Advances in Preoperative Localization of Solitary Pulmonary Nodules for Video-assisted Thracoscopic Surgery_Chinese Journal of Clinical Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery

Authors：

YANGNan , LIUCan-hui , QIANGYong ,  LIZhong-dong

Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, Nanjing 210002, P. R. China;

Corresponding?author：

LIZhong-dong, Email: 13057585578@126.com

Keywords：

Solitary pulmonary nodule; Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery; Localization

DOI：

10.7507/1007-4848.20150176

Video：

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Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Recently, the frequency of lung disease appears higher and more precise than previously estimated. Small pulmonary nodules (SPNs) are frequently detected on high-resolution computed tomography (CT) scans. For the reason of high rate of false positives by fine needle aspirate biopsy, small lung nodules often can not be confirmed by monitor or palpation with forceps. How to precisely locate and mark the nodule before the surgery is one of the most important things for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). We reviews the methods of location the pulmonary nodules before the surgery and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of various methods.

Citation： YANGNan, LIUCan-hui, QIANGYong, LIZhong-dong. Advances in Preoperative Localization of Solitary Pulmonary Nodules for Video-assisted Thracoscopic Surgery. Chinese Journal of Clinical Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 2015, 22(7): 696-699. doi: 10.7507/1007-4848.20150176 Copy

1.	童向東, 許世廣, 王述民, 等. 達芬奇機器人治療肺孤立結節的臨床體會. 中國肺癌雜志, 2014, 17(7):541-544.
2.	Wahidi MM, Govert JA, Goudar RK, et al. Evidence for the treatment of patients with pulmonary nodules:when is it lung cancer? ACCP evidence-based clinical practice guidelines (2nd edition). Chest, 2007, 132(3 Suppl):94s-107s.
3.	Gomez-Saez N, Gonzalez-Alvarez I, Vilar J, et al. Prevalence and variables associated with solitary pulmonary nodules in a routine clinic-based population:a cross-sectional study. Eur Radiol, 2014, 24(9):2174-2182.
4.	Shi CZ, Zhao Q, Luo LP, et al. Size of solitary pulmonary nodule was the risk factor of malignancy. J Thorac Dis, 2014, 6(6):668-676.
5.	嚴四軍, 曹祥, 鄧波榮, 等. 惡性肺小結節的危險因素分析及預測模型的建立. 中國胸心血管外科臨床雜志, 2013, 20(4):441-445.
6.	馬林, 劉倫旭, 蒲強, 等. 電視胸腔鏡手術中縫線定位法在肺部非淺表小結節活檢和切除術中的應用. 中國胸心血管外科臨床雜志, 2013, 20(6):735-737.
7.	劉明, 姜格寧. 孤立性肺結節的良惡性鑒別及處理策略. 中國胸心血管外科臨床雜志, 2014, 21(1):102-106.
8.	奚小祥, 呂必宏, 何光明, 等.孤立性肺結節早期診治的臨床策略. 中國胸心血管外科臨床雜志, 2014, 21(6):793-799.
9.	Murrmann GB, van Vollenhoven FH, Moodley L. Approach to a solid solitary pulmonary nodule in two different settings-"Common is common, rare is rare". J Thorac Dis, 2014, 6(3):237-248.
10.	Choi SM, Heo EY, Lee J, et al. Characteristics of benign solitary pulmonary nodules confirmed by diagnostic video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. Clin Respir J, 2014, 10.1111.
11.	朱瑞. 電視胸腔鏡與傳統開胸手術對患者機體創傷的比較. 中國胸心血管外科臨床雜志, 2009, 05(16):357-361.
12.	Yang B, Zhao F, Zong Z, et al. Preferences for treatment of lobectomy in Chinese lung cancer patients:video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery or open thoracotomy? Patient Prefer Adherence, 2014, 7(8):1393-1397.
13.	韓孔啟. 電視胸腔鏡輔助小切口在肺癌手術中的應用效果. 中國實用醫刊, 2014, 20(5):117-118.
14.	Yang C, Zhao D, Zhou X, et al. A comparative study of videoassisted thoracoscopic resection vs thoracotomy for neurogenic tumours arising at the thoracic apex. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg, 2015, 20(1):35-39.
15.	梁冰. 電視胸腔鏡手術在孤立性肺結節診斷和治療中的應用價值. 中國現代藥物應用, 2014, 1(8):103-104.
16.	于春英. CT三維重建成像對孤立性肺結節形態特征的顯示及良惡性的診斷價值研究. 河北醫學, 2013, 12(19):1783-1785.
17.	范國華. 孤立性肺結節三維重建成像的CT研究. 臨床放射學雜志, 2002, 1(21):33-37.
18.	董科, 陳獻國, 唐志苗, 等. 螺旋CT三維成像技術對孤立性肺結節的應用價值. 醫學影像學雜志, 2006, 7(16):708-710.
19.	Chen W, Chen L, Qiang G, et al. Using an image-guided navigation system for localization of small pulmonary nodules before thoracoscopic surgery:a feasibility study. Surg Endosc, 2007, 21(10):1883-1886.
20.	Reinbacher KE, Pau M, Wallner J, et al. Minimal invasive biopsy of intraconal expansion by PET/CT/MRI image-guided navigation:A new method. J Craniomaxillofac Surg, 2014, 42(7):1184-1189.
21.	Chen W, Chen L, Yang S, et al. A novel technique for localization of small pulmonary nodules. Chest, 2007, 131(5):1526-1531.
22.	史華莉. CT三維重建技術對肺內孤立性結節的診斷價值. 中華臨床醫師雜志(電子版), 2014, 05:922-926.
23.	Eberhardt R, Ernst A, Herth FJ. Ultrasound-guided transbronchial biopsy of solitary pulmonary nodules less than 20 mm. Eur Respir J, 2009, 34(6):1284-1287.
24.	Piolanti M, Coppola F, Papa S, et al. Ultrasonographic localization of occult pulmonary nodules during video-assisted thoracic surgery. Eur Rradiol, 2003, 13(10):2358-2364.
25.	Kondo R, Yoshida K, Hamanaka K, et al. Intraoperative ultrasonographic localization of pulmonary ground-glass opacities. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2009, 138(4):837-842.
26.	王維. 全胸腔鏡肺葉切除手術中超聲定位的應用. 昆明醫科大學學報, 2013, 34(11):33-36.
27.	洪斌, 沈學遠, 陳江勇. 聯合亞甲藍和99m^Tc-硫膠體核素示蹤法在早期非小細胞肺癌前哨淋巴結定位中的應用. 南方醫科大學學報, 2014, 34(7):1053-1056.
28.	Jin KN, Lee KW, Kim TJ, et al. Computed tomography guided percutaneous injection of a mixture of lipiodol and methylene blue in rabbit lungs:evaluation of localization ability for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. J Korean Med Sci, 2014, 29(1):129-136.
29.	Shentu Y, Zhang L, Gu H, et al. A new technique combining virtual simulation and methylene blue staining for the localization of small peripheral pulmonary lesions. BMC cancer, 2014, 14(2):79.
30.	Lee NK, Park CM, Kang CH, et al. CT-guided percutaneous transthoracic localization of pulmonary nodules prior to videoassisted thoracoscopic surgery using barium suspension. Korean J Radiol, 2012, 13(6):694-701.
31.	Nomori H, Horio H. Colored collagen is a long-lasting point marker for small pulmonary nodules in thoracoscopic operations. Ann Thorac Surg, 1996, 61(4):1070-1073.
32.	Nomori H, Horio H, Morinaga S, et al. Usefulness of marking with colored collagen to localize small pulmonary nodules for thoracoscopic biopsy. J Japanese Respir Soc, 1998, 36(2):133-137.
33.	Horio H, Nomori H. Thoracoscopic wedge resection of small pulmonary nodules——evaluation of Endofinger and colored collagen injection techniques for localization of pulmonary nodules. Nihon Kyobu Geka Gakkai Zasshi, 1996, 44(8):1059-1064.
34.	扶志敏. 肺部單純磨玻璃樣結節術前CT引導下鋇劑懸液定位的臨床研究. 中國醫師進修雜志, 2014, 08(37):30-32.
35.	Kim YD, Jeong YJ, I H, et al. Localization of pulmonary nodules with lipiodol prior to t horacoscopic surgery. Acta Radiol, 2011, 52(1):64-69.
36.	Kwon WJ, Kim HJ, Jeong YJ, et al. Direct lipiodol injection used for a radio-opaque lung marker:stability and histopathologic effects. Exp Lung Res, 2011, 37(5):310-317.
37.	Yamagami T, Yoshimatsu R, Miura H, et al. Pneumonia occurring after injection of Lipiodol to localize pulmonary nodules before fluoroscopy-aided thoracoscopic resection. Acta Radiol Short Rep, 2014, 3(1):2047981613499754.
38.	Zaman M, Bilal H, Woo CY, et al. In patients undergoing videoassisted thoracoscopic surgery excision, what is the best way to locate a subcentimetre solitary pulmonary nodule in order to achieve successful excision? Int Cardiovasc Thorac Surg, 2012, 15(2):266-272.
39.	Iguchi T, Hiraki T, Gobara H, et al. Transfissural route used for preoperative localization of small pulmonary lesions with a short hook wire and suture system. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol, 2014, 38(1):222-226.
40.	Huang W, Ye H, Wu Y, et al. Hook wire localization of pulmonary pure ground-glass opacities for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2014, 62(2):174-178.
41.	洪鳳鳴.術前CT引導下Hook-wire植入定位肺小結節的應用. 浙江實用醫學, 2014, 2(2):133-134.
42.	Davini F, Gonfiotti A, Vaggelli L, et al. Thoracoscopic localization techniques for patients with solitary pulmonary nodule:radioguided surgery versus hookwire localization. J Cardiovasc Surg, 2006, 47(3):355-359.
43.	賈春祎. CT引導Hookwire定位下電視胸腔鏡手術對孤立性肺小結節的診療價值. 中國癌癥雜志, 2013, 23(11):917-920.
44.	Pittet O, Christodoulou M, Pezzetta E, et al. Video-assisted thoracoscopic resection of a small pulmonary nodule after computed tomography-guided localization with a hook-wire system. Experience in 45 consecutive patients. World J Surg, 2007, 31(3):575-578.
45.	王升平. 胸腔鏡術前CT引導下Hook-wire定位肺內結節性病灶. 中華放射學雜志, 2010, 5(44):518-522.
46.	Horan TA, Pinheiro PM, Araujo LM, et al. Massive gas embolism during pulmonary nodule hook wire localization. Ann Thorac Surg, 2002, 73(5):1647-1649.
47.	許劍揚. 術前CT 引導Hookwire穿刺聯合亞甲藍染色定位在胸腔鏡治療孤立性肺結節病變的應用. 中外健康文摘, 2014, 8(2):185-186.
48.	Toba H, Kondo K, Miyoshi T, et al. Fluoroscopy-assisted thoracoscopic resection after computed tomography-guided bronchoscopic metallic coil marking for small peripheral pulmonary lesions. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2013, 44(2):126-132.
49.	Liu L, Zhang LJ, Chen B, et al. Novel CT-guided coil localization of peripheral pulmonary nodules prior to video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery:a pilot study. Acta Radiol, 2014, 55(6):699-706.
50.	Finley RJ, Mayo JR, Grant K, et al. Preoperative computed tomography-guided microcoil localization of small peripheral pulmonary nodules:A prospective randomized controlled trial. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2015, 149(1):26-32.
51.	劉倫旭, 劉成武.微小肺癌(≤2cm)微創診治探討. 中國胸心血管外科臨床雜志, 2014, 21(5):577-581.
52.	Chen X, Wang S, Hao Z, et al. Wire missing:a rare presentation of preoperative localization wire system dislocation. J Cardiothorac Surg, 2014, 30(9):162.

1. 童向東, 許世廣, 王述民, 等. 達芬奇機器人治療肺孤立結節的臨床體會. 中國肺癌雜志, 2014, 17(7):541-544.
2. Wahidi MM, Govert JA, Goudar RK, et al. Evidence for the treatment of patients with pulmonary nodules:when is it lung cancer? ACCP evidence-based clinical practice guidelines (2nd edition). Chest, 2007, 132(3 Suppl):94s-107s.
3. Gomez-Saez N, Gonzalez-Alvarez I, Vilar J, et al. Prevalence and variables associated with solitary pulmonary nodules in a routine clinic-based population:a cross-sectional study. Eur Radiol, 2014, 24(9):2174-2182.
4. Shi CZ, Zhao Q, Luo LP, et al. Size of solitary pulmonary nodule was the risk factor of malignancy. J Thorac Dis, 2014, 6(6):668-676.
5. 嚴四軍, 曹祥, 鄧波榮, 等. 惡性肺小結節的危險因素分析及預測模型的建立. 中國胸心血管外科臨床雜志, 2013, 20(4):441-445.
6. 馬林, 劉倫旭, 蒲強, 等. 電視胸腔鏡手術中縫線定位法在肺部非淺表小結節活檢和切除術中的應用. 中國胸心血管外科臨床雜志, 2013, 20(6):735-737.
7. 劉明, 姜格寧. 孤立性肺結節的良惡性鑒別及處理策略. 中國胸心血管外科臨床雜志, 2014, 21(1):102-106.
8. 奚小祥, 呂必宏, 何光明, 等.孤立性肺結節早期診治的臨床策略. 中國胸心血管外科臨床雜志, 2014, 21(6):793-799.
9. Murrmann GB, van Vollenhoven FH, Moodley L. Approach to a solid solitary pulmonary nodule in two different settings-"Common is common, rare is rare". J Thorac Dis, 2014, 6(3):237-248.
10. Choi SM, Heo EY, Lee J, et al. Characteristics of benign solitary pulmonary nodules confirmed by diagnostic video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. Clin Respir J, 2014, 10.1111.
11. 朱瑞. 電視胸腔鏡與傳統開胸手術對患者機體創傷的比較. 中國胸心血管外科臨床雜志, 2009, 05(16):357-361.
12. Yang B, Zhao F, Zong Z, et al. Preferences for treatment of lobectomy in Chinese lung cancer patients:video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery or open thoracotomy? Patient Prefer Adherence, 2014, 7(8):1393-1397.
13. 韓孔啟. 電視胸腔鏡輔助小切口在肺癌手術中的應用效果. 中國實用醫刊, 2014, 20(5):117-118.
14. Yang C, Zhao D, Zhou X, et al. A comparative study of videoassisted thoracoscopic resection vs thoracotomy for neurogenic tumours arising at the thoracic apex. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg, 2015, 20(1):35-39.
15. 梁冰. 電視胸腔鏡手術在孤立性肺結節診斷和治療中的應用價值. 中國現代藥物應用, 2014, 1(8):103-104.
16. 于春英. CT三維重建成像對孤立性肺結節形態特征的顯示及良惡性的診斷價值研究. 河北醫學, 2013, 12(19):1783-1785.
17. 范國華. 孤立性肺結節三維重建成像的CT研究. 臨床放射學雜志, 2002, 1(21):33-37.
18. 董科, 陳獻國, 唐志苗, 等. 螺旋CT三維成像技術對孤立性肺結節的應用價值. 醫學影像學雜志, 2006, 7(16):708-710.
19. Chen W, Chen L, Qiang G, et al. Using an image-guided navigation system for localization of small pulmonary nodules before thoracoscopic surgery:a feasibility study. Surg Endosc, 2007, 21(10):1883-1886.
20. Reinbacher KE, Pau M, Wallner J, et al. Minimal invasive biopsy of intraconal expansion by PET/CT/MRI image-guided navigation:A new method. J Craniomaxillofac Surg, 2014, 42(7):1184-1189.
21. Chen W, Chen L, Yang S, et al. A novel technique for localization of small pulmonary nodules. Chest, 2007, 131(5):1526-1531.
22. 史華莉. CT三維重建技術對肺內孤立性結節的診斷價值. 中華臨床醫師雜志(電子版), 2014, 05:922-926.
23. Eberhardt R, Ernst A, Herth FJ. Ultrasound-guided transbronchial biopsy of solitary pulmonary nodules less than 20 mm. Eur Respir J, 2009, 34(6):1284-1287.
24. Piolanti M, Coppola F, Papa S, et al. Ultrasonographic localization of occult pulmonary nodules during video-assisted thoracic surgery. Eur Rradiol, 2003, 13(10):2358-2364.
25. Kondo R, Yoshida K, Hamanaka K, et al. Intraoperative ultrasonographic localization of pulmonary ground-glass opacities. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2009, 138(4):837-842.
26. 王維. 全胸腔鏡肺葉切除手術中超聲定位的應用. 昆明醫科大學學報, 2013, 34(11):33-36.
27. 洪斌, 沈學遠, 陳江勇. 聯合亞甲藍和99m^Tc-硫膠體核素示蹤法在早期非小細胞肺癌前哨淋巴結定位中的應用. 南方醫科大學學報, 2014, 34(7):1053-1056.
28. Jin KN, Lee KW, Kim TJ, et al. Computed tomography guided percutaneous injection of a mixture of lipiodol and methylene blue in rabbit lungs:evaluation of localization ability for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. J Korean Med Sci, 2014, 29(1):129-136.
29. Shentu Y, Zhang L, Gu H, et al. A new technique combining virtual simulation and methylene blue staining for the localization of small peripheral pulmonary lesions. BMC cancer, 2014, 14(2):79.
30. Lee NK, Park CM, Kang CH, et al. CT-guided percutaneous transthoracic localization of pulmonary nodules prior to videoassisted thoracoscopic surgery using barium suspension. Korean J Radiol, 2012, 13(6):694-701.
31. Nomori H, Horio H. Colored collagen is a long-lasting point marker for small pulmonary nodules in thoracoscopic operations. Ann Thorac Surg, 1996, 61(4):1070-1073.
32. Nomori H, Horio H, Morinaga S, et al. Usefulness of marking with colored collagen to localize small pulmonary nodules for thoracoscopic biopsy. J Japanese Respir Soc, 1998, 36(2):133-137.
33. Horio H, Nomori H. Thoracoscopic wedge resection of small pulmonary nodules——evaluation of Endofinger and colored collagen injection techniques for localization of pulmonary nodules. Nihon Kyobu Geka Gakkai Zasshi, 1996, 44(8):1059-1064.
34. 扶志敏. 肺部單純磨玻璃樣結節術前CT引導下鋇劑懸液定位的臨床研究. 中國醫師進修雜志, 2014, 08(37):30-32.
35. Kim YD, Jeong YJ, I H, et al. Localization of pulmonary nodules with lipiodol prior to t horacoscopic surgery. Acta Radiol, 2011, 52(1):64-69.
36. Kwon WJ, Kim HJ, Jeong YJ, et al. Direct lipiodol injection used for a radio-opaque lung marker:stability and histopathologic effects. Exp Lung Res, 2011, 37(5):310-317.
37. Yamagami T, Yoshimatsu R, Miura H, et al. Pneumonia occurring after injection of Lipiodol to localize pulmonary nodules before fluoroscopy-aided thoracoscopic resection. Acta Radiol Short Rep, 2014, 3(1):2047981613499754.
38. Zaman M, Bilal H, Woo CY, et al. In patients undergoing videoassisted thoracoscopic surgery excision, what is the best way to locate a subcentimetre solitary pulmonary nodule in order to achieve successful excision? Int Cardiovasc Thorac Surg, 2012, 15(2):266-272.
39. Iguchi T, Hiraki T, Gobara H, et al. Transfissural route used for preoperative localization of small pulmonary lesions with a short hook wire and suture system. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol, 2014, 38(1):222-226.
40. Huang W, Ye H, Wu Y, et al. Hook wire localization of pulmonary pure ground-glass opacities for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2014, 62(2):174-178.
41. 洪鳳鳴.術前CT引導下Hook-wire植入定位肺小結節的應用. 浙江實用醫學, 2014, 2(2):133-134.
42. Davini F, Gonfiotti A, Vaggelli L, et al. Thoracoscopic localization techniques for patients with solitary pulmonary nodule:radioguided surgery versus hookwire localization. J Cardiovasc Surg, 2006, 47(3):355-359.
43. 賈春祎. CT引導Hookwire定位下電視胸腔鏡手術對孤立性肺小結節的診療價值. 中國癌癥雜志, 2013, 23(11):917-920.
44. Pittet O, Christodoulou M, Pezzetta E, et al. Video-assisted thoracoscopic resection of a small pulmonary nodule after computed tomography-guided localization with a hook-wire system. Experience in 45 consecutive patients. World J Surg, 2007, 31(3):575-578.
45. 王升平. 胸腔鏡術前CT引導下Hook-wire定位肺內結節性病灶. 中華放射學雜志, 2010, 5(44):518-522.
46. Horan TA, Pinheiro PM, Araujo LM, et al. Massive gas embolism during pulmonary nodule hook wire localization. Ann Thorac Surg, 2002, 73(5):1647-1649.
47. 許劍揚. 術前CT 引導Hookwire穿刺聯合亞甲藍染色定位在胸腔鏡治療孤立性肺結節病變的應用. 中外健康文摘, 2014, 8(2):185-186.
48. Toba H, Kondo K, Miyoshi T, et al. Fluoroscopy-assisted thoracoscopic resection after computed tomography-guided bronchoscopic metallic coil marking for small peripheral pulmonary lesions. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2013, 44(2):126-132.
49. Liu L, Zhang LJ, Chen B, et al. Novel CT-guided coil localization of peripheral pulmonary nodules prior to video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery:a pilot study. Acta Radiol, 2014, 55(6):699-706.
50. Finley RJ, Mayo JR, Grant K, et al. Preoperative computed tomography-guided microcoil localization of small peripheral pulmonary nodules:A prospective randomized controlled trial. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2015, 149(1):26-32.
51. 劉倫旭, 劉成武.微小肺癌(≤2cm)微創診治探討. 中國胸心血管外科臨床雜志, 2014, 21(5):577-581.
52. Chen X, Wang S, Hao Z, et al. Wire missing:a rare presentation of preoperative localization wire system dislocation. J Cardiothorac Surg, 2014, 30(9):162.

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Advances in Preoperative Localization of Solitary Pulmonary Nodules for Video-assisted Thracoscopic Surgery

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