Assessment of current status and exploration of optimization pathways for quality management in outpatient multi-disciplinary treatment based on a national multicenter study_West China Medical Journal

Authors：

WANG Huanlin ^1,2 , HE Qian ^1,2 , YE Xiaoyun ³ , WANG Bin ⁴ , WEN Jin ⁵ , XU Jing ⁶ ,  XIE Miaorong ⁷ ,  WAN Zhi ^1,8

1. Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China;
2. Outpatient Department, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China;
3. Customer Service Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P. R. China;
4. Medical Affairs Department, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P. R. China;
5. Institute of Hospital Management, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China;
6. Outpatient Department, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P. R. China;
7. Acute and Critical Care Center (Emergency Department), Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P. R. China;
8. Department of Emergency Medinine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China;

Corresponding?author：

XIE Miaorong, Email: xiemiao27@126.com; WAN Zhi, Email: 303680215@qq.com

Keywords：

Outpatient multi-disciplinary treatment; quality management; influencing factors; multicenter study

DOI：

10.7507/1002-0179.202512334

Video：

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Objective To assess the operational and quality management status of outpatient multi-disciplinarytreatment (MDT) services in tertiary hospitals nationwide, identify core quality indicators and key influencing factors for their development. Methods A multicenter cross-sectional survey was conducted from November to December 2024 among tertiary medical institutions nationwide that had implemented outpatient MDT services. The entropy weight method was employed to calculate the weights of outpatient MDT quality indicators, objectively determining their importance ranking. Meanwhile, a 10-point Likert scale was used to systematically evaluate internal and external factors influencing the development of outpatient MDT services. Results A total of 521 hospitals were surveyed. Among them, there were 458 tertiary hospitals (87.9%) and 63 tertiary hospitals (12.1%). Gaps remain in key aspects of outpatient MDT quality management: 295 institutions (56.6%) lacked clear inclusion criteria for MDT case discussions; 159 (30.5%) had not implemented an electronic medical record system for outpatient MDT; and 130 (25.0%) had not established an assessment mechanism for outpatient MDT. Objective weighting via the entropy weight method revealed the top three indicators by weight: “whether outpatient MDT regulations have been formulated” (27.287%), “whether a standard approval process exists for establishing an MDT” (19.079%), and “whether a team secretary is assigned” (15.433%). Analysis of influencing factors showed that among external factors, “medical insurance policies” had the most significant impact, while among internal factors, “departmental emphasis/physician awareness” was most prominent. Conclusions The core indicators of outpatient MDT quality management were screened by entropy weighting method and the key influencing factors were explored using Liszt scoring method. This provides an objective basis for healthcare administration to standardize outpatient MDT services and enhance operational quality and efficiency.

Citation： WANG Huanlin, HE Qian, YE Xiaoyun, WANG Bin, WEN Jin, XU Jing, XIE Miaorong, WAN Zhi. Assessment of current status and exploration of optimization pathways for quality management in outpatient multi-disciplinary treatment based on a national multicenter study. West China Medical Journal, 2026, 41(1): 96-102. doi: 10.7507/1002-0179.202512334 Copy

1.	Pillay B, Wootten AC, Crowe H, et al. The impact of multidisciplinary team meetings on patient assessment, management and outcomes in oncology settings: a systematic review of the literature. Cancer Treat Rev, 2016, 42: 56-72.
2.	Al Obaidi IH. Observational study of the multisciplinaryteam role (MDT) on healthcare management of cancer patients: benefits and barriers, AbuDhabi 2017. J Fac Med Baghdad, 2019, 61(1): 18-24.
3.	Brown GTF, Bekker HL, Young AL. Quality and efficacy of multidisciplinary team (MDT) quality assessment tools and discussion checklists: a systematic review. BMC Cancer, 2022, 22(1): 286.
4.	張蕾. 國家區域醫療中心多學科診療模式的 SWOT 分析. 中國衛生標準管理, 2025, 16(17): 46-50.
5.	胡婷婷, 張雨桐, 呂松青, 等. 基于 CiteSpace 的國內外多學科診療模式可視化研究. 中國醫刊, 2025, 60(10): 1241-1246.
6.	婁艷, 龔紅輝, 曾立云, 等. 三級綜合醫院門診多學科協作診療 SWOT 分析. 中國醫院管理, 2023, 43(5): 54-57.
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8.	范艷梅, 陳揚, 王麗娟. 門診 MDT 診療體系的建立. 中國衛生產業, 2019, 16(35): 93-95.
9.	謝苗榮. 多學科診療模式在門診中的應用. 華西醫學, 2024, 39(1): 1-5.
10.	王睆琳, 郭媛, 李琴, 等. 四川省門診多學科診療現狀調研. 華西醫學, 2024, 39(10): 1636-1640.
11.	毛一晴, 康定鼎, 張博文, 等. 國內外多學科團隊診療模式研究進展. 中國醫院, 2022, 26(3): 18-21.
12.	呂藝芝, 楊堅, 陳郁明, 等. 我國三級醫院多學科協作診療模式開展現狀調查分析. 中國醫院, 2021, 25(2): 21-23.
13.	童延, 單銀娣, 周倩. 基于 CiteSpace 的我國多學科診療門診研究的可視化分析. 醫學信息, 2023, 36(18): 55-60.
14.	國家衛生健康委員會. 2022 中國衛生健康統計年鑒. 北京: 中國協和醫科大學出版社, 2022.
15.	梁蒼霞, 陳慧, 夏純歡. 基于熵權法的我國省域醫療衛生資源配置與經濟發展水平協調研究. 廣西醫學, 2025, 47(10): 1474-1481.
16.	蔡治清, 董世菊, 李乃坤, 等. 基于熵權 TOPSIS 法的山東省某三級綜合醫院運營管理效能評價. 山東大學學報(醫學版), 2025, 63(6): 107-116.
17.	孫湛, 楊麗, 邵雨婷, 等. 多學科診療模式現狀分析與思考. 中國衛生質量管理, 2018, 25(6): 37-40.
18.	張慶玉, 王珊珊, 謝艷萍, 等. 三甲綜合醫院多學科診療模式實踐與探討. 醫院管理論壇, 2024, 41(12): 51-54.
19.	葉麗, 李亞珍, 曹玲珊. 多學科聯合診療模式在門診的應用分析. 醫院管理論壇, 2022, 39(8): 41-44.

1. Pillay B, Wootten AC, Crowe H, et al. The impact of multidisciplinary team meetings on patient assessment, management and outcomes in oncology settings: a systematic review of the literature. Cancer Treat Rev, 2016, 42: 56-72.
2. Al Obaidi IH. Observational study of the multisciplinaryteam role (MDT) on healthcare management of cancer patients: benefits and barriers, AbuDhabi 2017. J Fac Med Baghdad, 2019, 61(1): 18-24.
3. Brown GTF, Bekker HL, Young AL. Quality and efficacy of multidisciplinary team (MDT) quality assessment tools and discussion checklists: a systematic review. BMC Cancer, 2022, 22(1): 286.
4. 張蕾. 國家區域醫療中心多學科診療模式的 SWOT 分析. 中國衛生標準管理, 2025, 16(17): 46-50.
5. 胡婷婷, 張雨桐, 呂松青, 等. 基于 CiteSpace 的國內外多學科診療模式可視化研究. 中國醫刊, 2025, 60(10): 1241-1246.
6. 婁艷, 龔紅輝, 曾立云, 等. 三級綜合醫院門診多學科協作診療 SWOT 分析. 中國醫院管理, 2023, 43(5): 54-57.
7. 馬戈, 俞斌. 多類型門診多學科診療模式探索. 華西醫學, 2024, 39(1): 98-100.
8. 范艷梅, 陳揚, 王麗娟. 門診 MDT 診療體系的建立. 中國衛生產業, 2019, 16(35): 93-95.
9. 謝苗榮. 多學科診療模式在門診中的應用. 華西醫學, 2024, 39(1): 1-5.
10. 王睆琳, 郭媛, 李琴, 等. 四川省門診多學科診療現狀調研. 華西醫學, 2024, 39(10): 1636-1640.
11. 毛一晴, 康定鼎, 張博文, 等. 國內外多學科團隊診療模式研究進展. 中國醫院, 2022, 26(3): 18-21.
12. 呂藝芝, 楊堅, 陳郁明, 等. 我國三級醫院多學科協作診療模式開展現狀調查分析. 中國醫院, 2021, 25(2): 21-23.
13. 童延, 單銀娣, 周倩. 基于 CiteSpace 的我國多學科診療門診研究的可視化分析. 醫學信息, 2023, 36(18): 55-60.
14. 國家衛生健康委員會. 2022 中國衛生健康統計年鑒. 北京: 中國協和醫科大學出版社, 2022.
15. 梁蒼霞, 陳慧, 夏純歡. 基于熵權法的我國省域醫療衛生資源配置與經濟發展水平協調研究. 廣西醫學, 2025, 47(10): 1474-1481.
16. 蔡治清, 董世菊, 李乃坤, 等. 基于熵權 TOPSIS 法的山東省某三級綜合醫院運營管理效能評價. 山東大學學報(醫學版), 2025, 63(6): 107-116.
17. 孫湛, 楊麗, 邵雨婷, 等. 多學科診療模式現狀分析與思考. 中國衛生質量管理, 2018, 25(6): 37-40.
18. 張慶玉, 王珊珊, 謝艷萍, 等. 三甲綜合醫院多學科診療模式實踐與探討. 醫院管理論壇, 2024, 41(12): 51-54.
19. 葉麗, 李亞珍, 曹玲珊. 多學科聯合診療模式在門診的應用分析. 醫院管理論壇, 2022, 39(8): 41-44.

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