Advance of vascularization of tissue engineered peripheral nerve_Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery

Authors：

ZHAO Bin , MA Jianxiong ,  MA Xinlong

Orthopaedic Institute, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, 300211, P.R.China;

Corresponding?author：

MA Xinlong, Email: agzhb@sina.com

Keywords：

Tissue engineered peripheral nerve; vascularization; seed cells; scaffold material; microenvironment

DOI：

10.7507/1002-1892.201902032

Video：

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Objective To review the literature on the research status of vascularization of tissue engineered peripheral nerve so as to provide the theoretical basis for the vascularization of tissue engineered peripheral nerve.Methods The literature related to the vascularization of peripheral nerve tissue engineering in recent years was reviewed and summarized according to the five aspects of promoting vascularization: local microenvironment and blood supply characteristics of peripheral nerve regeneration, scaffold material modification, seed cells, autologous vascular bundle implantation, and pro-vascular factors.Results Tissue engineered peripheral nerve has brought a new hope for the repair of peripheral nerve injury, but the repair effect of large nerve defects is not good, which is mainly related to the degree of vascularization of the nerve grafts. So it is particularly important to promote the early vascularization of tissue engineered peripheral nerve. Previous studies have mainly focused on the four aspects of scaffold material modification, seed cells, autologous vascular bundle implantation, and angiogenesis related factors. Recent studies show that the combination of the above two or more factors in the tissue engineered peripheral nerves can better promote the vascularization of tissue engineered peripheral nerves.Conclusion Promoting early vascularization of tissue engineered peripheral nerves can provide timely nutritional support for seed cells on the scaffold, promote axon growth and nerve regeneration, and facilitate the repair of large peripheral nerve defects in clinical practice.

Citation： ZHAO Bin, MA Jianxiong, MA Xinlong. Advance of vascularization of tissue engineered peripheral nerve. Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery, 2019, 33(8): 1029-1032. doi: 10.7507/1002-1892.201902032 Copy

1.	B?doiu SC, Lasc?r I, Enescu DM. Peripheral nerve allografting-why and how? Chirurgia (Bucur), 2014, 109(5): 584-589.
2.	Fowler JR, Lavasani M, Huard J, et al. Biologic strategies to improve nerve regeneration after peripheral nerve repair. J Reconstr Microsurg, 2015, 31(4): 243-248.
3.	Kian Kwan Oo K, Chen Ong W, Hui Chi Ang A, et al. Tissue engineered prefabricated vascularized flaps. Head Neck, 2007, 29(5): 458-464.
4.	Kannan RY, Salacinski HJ, Sales K, et al. The roles of tissue engineering and vascularisation in the development of micro-vascular networks: a review. Biomaterials, 2005, 26(14): 1857-1875.
5.	Arslantunali D, Dursun T, Yucel D, et al. Peripheral nerve conduits: technology update. Med Devices (Auckl), 2014, 7: 405-424.
6.	Merle M, Dautel G. Vascularised nerve grafts. J Hand Surg (Br), 1991, 16(5): 483-488.
7.	Vargel I. Impact of vascularization type on peripheral nerve microstructure. J Reconstr Microsurg, 2009, 25(4): 243-253.
8.	黃濤, 秦建強, 劉大庸, 等. 外周神經損傷后許旺細胞激活巨噬細胞的實驗研究. 中華顯微外科雜志, 2002, 25(3): 192-193.
9.	高宏陽, 韓金豹, 劉新暉, 等. 血管化同種異體神經復合體橋接修復兔坐骨神經缺損的實驗研究. 河北醫科大學學報, 2013, 34(10): 1132-1136.
10.	Wang G, Hu X, Lin W, et al. Electrospun PLGA-silk fibroin-collagen nanofibrous scaffolds for nerve tissue engineering. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim, 2011, 47(3): 234-240.
11.	Zhang YG, Huang JH, Hu XY, et al. Omentum-wrapped scaffold with longitudinally oriented micro-channels promotes axonal regeneration and motor functional recovery in rats. PLoS One, 2011, 6(12): e29184.
12.	Rouwkema J, Rivron NC, van Blitterswijk CA. Vascularization in tissue engineering. Trends Biotechnol, 2008, 26(8): 434-441.
13.	王嵐, 邢新, 沈尊理. 人工神經血管化研究的進展. 組織工程與重建外科雜志, 2009, 5(1): 49-51.
14.	Bauer-Kreisel P, Goepferich A, Blunk T. Cell-delivery therapeutics for adipose tissue regeneration. Adv Drug Deliv Rev, 2010, 62(7-8): 798-813.
15.	Chiu YC, Cheng MH, Engel H, et al. The role of pore size on vascularization and tissue remodeling in PEG hydrogels. Biomaterials, 2011, 32(26): 6045-6051.
16.	Bai F, Wang Z, Lu J, et al. The correlation between the internal structure and vascularization of controllable porous bioceramic materials in vivo: a quantitative study. Tissue Eng Part A, 2010, 16(12): 3791-3803.
17.	Sun J, Wang Y, Qian Z, et al. An approach to architecture 3D scaffold with interconnective microchannel networks inducing angiogenesis for tissue engineering. J Mater Sci Mater Med, 2011, 22(11): 2565-2571.
18.	Kemp SW, Syed S, Walsh W, et al. Collagen nerve conduits promote enhanced axonal regeneration, schwann cell association, and neovascularization compared to silicone conduits. Tissue Eng Part A, 2009, 15(8): 1975-1988.
19.	蔣良福, 陳鷗, 虞慶, 等. 預血管化組織工程神經修復周圍神經缺損的研究. 中華手外科雜志, 2014, 30(3): 216-219.
20.	Gott VL, Whiffen JD, Dutton RC. Heparin bonding on colloidal graphite surfaces. Science, 1963, 142(3597): 1297-1298.
21.	Cardin AD, Jackson RL, Sparrow DA, et al. Interaction of glycosaminoglycans with lipoproteins. Ann N Y Acad Sci, 1989, 556: 186-193.
22.	Zhao B, Zhao Z, Ma J, et al. Modulation of angiogenic potential of tissue-engineered peripheral nerve by covalent incorporation of heparin and loading with vascular endothelial growth factor. Neurosci Lett, 2019, 705: 259-264.
23.	李宗超, 韋章超, 劉勇, 等. 基質細胞衍生因子 1 對于血管內皮細胞增殖影響及其相關機制研究. 中國修復重建外科雜志, 2017, 31(1): 91-97.
24.	劉春曉, 吳歡歡, 馬慧雨, 等. 人骨髓間充質干細胞與臍靜脈內皮細胞體外共培養的研究. 組織工程與重建外科雜志, 2011, 7(2): 65-69, 84.
25.	Rana D, Kumar A, Sharma S. Endothelial progenitor cells as molecular targets in vascular senescence and repair. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther, 2018, 13(6): 438-446.
26.	Asahara T, Murohara T, Sullivan A, et al. Isolation of putative progenitor endothelial cells for angiogenesis. Science, 1997, 275(5302): 964-967.
27.	Goerke SM, Obermeyer J, Plaha J, et al. Endothelial progenitor cells from peripheral blood support bone regeneration by provoking an angiogenic response. Microvasc Res, 2015, 98: 40-47.
28.	Kamei N, Atesok K, Ochi M. The use of endothelial progenitor cells for the regeneration of musculoskeletal and neural tissues. Stem Cells Int, 2017, 2017: 1960804.
29.	Urbich C, Heeschen C, Aicher A, et al. Relevance of monocytic features for neovascularization capacity of circulating endothelial progenitor cells. Circulation, 2003, 108(20): 2511-2516.
30.	張靜, 易陽艷, 陽水發, 等. 脂肪干細胞來源外泌體對人臍靜脈血管內皮細胞增殖、遷移及管樣分化的影響. 中國修復重建外科雜志, 2018, 32(10): 1351-1357.
31.	Pang H, Wu XH, Fu SL, et al. Prevascularisation with endothelial progenitor cells improved restoration of the architectural and functional properties of newly formed bone for bone reconstruction. Int Orthop, 2013, 37(4): 753-759.
32.	Zigdon-Giladi H, Khoury N, Evron A. Adult stem cells in the use of jaw bone regeneration: current and prospective research. Quintessence Int, 2015, 46(2): 125-131.
33.	Taylor GI, Ham FJ. The free vascularized nerve graft. A further experimental and clinical application of microvascular techniques. Plast Reconstr Surg, 1976, 57(4): 413-426.
34.	Cavadas PC, Vera-Sempere FJ. Prefabrication of a vascularized nerve graft by vessel implantation: preliminary report of an experimental model. Microsurgery, 1994, 15(12): 877-881.
35.	Zhang QX, Magovern CJ, Mack CA, et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor is the major angiogenic factor in omentum: mechanism of the omentum-mediated angiogenesis. J Surg Res, 1997, 67(2): 147-154.
36.	周建生, 唐兆前, 肖玉周, 等. 大網膜包裹人工神經移植體再血管化及神經再生的研究. 中國修復重建外科雜志, 2006, 20(8): 797-800.
37.	Rui J, Dadsetan M, Runge MB, et al. Controlled release of vascular endothelial growth factor using poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid microspheres: in vitro characterization and application in polycaprolactone fumarate nerve conduits. Acta Biomater, 2012, 8(2): 511-518.
38.	Feng L, Wu H, E L, et al. Effects of vascular endothelial growth factor 165 on bone tissue engineering. PLoS One, 2013, 8(12): e82945.

1. B?doiu SC, Lasc?r I, Enescu DM. Peripheral nerve allografting-why and how? Chirurgia (Bucur), 2014, 109(5): 584-589.
2. Fowler JR, Lavasani M, Huard J, et al. Biologic strategies to improve nerve regeneration after peripheral nerve repair. J Reconstr Microsurg, 2015, 31(4): 243-248.
3. Kian Kwan Oo K, Chen Ong W, Hui Chi Ang A, et al. Tissue engineered prefabricated vascularized flaps. Head Neck, 2007, 29(5): 458-464.
4. Kannan RY, Salacinski HJ, Sales K, et al. The roles of tissue engineering and vascularisation in the development of micro-vascular networks: a review. Biomaterials, 2005, 26(14): 1857-1875.
5. Arslantunali D, Dursun T, Yucel D, et al. Peripheral nerve conduits: technology update. Med Devices (Auckl), 2014, 7: 405-424.
6. Merle M, Dautel G. Vascularised nerve grafts. J Hand Surg (Br), 1991, 16(5): 483-488.
7. Vargel I. Impact of vascularization type on peripheral nerve microstructure. J Reconstr Microsurg, 2009, 25(4): 243-253.
8. 黃濤, 秦建強, 劉大庸, 等. 外周神經損傷后許旺細胞激活巨噬細胞的實驗研究. 中華顯微外科雜志, 2002, 25(3): 192-193.
9. 高宏陽, 韓金豹, 劉新暉, 等. 血管化同種異體神經復合體橋接修復兔坐骨神經缺損的實驗研究. 河北醫科大學學報, 2013, 34(10): 1132-1136.
10. Wang G, Hu X, Lin W, et al. Electrospun PLGA-silk fibroin-collagen nanofibrous scaffolds for nerve tissue engineering. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim, 2011, 47(3): 234-240.
11. Zhang YG, Huang JH, Hu XY, et al. Omentum-wrapped scaffold with longitudinally oriented micro-channels promotes axonal regeneration and motor functional recovery in rats. PLoS One, 2011, 6(12): e29184.
12. Rouwkema J, Rivron NC, van Blitterswijk CA. Vascularization in tissue engineering. Trends Biotechnol, 2008, 26(8): 434-441.
13. 王嵐, 邢新, 沈尊理. 人工神經血管化研究的進展. 組織工程與重建外科雜志, 2009, 5(1): 49-51.
14. Bauer-Kreisel P, Goepferich A, Blunk T. Cell-delivery therapeutics for adipose tissue regeneration. Adv Drug Deliv Rev, 2010, 62(7-8): 798-813.
15. Chiu YC, Cheng MH, Engel H, et al. The role of pore size on vascularization and tissue remodeling in PEG hydrogels. Biomaterials, 2011, 32(26): 6045-6051.
16. Bai F, Wang Z, Lu J, et al. The correlation between the internal structure and vascularization of controllable porous bioceramic materials in vivo: a quantitative study. Tissue Eng Part A, 2010, 16(12): 3791-3803.
17. Sun J, Wang Y, Qian Z, et al. An approach to architecture 3D scaffold with interconnective microchannel networks inducing angiogenesis for tissue engineering. J Mater Sci Mater Med, 2011, 22(11): 2565-2571.
18. Kemp SW, Syed S, Walsh W, et al. Collagen nerve conduits promote enhanced axonal regeneration, schwann cell association, and neovascularization compared to silicone conduits. Tissue Eng Part A, 2009, 15(8): 1975-1988.
19. 蔣良福, 陳鷗, 虞慶, 等. 預血管化組織工程神經修復周圍神經缺損的研究. 中華手外科雜志, 2014, 30(3): 216-219.
20. Gott VL, Whiffen JD, Dutton RC. Heparin bonding on colloidal graphite surfaces. Science, 1963, 142(3597): 1297-1298.
21. Cardin AD, Jackson RL, Sparrow DA, et al. Interaction of glycosaminoglycans with lipoproteins. Ann N Y Acad Sci, 1989, 556: 186-193.
22. Zhao B, Zhao Z, Ma J, et al. Modulation of angiogenic potential of tissue-engineered peripheral nerve by covalent incorporation of heparin and loading with vascular endothelial growth factor. Neurosci Lett, 2019, 705: 259-264.
23. 李宗超, 韋章超, 劉勇, 等. 基質細胞衍生因子 1 對于血管內皮細胞增殖影響及其相關機制研究. 中國修復重建外科雜志, 2017, 31(1): 91-97.
24. 劉春曉, 吳歡歡, 馬慧雨, 等. 人骨髓間充質干細胞與臍靜脈內皮細胞體外共培養的研究. 組織工程與重建外科雜志, 2011, 7(2): 65-69, 84.
25. Rana D, Kumar A, Sharma S. Endothelial progenitor cells as molecular targets in vascular senescence and repair. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther, 2018, 13(6): 438-446.
26. Asahara T, Murohara T, Sullivan A, et al. Isolation of putative progenitor endothelial cells for angiogenesis. Science, 1997, 275(5302): 964-967.
27. Goerke SM, Obermeyer J, Plaha J, et al. Endothelial progenitor cells from peripheral blood support bone regeneration by provoking an angiogenic response. Microvasc Res, 2015, 98: 40-47.
28. Kamei N, Atesok K, Ochi M. The use of endothelial progenitor cells for the regeneration of musculoskeletal and neural tissues. Stem Cells Int, 2017, 2017: 1960804.
29. Urbich C, Heeschen C, Aicher A, et al. Relevance of monocytic features for neovascularization capacity of circulating endothelial progenitor cells. Circulation, 2003, 108(20): 2511-2516.
30. 張靜, 易陽艷, 陽水發, 等. 脂肪干細胞來源外泌體對人臍靜脈血管內皮細胞增殖、遷移及管樣分化的影響. 中國修復重建外科雜志, 2018, 32(10): 1351-1357.
31. Pang H, Wu XH, Fu SL, et al. Prevascularisation with endothelial progenitor cells improved restoration of the architectural and functional properties of newly formed bone for bone reconstruction. Int Orthop, 2013, 37(4): 753-759.
32. Zigdon-Giladi H, Khoury N, Evron A. Adult stem cells in the use of jaw bone regeneration: current and prospective research. Quintessence Int, 2015, 46(2): 125-131.
33. Taylor GI, Ham FJ. The free vascularized nerve graft. A further experimental and clinical application of microvascular techniques. Plast Reconstr Surg, 1976, 57(4): 413-426.
34. Cavadas PC, Vera-Sempere FJ. Prefabrication of a vascularized nerve graft by vessel implantation: preliminary report of an experimental model. Microsurgery, 1994, 15(12): 877-881.
35. Zhang QX, Magovern CJ, Mack CA, et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor is the major angiogenic factor in omentum: mechanism of the omentum-mediated angiogenesis. J Surg Res, 1997, 67(2): 147-154.
36. 周建生, 唐兆前, 肖玉周, 等. 大網膜包裹人工神經移植體再血管化及神經再生的研究. 中國修復重建外科雜志, 2006, 20(8): 797-800.
37. Rui J, Dadsetan M, Runge MB, et al. Controlled release of vascular endothelial growth factor using poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid microspheres: in vitro characterization and application in polycaprolactone fumarate nerve conduits. Acta Biomater, 2012, 8(2): 511-518.
38. Feng L, Wu H, E L, et al. Effects of vascular endothelial growth factor 165 on bone tissue engineering. PLoS One, 2013, 8(12): e82945.

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