Research progress on sleeve gastrectomy for obesity-related diseases_West China Medical Journal

Authors：

MAIMAITI Yisireyili ^1,2,3 , YUSUJIANG Tusuntuoheti ^1,3 , AIKEBAI’ER Aili ^1,3 , ABABOKELI Wusiman ^1,3 , WANG Yongkang ² , AISHANJIANG Yusufujiang ² , SHEN Zhirang ² ,  KELIMU Abudureyimu ^1,3

1. Research Institute of General and Minimally Invasive Surgery, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830001, P. R. China;
2. Department of Education, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830001, P. R. China;
3. Clinical Research Center for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Weight Loss Metabolic Surgery, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830001, P. R. China;

Corresponding?author：

KELIMU Abudureyimu, Email: kelimu6075@sina.com

Keywords：

Sleeve gastrectomy; obesity; obesity-related diseases; mechanism

DOI：

10.7507/1002-0179.202505014

Video：

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Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Sleeve gastrectomy (SG), as the most commonly used weight-loss procedure, not only reduces body weight but also significantly improves obesity-related diseases. This article reviews the research progress of SG for obesity-related diseases, with a focus on analyzing its therapeutic effects and potential mechanisms for conditions such as type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, and polycystic ovary syndrome. Additionally, it discusses the issue of weight regain and long-term efficacy after SG, aiming to provide clinicians and researchers with references for the comprehensive treatment of obesity and related diseases through SG.

Citation： MAIMAITI Yisireyili, YUSUJIANG Tusuntuoheti, AIKEBAI’ER Aili, ABABOKELI Wusiman, WANG Yongkang, AISHANJIANG Yusufujiang, SHEN Zhirang, KELIMU Abudureyimu. Research progress on sleeve gastrectomy for obesity-related diseases. West China Medical Journal, 2026, 41(3): 515-519. doi: 10.7507/1002-0179.202505014 Copy

1.	World Health Organization. Obesity and overweight. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2025.
2.	Després JP, Lemieux I. Abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome. Nature, 2006, 444(7121): 881-887.
3.	中國醫師協會外科醫師分會肥胖和代謝病外科專家工作組, 中國醫師協會外科醫師分會肥胖代謝外科綜合管理專家工作組, 中國肥胖代謝外科研究協作組. 中國肥胖代謝外科數據庫: 2023 年度報告. 中華肥胖與代謝病電子雜志, 2024, 10(2): 73-83.
4.	Vigneshwaran B, Wahal A, Aggarwal S, et al. Impact of sleeve gastrectomy on type 2 diabetes mellitus, gastric emptying time, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), ghrelin and leptin in non-morbidly obese subjects with BMI 30-35.0 kg/m²: a prospective study. Obes Surg, 2016, 26(12): 2817-2823.
5.	Brajcich BC, Hungness ES. Sleeve Gastrectomy, JAMA, 2020, 324(9): 908.
6.	Huang R, Ding X, Fu H, et al. Potential mechanisms of sleeve gastrectomy for reducing weight and improving metabolism in patients with obesity. Surg Obes Relat Dis, 2019, 15(10): 1861-1871.
7.	Gumbs AA, Gagner M, Dakin G, et al. Sleeve gastrectomy for morbid obesity. Obes Surg, 2007, 17(7): 962-969.
8.	中華醫學會外科學分會甲狀腺及代謝外科學組, 中國醫師協會外科醫師分會肥胖和代謝病外科專家工作組, 劉金鋼, 等. 中國肥胖及代謝疾病外科治療指南(2024 版). 中國實用外科雜志, 2024, 44(8): 841-849.
9.	Alexandrou A, Athanasiou A, Michalinos A, et al. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy for morbid obesity: 5-year results. Am J Surg, 2015, 209(2): 230-234.
10.	Guraya SY, Strate T. Effectiveness of laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy for morbid obesity in achieving weight loss outcomes. Int J Surg, 2019, 70: 35-43.
11.	Han Y, Jia Y, Wang H, et al. Comparative analysis of weight loss and resolution of comorbidities between laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: a systematic review and meta-analysis based on 18 studies. Int J Surg, 2020, 76: 101-110.
12.	McCarty TR, Jirapinyo P, Thompson CC. Effect of sleeve gastrectomy on ghrelin, GLP-1, PYY, and GIP gut hormones: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Surg, 2020, 272(1): 72-80.
13.	Kojima M, Hosoda H, Date Y, et al. Ghrelin is a growth-hormone-releasing acylated peptide from stomach. Nature, 1999, 402(6762): 656-660.
14.	Sharma G, Nain PS, Sethi P, et al. Plasma ghrelin levels after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy in obese individuals. Indian J Med Res, 2019, 149(4): 544-547.
15.	Li X, Aili A, Aipire A, et al. Correlation analysis between the changes in plasma ghrelin level and weight loss after sleeve gastrectomy combined with fundoplication. BMC Surg, 2024, 24(1): 176.
16.	Lauti M, Kularatna M, Hill AG, et al. Weight regain following sleeve gastrectomy-a systematic review. Obes Surg, 2016, 26(6): 1326-1334.
17.	Cohen RV, Petry TB. How to address weight regain after bariatric surgery in an individualized way. Rev Endocr Metab Disord, 2023, 24(5): 993-1002.
18.	Kahn SE, Hull RL, Utzschneider KM. Mechanisms linking obesity to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Nature, 2006, 444(7121): 840-846.
19.	Boutari C, DeMarsilis A, Mantzoros CS. Obesity and diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract, 2023, 202: 110773.
20.	Pories WJ, MacDonald KG Jr, Flickinger EG, et al. Is type II diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) a surgical disease?. Ann Surg, 1992, 215(6): 633-643.
21.	Gill RS, Birch DW, Shi X, et al. Sleeve gastrectomy and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review. Surg Obes Relat Dis, 2010, 6(6): 707-713.
22.	Sakran N, Soifer K, Hod K, et al. Long-term reported outcomes following primary laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. Obes Surg, 2023, 33(1): 117-128.
23.	McGlone ER, Carey I, Veli?kovi? V, et al. Bariatric surgery for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus requiring insulin: clinical outcome and cost-effectiveness analyses. PLoS Med, 2020, 17(12): e1003228.
24.	Yip S, Plank LD, Murphy R. Gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy for type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of outcomes. Obes Surg, 2013, 23(12): 1994-2003.
25.	Petrov MS, Taylor R. Intra-pancreatic fat deposition: bringing hidden fat to the fore. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2022, 19(3): 153-168.
26.	Wang L, Shi C, Yan H, et al. Acute effects of sleeve gastrectomy on glucose variability, glucose metabolism, and ghrelin response. Obes Surg, 2021, 31(9): 4005-4014.
27.	Nussbaumerova B, Rosolova H. Obesity and dyslipidemia. Curr Atheroscler Rep, 2023, 25(12): 947-955.
28.	Vekic J, Zeljkovic A, Stefanovic A, et al. Obesity and dyslipidemia. Metabolism, 2019, 92: 71-81.
29.	Hotamisligil GS. Inflammation, metaflammation and immunometabolic disorders. Nature, 2017, 542(7640): 177-185.
30.	Benaiges D, Goday A, Casajoana A, et al. Short-term effects of gastric bypass versus sleeve gastrectomy on high LDL cholesterol: the BASALTO randomized clinical trial. Cardiovasc Diabetol, 2024, 23(1): 205.
31.	Liu C, Xu Q, Dong S, et al. New mechanistic insights of anti-obesity by sleeve gastrectomy-altered gut microbiota and lipid metabolism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne), 2024, 15: 1338147.
32.	Al Khalifa K, Al Ansari A, Alsayed AR, et al. The impact of sleeve gastrectomy on hyperlipidemia: a systematic review. J Obes, 2013, 2013: 643530.
33.	Vigilante A, Signorini F, Marani M, et al. Impact on dyslipidemia after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. Obes Surg, 2018, 28(10): 3111-3115.
34.	Kumar S, Lau R, Palaia T, et al. Selective beneficial cardiometabolic effects of vertical sleeve gastrectomy are predominantly mediated through glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) in Zucker diabetic fatty rats. Ann Med Surg (Lond), 2016, 12: 65-74.
35.	Zeng R, Zeng Y, Wang Q, et al. Sleeve gastrectomy decreased hepatic lipid accumulation by inducing autophagy via AMPK/mTOR pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2023, 653: 115-125.
36.	Landsberg L, Aronne LJ, Beilin LJ, et al. Obesity-related hypertension: pathogenesis, cardiovascular risk, and treatment: a position paper of the Obesity Society and the American Society of Hypertension. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich), 2013, 15(1): 14-33.
37.	Seravalle G, Grassi G. Obesity and hypertension. Pharmacol Res, 2017, 122: 1-7.
38.	Lee Y, Doumouras AG, Yu J, et al. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy versus laparoscopic roux-en-y gastric bypass: a systematic review and meta-analysis of weight loss, comorbidities, and biochemical outcomes from randomized controlled trials. Ann Surg, 2021, 273(1): 66-74.
39.	Sarkhosh K, Birch DW, Shi X, et al. The impact of sleeve gastrectomy on hypertension: a systematic review. Obes Surg, 2012, 22(5): 832-837.
40.	Owen JG, Yazdi F, Reisin E. Bariatric surgery and hypertension. Am J Hypertens, 2017, 31(1): 11-17.
41.	Peppard PE, Young T, Barnet JH, et al. Increased prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing in adults. Am J Epidemiol, 2013, 177(9): 1006-1014.
42.	Mitra AK, Bhuiyan AR, Jones EA. Association and risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea and cardiovascular diseases: a systematic review. Diseases, 2021, 9(4): 88.
43.	Li Y, Miao Y, Tan J, et al. Association of modifiable risk factors with obstructive sleep apnea: a Mendelian randomization study. Aging (Albany NY), 2023, 15(23): 14039-14065.
44.	李京蔓, 房寧, 汪欣. 孟德爾隨機化及其在阻塞性睡眠呼吸暫停綜合征研究中的應用進展. 中華耳鼻咽喉頭頸外科雜志, 2024, 59(7): 774-781.
45.	Muscogiuri G, Barrea L, Annunziata G, et al. Obesity and sleep disturbance: the chicken or the egg?. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr, 2019, 59(13): 2158-2165.
46.	Young T, Skatrud J, Peppard PE. Risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea in adults. JAMA, 2004, 291(16): 2013-2016.
47.	Tirado R, Masdeu MJ, Vigil L, et al. Impact of bariatric surgery on heme oxygenase-1, inflammation, and insulin resistance in morbid obesity with obstructive sleep apnea. Obes Surg, 2017, 27(9): 2338-2346.
48.	Del Genio G, Limongelli P, Del Genio F, et al. Sleeve gastrectomy improves obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS): 5 year longitudinal study. Surg Obes Relat Dis, 2016, 12(1): 70-74.
49.	W?lnerhanssen BK, Peterli R, Hurme S, et al. Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass versus laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy: 5-year outcomes of merged data from two randomized clinical trials (SLEEVEPASS and SM-BOSS). Br J Surg, 2021, 108(1): 49-57.
50.	Li X, He J. The association between serum/plasma leptin levels and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: a meta-analysis and meta-regression. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne), 2021, 12: 696418.
51.	Calcaterra V, Rossi V, Massini G, et al. Probiotics and polycystic ovary syndrome: a perspective for management in adolescents with obesity. Nutrients, 2023, 15(14): 3144.
52.	Rachoń D, Teede H. Ovarian function and obesity--interrelationship, impact on women’s reproductive lifespan and treatment options. Mol Cell Endocrinol, 2010, 316(2): 172-179.
53.	Jungheim ES, Moley KH. Current knowledge of obesity’s effects in the pre- and periconceptional periods and avenues for future research. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 2010, 203(6): 525-530.
54.	Hu L, Ma L, Xia X, et al. Efficacy of bariatric surgery in the treatment of women with obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2022, 107(8): e3217-e3229.
55.	Samarasinghe SNS, Leca B, Alabdulkader S, et al. Bariatric surgery for spontaneous ovulation in women living with polycystic ovary syndrome: the BAMBINI multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled trial. Lancet, 2024, 403(10443): 2489-2503.
56.	Luo P, Su Z, Li P, et al. Effects of sleeve gastrectomy on patients with obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome: a meta-analysis. Obes Surg, 2023, 33(8): 2335-2341.

1. World Health Organization. Obesity and overweight. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2025.
2. Després JP, Lemieux I. Abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome. Nature, 2006, 444(7121): 881-887.
3. 中國醫師協會外科醫師分會肥胖和代謝病外科專家工作組, 中國醫師協會外科醫師分會肥胖代謝外科綜合管理專家工作組, 中國肥胖代謝外科研究協作組. 中國肥胖代謝外科數據庫: 2023 年度報告. 中華肥胖與代謝病電子雜志, 2024, 10(2): 73-83.
4. Vigneshwaran B, Wahal A, Aggarwal S, et al. Impact of sleeve gastrectomy on type 2 diabetes mellitus, gastric emptying time, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), ghrelin and leptin in non-morbidly obese subjects with BMI 30-35.0 kg/m²: a prospective study. Obes Surg, 2016, 26(12): 2817-2823.
5. Brajcich BC, Hungness ES. Sleeve Gastrectomy, JAMA, 2020, 324(9): 908.
6. Huang R, Ding X, Fu H, et al. Potential mechanisms of sleeve gastrectomy for reducing weight and improving metabolism in patients with obesity. Surg Obes Relat Dis, 2019, 15(10): 1861-1871.
7. Gumbs AA, Gagner M, Dakin G, et al. Sleeve gastrectomy for morbid obesity. Obes Surg, 2007, 17(7): 962-969.
8. 中華醫學會外科學分會甲狀腺及代謝外科學組, 中國醫師協會外科醫師分會肥胖和代謝病外科專家工作組, 劉金鋼, 等. 中國肥胖及代謝疾病外科治療指南(2024 版). 中國實用外科雜志, 2024, 44(8): 841-849.
9. Alexandrou A, Athanasiou A, Michalinos A, et al. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy for morbid obesity: 5-year results. Am J Surg, 2015, 209(2): 230-234.
10. Guraya SY, Strate T. Effectiveness of laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy for morbid obesity in achieving weight loss outcomes. Int J Surg, 2019, 70: 35-43.
11. Han Y, Jia Y, Wang H, et al. Comparative analysis of weight loss and resolution of comorbidities between laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: a systematic review and meta-analysis based on 18 studies. Int J Surg, 2020, 76: 101-110.
12. McCarty TR, Jirapinyo P, Thompson CC. Effect of sleeve gastrectomy on ghrelin, GLP-1, PYY, and GIP gut hormones: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Surg, 2020, 272(1): 72-80.
13. Kojima M, Hosoda H, Date Y, et al. Ghrelin is a growth-hormone-releasing acylated peptide from stomach. Nature, 1999, 402(6762): 656-660.
14. Sharma G, Nain PS, Sethi P, et al. Plasma ghrelin levels after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy in obese individuals. Indian J Med Res, 2019, 149(4): 544-547.
15. Li X, Aili A, Aipire A, et al. Correlation analysis between the changes in plasma ghrelin level and weight loss after sleeve gastrectomy combined with fundoplication. BMC Surg, 2024, 24(1): 176.
16. Lauti M, Kularatna M, Hill AG, et al. Weight regain following sleeve gastrectomy-a systematic review. Obes Surg, 2016, 26(6): 1326-1334.
17. Cohen RV, Petry TB. How to address weight regain after bariatric surgery in an individualized way. Rev Endocr Metab Disord, 2023, 24(5): 993-1002.
18. Kahn SE, Hull RL, Utzschneider KM. Mechanisms linking obesity to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Nature, 2006, 444(7121): 840-846.
19. Boutari C, DeMarsilis A, Mantzoros CS. Obesity and diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract, 2023, 202: 110773.
20. Pories WJ, MacDonald KG Jr, Flickinger EG, et al. Is type II diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) a surgical disease?. Ann Surg, 1992, 215(6): 633-643.
21. Gill RS, Birch DW, Shi X, et al. Sleeve gastrectomy and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review. Surg Obes Relat Dis, 2010, 6(6): 707-713.
22. Sakran N, Soifer K, Hod K, et al. Long-term reported outcomes following primary laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. Obes Surg, 2023, 33(1): 117-128.
23. McGlone ER, Carey I, Veli?kovi? V, et al. Bariatric surgery for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus requiring insulin: clinical outcome and cost-effectiveness analyses. PLoS Med, 2020, 17(12): e1003228.
24. Yip S, Plank LD, Murphy R. Gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy for type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of outcomes. Obes Surg, 2013, 23(12): 1994-2003.
25. Petrov MS, Taylor R. Intra-pancreatic fat deposition: bringing hidden fat to the fore. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2022, 19(3): 153-168.
26. Wang L, Shi C, Yan H, et al. Acute effects of sleeve gastrectomy on glucose variability, glucose metabolism, and ghrelin response. Obes Surg, 2021, 31(9): 4005-4014.
27. Nussbaumerova B, Rosolova H. Obesity and dyslipidemia. Curr Atheroscler Rep, 2023, 25(12): 947-955.
28. Vekic J, Zeljkovic A, Stefanovic A, et al. Obesity and dyslipidemia. Metabolism, 2019, 92: 71-81.
29. Hotamisligil GS. Inflammation, metaflammation and immunometabolic disorders. Nature, 2017, 542(7640): 177-185.
30. Benaiges D, Goday A, Casajoana A, et al. Short-term effects of gastric bypass versus sleeve gastrectomy on high LDL cholesterol: the BASALTO randomized clinical trial. Cardiovasc Diabetol, 2024, 23(1): 205.
31. Liu C, Xu Q, Dong S, et al. New mechanistic insights of anti-obesity by sleeve gastrectomy-altered gut microbiota and lipid metabolism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne), 2024, 15: 1338147.
32. Al Khalifa K, Al Ansari A, Alsayed AR, et al. The impact of sleeve gastrectomy on hyperlipidemia: a systematic review. J Obes, 2013, 2013: 643530.
33. Vigilante A, Signorini F, Marani M, et al. Impact on dyslipidemia after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. Obes Surg, 2018, 28(10): 3111-3115.
34. Kumar S, Lau R, Palaia T, et al. Selective beneficial cardiometabolic effects of vertical sleeve gastrectomy are predominantly mediated through glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) in Zucker diabetic fatty rats. Ann Med Surg (Lond), 2016, 12: 65-74.
35. Zeng R, Zeng Y, Wang Q, et al. Sleeve gastrectomy decreased hepatic lipid accumulation by inducing autophagy via AMPK/mTOR pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2023, 653: 115-125.
36. Landsberg L, Aronne LJ, Beilin LJ, et al. Obesity-related hypertension: pathogenesis, cardiovascular risk, and treatment: a position paper of the Obesity Society and the American Society of Hypertension. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich), 2013, 15(1): 14-33.
37. Seravalle G, Grassi G. Obesity and hypertension. Pharmacol Res, 2017, 122: 1-7.
38. Lee Y, Doumouras AG, Yu J, et al. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy versus laparoscopic roux-en-y gastric bypass: a systematic review and meta-analysis of weight loss, comorbidities, and biochemical outcomes from randomized controlled trials. Ann Surg, 2021, 273(1): 66-74.
39. Sarkhosh K, Birch DW, Shi X, et al. The impact of sleeve gastrectomy on hypertension: a systematic review. Obes Surg, 2012, 22(5): 832-837.
40. Owen JG, Yazdi F, Reisin E. Bariatric surgery and hypertension. Am J Hypertens, 2017, 31(1): 11-17.
41. Peppard PE, Young T, Barnet JH, et al. Increased prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing in adults. Am J Epidemiol, 2013, 177(9): 1006-1014.
42. Mitra AK, Bhuiyan AR, Jones EA. Association and risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea and cardiovascular diseases: a systematic review. Diseases, 2021, 9(4): 88.
43. Li Y, Miao Y, Tan J, et al. Association of modifiable risk factors with obstructive sleep apnea: a Mendelian randomization study. Aging (Albany NY), 2023, 15(23): 14039-14065.
44. 李京蔓, 房寧, 汪欣. 孟德爾隨機化及其在阻塞性睡眠呼吸暫停綜合征研究中的應用進展. 中華耳鼻咽喉頭頸外科雜志, 2024, 59(7): 774-781.
45. Muscogiuri G, Barrea L, Annunziata G, et al. Obesity and sleep disturbance: the chicken or the egg?. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr, 2019, 59(13): 2158-2165.
46. Young T, Skatrud J, Peppard PE. Risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea in adults. JAMA, 2004, 291(16): 2013-2016.
47. Tirado R, Masdeu MJ, Vigil L, et al. Impact of bariatric surgery on heme oxygenase-1, inflammation, and insulin resistance in morbid obesity with obstructive sleep apnea. Obes Surg, 2017, 27(9): 2338-2346.
48. Del Genio G, Limongelli P, Del Genio F, et al. Sleeve gastrectomy improves obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS): 5 year longitudinal study. Surg Obes Relat Dis, 2016, 12(1): 70-74.
49. W?lnerhanssen BK, Peterli R, Hurme S, et al. Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass versus laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy: 5-year outcomes of merged data from two randomized clinical trials (SLEEVEPASS and SM-BOSS). Br J Surg, 2021, 108(1): 49-57.
50. Li X, He J. The association between serum/plasma leptin levels and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: a meta-analysis and meta-regression. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne), 2021, 12: 696418.
51. Calcaterra V, Rossi V, Massini G, et al. Probiotics and polycystic ovary syndrome: a perspective for management in adolescents with obesity. Nutrients, 2023, 15(14): 3144.
52. Rachoń D, Teede H. Ovarian function and obesity--interrelationship, impact on women’s reproductive lifespan and treatment options. Mol Cell Endocrinol, 2010, 316(2): 172-179.
53. Jungheim ES, Moley KH. Current knowledge of obesity’s effects in the pre- and periconceptional periods and avenues for future research. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 2010, 203(6): 525-530.
54. Hu L, Ma L, Xia X, et al. Efficacy of bariatric surgery in the treatment of women with obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2022, 107(8): e3217-e3229.
55. Samarasinghe SNS, Leca B, Alabdulkader S, et al. Bariatric surgery for spontaneous ovulation in women living with polycystic ovary syndrome: the BAMBINI multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled trial. Lancet, 2024, 403(10443): 2489-2503.
56. Luo P, Su Z, Li P, et al. Effects of sleeve gastrectomy on patients with obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome: a meta-analysis. Obes Surg, 2023, 33(8): 2335-2341.

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