醫學綜述, 2021, 27(4): 829-833.
20. Aziz I, Whitehead WE, Palsson OS, et al. An approach to the diagnosis and management of Rome IV functional disorders of chronic constipation. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2020, 14(1): 39-46.
21. 宋咪, 孔丹, 高遠, 等. 老年髖部骨折圍術期護理臨床實踐專家共識(2023 版). 中華創傷雜志, 2023, 39(3): 214-222.
22. Inouye SK, van Dyck CH, Alessi CA, et al. Clarifying confusion: the confusion assessment method. A new method for detection of delirium. Ann Intern Med, 1990, 113(12): 941-948.
23. Lin CJ, Su IC, Huang SW, et al. Delirium assessment tools among hospitalized older adults: a systematic review and metaanalysis of diagnostic accuracy. Ageing Res Rev, 2023, 90: 102025.
24. 易松, 馬士輝, 王貴梅, 等. 益氣健脾活血法在老年髖部骨折圍手術期并發胃腸功能紊亂中的預防價值分析. 四川中醫, 2023, 41(7): 131-135.
25. Cha YH, Nam DC, Song SY, et al. A prospective randomized controlled trial to evaluate effect of chewing gum on postoperative ileus in elderly patient after hip fracture. Medicine, 2021, 100(13): e25321.
26. 郭亞麗. 六字訣聯合耳穴貼壓預防老年髖部骨折患者術后便秘的效果觀察. 福州: 福建中醫藥大學, 2022.
27. Celik B, Bilik ?. Postoperative constipation incidence and effects of selected risk factors on constipation development in elderly patients with hip fracture. Orthop Nurs, 2022, 41(6): 397-405.
28. Trads M, Pedersen PU. Constipation and defecation pattern the first 30 days after hip fracture. Int J Nurs Pract, 2015, 21(5): 598-604.
29. 文曹麗, 賈傘傘, 李海婷. 穴位貼敷防治髖部骨折患者術后惡心嘔吐的效果觀察. 中國當代醫藥, 2020, 27(32): 145-148.
30. 高蘭. 艾盒灸預防老年全髖關節置換術后氣虛血瘀型患者腹脹、便秘及尿潴留的效果觀察. 濟南: 山東中醫藥大學, 2019.
31. 李強, 陳坤福. 加味增液承氣湯對中老年髖部骨折圍手術期并發腹脹、便秘臨床觀察. 中國醫藥科學, 2023, 13(11): 100-103.
32. 孟麗敏, 李衛, 劉偉, 等. 中老年功能性便秘患者癥狀與生活質量的相關性. 中國老年學雜志, 2017, 37(7): 1754-1756.
33. Ikeda A, Miyamoto J J, Usui N, et al. Chewing stimulation reduces appetite ratings and attentional bias toward visual food stimuli in healthy-weight individuals. Front Psychol, 2018, 9: 99.
34. Jiménez-Ten Hoevel C, Llauradó E, Valls RM, et al. Effects of chewing gum on satiety, appetite regulation, energy intake, and weight loss: a systematic review. Nutrients, 2025, 17(3): 435.
35. 許志娟. 視嗅覺刺激聯合早期進食對腹腔鏡膽囊切除術患者胃腸功能的研究. 石家莊: 河北醫科大學, 2015.
36. Janet R, Fournel A, Fouillen M, et al. Cognitive and hormonal regulation of appetite for food presented in the olfactory and visual modalities. Neuroimage, 2021, 230: 117811.
37. Savva A, Dijkman R, Bulik CM, et al. Behavioral separation of liking and wanting in response to olfactory and visual food cues. Appetite, 2025, 204: 107717.

West China Medical Journal

Effect of virtual reality sham feeding on postoperative gastrointestinal function in elderly patients with hip fracture

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