Application of X-ray fluoroscopy-based 3D visualization in teaching cerebrovascular diseases anatomy_West China Medical Journal

Authors：

BAI Xiaoyi ^1,2 , SHAN Xinyu ² , DENG Kai ¹ ,  WANG Jin ¹

1. Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China;
2. West China Clinical Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China;

Corresponding?author：

WANG Jin, Email: wangjin8240@wchscu.cn

Keywords：

3D technology; anatomy; clinical medicine; education

DOI：

10.7507/1002-0179.202508111

Video：

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Objective To evaluate the application value of X-ray fluoroscopy-based 3D visualization in cerebrovascular anatomy learning for clinical medical students. Methods Undergraduate students majoring in clinical medicine from the West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, were enrolled between June and August 2025. Using a random number table method, the enrolled students were divided into an experimental group and a control group. From cerebrovascular angiography images, two images with a 3° separation angle were selected and synthesized into left-right 3D images for the experimental group, while identical images were merged into left-right planar images for the control group. After standardized classroom instruction, the experimental group viewed the 3D images, while the control group observed the planar images. The two groups were compared regarding their evaluations of image quality, image-reading time, and accuracy in identifying cerebrovascular lesions. Results A total of 42 students were included, with 21 in each group. There were no statistically significant differences in age or gender between the two groups (P>0.05). The total image-reading time in the experimental group was significantly shorter than that in the control group [(279.95±66.14) vs. (407.24±149.67) s, P=0.001], and the lesion identification accuracy was higher in the experimental group [(0.96±0.06)% vs. (0.88±0.14)%, P=0.022]. Moreover, subjective evaluations regarding image stereopsis and perceived difficulty in lesion identification were significantly better in the experimental group (P＜0.001). Conclusions The application of X-ray fluoroscopy-based 3D visualization significantly improves the learning outcomes of cerebrovascular diseases among clinical medical students.

1.	周立新, 譚穎, 韓菲, 等. 以勝任力為導向的神經內科住院醫師培訓體系的構建和探索. 協和醫學雜志, 2024, 15(4): 973-980.
2.	神斌, 張慶橋. 3D 打印技術聯合 CBL 教學法在布加綜合征介入治療教學中的應用. 中國繼續醫學教育, 2023, 15(21): 76-80.
3.	張俊兄, 金珊珊, 王正梅. 3D body 解剖軟件用于解剖學護理實習生帶教的價值. 解剖學研究, 2021, 43(4): 431-433.
4.	張浩, 劉輝, 趙航, 等. Primal Pictures-3D 解剖學數據庫在人體解剖學教學中的應用. 解剖學研究, 2017, 39(4): 284-285.
5.	曹雋, 張學軍, 白云松, 等. 3D 打印模型輔助 PBL 及 CBL 教學法在小兒骨科教學中的應用. 繼續醫學教育, 2023, 37(12): 65-68.
6.	馬嵐, 王亞利, 楊彭濤, 等. 基于 3D Body 軟件的混合模式在放射腫瘤學教學中的應用. 醫學教育研究與實踐, 2024, 32(6): 792-797, 804.
7.	張年鳳, 肖娟, 向安萍, 等. 職教云聯合 3D Body 解剖軟件的信息化教學在人體解剖學教學中的應用. 衛生職業教育, 2021, 39(12): 71-73.
8.	陶甄. 3D 解剖軟件結合 PBL 教學法在骨科臨床教學中的研究. 關愛生命大講堂之生命關懷與智慧康養系列學術研討會, 線上會議, 2025. 中國生命關懷協會, 2025.
9.	遲蕾, 左欣, 祝鵬宇. 思維導圖結合 3D body 軟件在《神經定位診斷學》教學中的應用研究. 黑龍江醫學, 2025, 49(5): 607-609.
10.	Qian N. Binocular disparity and the perception of depth. Neuron, 1997, 18(3): 359-368.
11.	Ohzawa I, DeAngelis GC, Freeman RD. Stereoscopic depth discrimination in the visual cortex: neurons ideally suited as disparity detectors. Science, 1990, 249(4972): 1037-1041.
12.	Menz MD, Freeman RD. Stereoscopic depth processing in the visual cortex: a coarse-to-fine mechanism. Nat Neurosci, 2003, 6(1): 59-65.
13.	Gonzalez F, Perez R. Neural mechanisms underlying stereoscopic vision. Prog Neurobiol, 1998, 55(3): 191-224.
14.	Deng K, Wei B, Chen M, et al. Realization of real-time X-ray stereoscopic vision during interventional procedures. Sci Rep, 2018, 8(1): 15852.
15.	俞遠林, 張衛東, 戴俊, 等. 三維重建技術在肝臟外科解剖教學中的應用研究. 中國繼續醫學教育, 2024, 16(14): 111-115.
16.	潘慶春, 李蓓. 3D 打印技術聯合 PBL 教學法在耳鼻咽喉頭頸外科臨床教學中的應用. 中國典型病例大全, 2025, 19(2): 1183-1186.
17.	盧敏勛, 李壯壯, 何宣虹, 等. 逆向數字建模結合三維打印疾病模型在骨盆腫瘤臨床規范化培訓中的教學效果評價. 華西醫學, 2025, 40(5): 788-792.
18.	齊英娜, 李春根, 孫佩宇, 等. 基于問卷調查的 PBL 結合 3D 解剖軟件在中醫骨傷科學實習帶教中的應用. 中國繼續醫學教育, 2024, 16(12): 152-156.
19.	張漢樂, 邢妍, 胡曉帥, 等. 面向元宇宙的集成成像 3D 顯示技術進展. 指揮與控制學報, 2022, 8(3): 239-248.

1. 周立新, 譚穎, 韓菲, 等. 以勝任力為導向的神經內科住院醫師培訓體系的構建和探索. 協和醫學雜志, 2024, 15(4): 973-980.
2. 神斌, 張慶橋. 3D 打印技術聯合 CBL 教學法在布加綜合征介入治療教學中的應用. 中國繼續醫學教育, 2023, 15(21): 76-80.
3. 張俊兄, 金珊珊, 王正梅. 3D body 解剖軟件用于解剖學護理實習生帶教的價值. 解剖學研究, 2021, 43(4): 431-433.
4. 張浩, 劉輝, 趙航, 等. Primal Pictures-3D 解剖學數據庫在人體解剖學教學中的應用. 解剖學研究, 2017, 39(4): 284-285.
5. 曹雋, 張學軍, 白云松, 等. 3D 打印模型輔助 PBL 及 CBL 教學法在小兒骨科教學中的應用. 繼續醫學教育, 2023, 37(12): 65-68.
6. 馬嵐, 王亞利, 楊彭濤, 等. 基于 3D Body 軟件的混合模式在放射腫瘤學教學中的應用. 醫學教育研究與實踐, 2024, 32(6): 792-797, 804.
7. 張年鳳, 肖娟, 向安萍, 等. 職教云聯合 3D Body 解剖軟件的信息化教學在人體解剖學教學中的應用. 衛生職業教育, 2021, 39(12): 71-73.
8. 陶甄. 3D 解剖軟件結合 PBL 教學法在骨科臨床教學中的研究. 關愛生命大講堂之生命關懷與智慧康養系列學術研討會, 線上會議, 2025. 中國生命關懷協會, 2025.
9. 遲蕾, 左欣, 祝鵬宇. 思維導圖結合 3D body 軟件在《神經定位診斷學》教學中的應用研究. 黑龍江醫學, 2025, 49(5): 607-609.
10. Qian N. Binocular disparity and the perception of depth. Neuron, 1997, 18(3): 359-368.
11. Ohzawa I, DeAngelis GC, Freeman RD. Stereoscopic depth discrimination in the visual cortex: neurons ideally suited as disparity detectors. Science, 1990, 249(4972): 1037-1041.
12. Menz MD, Freeman RD. Stereoscopic depth processing in the visual cortex: a coarse-to-fine mechanism. Nat Neurosci, 2003, 6(1): 59-65.
13. Gonzalez F, Perez R. Neural mechanisms underlying stereoscopic vision. Prog Neurobiol, 1998, 55(3): 191-224.
14. Deng K, Wei B, Chen M, et al. Realization of real-time X-ray stereoscopic vision during interventional procedures. Sci Rep, 2018, 8(1): 15852.
15. 俞遠林, 張衛東, 戴俊, 等. 三維重建技術在肝臟外科解剖教學中的應用研究. 中國繼續醫學教育, 2024, 16(14): 111-115.
16. 潘慶春, 李蓓. 3D 打印技術聯合 PBL 教學法在耳鼻咽喉頭頸外科臨床教學中的應用. 中國典型病例大全, 2025, 19(2): 1183-1186.
17. 盧敏勛, 李壯壯, 何宣虹, 等. 逆向數字建模結合三維打印疾病模型在骨盆腫瘤臨床規范化培訓中的教學效果評價. 華西醫學, 2025, 40(5): 788-792.
18. 齊英娜, 李春根, 孫佩宇, 等. 基于問卷調查的 PBL 結合 3D 解剖軟件在中醫骨傷科學實習帶教中的應用. 中國繼續醫學教育, 2024, 16(12): 152-156.
19. 張漢樂, 邢妍, 胡曉帥, 等. 面向元宇宙的集成成像 3D 顯示技術進展. 指揮與控制學報, 2022, 8(3): 239-248.

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