先天性心臟病外科治療中國專家共識（六）：完全型房室間隔缺損_Chinese Journal of Clinical Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery

Authors：

 陳寄梅 ¹ ,  李守軍代表國家心血管病專家委員會先天性心臟病專業委員會

1. ;
2. ;

Corresponding?author：

陳寄梅, Email: jimei@hotmail.com; 李守軍代表國家心血管病專家委員會先天性心臟病專業委員會, Email: drlishoujun@yahoo.com

Keywords：

完全型房室間隔缺損; 先天性心臟病; 外科治療; 專家共識

DOI：

10.7507/1007-4848.202004032

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Citation： 陳寄梅, 李守軍代表國家心血管病專家委員會先天性心臟病專業委員會. 先天性心臟病外科治療中國專家共識（六）：完全型房室間隔缺損. Chinese Journal of Clinical Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 2020, 27(7): 725-731. doi: 10.7507/1007-4848.202004032 Copy

1.	Jacobs JP, Burke RP, Quintessenza JA, et al. Congenital Heart Surgery Nomenclature and Database Project: atrioventricular canal defect. Ann Thorac Surg, 2000, 69(4 Suppl): S36-S43.
2.	Calkoen EE, Hazekamp MG, Blom NA, et al. Atrioventricular septal defect: From embryonic development to long-term follow-up. Int J Cardiol, 2016, 202: 784-795.
3.	Irving CA, Chaudhari MP. Cardiovascular abnormalities in Down's syndrome: spectrum, management and survival over 22 years. Arch Dis Child, 2012, 97(4): 326-330.
4.	Christensen N, Andersen H, Garne E, et al. Atrioventricular septal defects among infants in Europe: a population-based study of prevalence, associated anomalies, and survival. Cardiol Young, 2013, 23(4): 560-567.
5.	Baufreton C, Journois D, Leca F, et al. Ten-year experience with surgical treatment of partial atrioventricular septal defect: risk factors in the early postoperative period. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 1996, 112(1): 14-20.
6.	De Angelis F, Savino K, Colombo A, et al. Never too grown-up for a congenital heart disease: diagnosis of transitional atrioventricular canal in a 50-year-old male. J Cardiovasc Echogr, 2019, 29(1): 35-38.
7.	Jacobs JP, Jacobs ML, Mavroudis C, et al. Atrioventricular septal defects: lessons learned about patterns of practice and outcomes from the congenital heart surgery database of the society of thoracic surgeons. World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg, 2010, 1(1): 68-77.
8.	Craig B. Atrioventricular septal defect: from fetus to adult. Heart, 2006, 92(12): 1879-1885.
9.	Hoohenkerk GJ, Bruggemans EF, Rijlaarsdam M, et al. More than 30 years' experience with surgical correction of atrioventricular septal defects. Ann Thorac Surg, 2010, 90(5): 1554-1561.
10.	Lillehei CW, Cohen M, Warden HE, et al. The direct-vision intracardiac correction of congenital anomalies by controlled cross circulation; results in thirty-two patients with ventricular septal defects, tetralogy of Fallot, and atrioventricularis communis defects. Surgery, 1955, 38(1): 11-29.
11.	McMullan MH, Wallace RB, Weidman WH, et al. Surgical treatment of complete atrioventricular canal. Surgery, 1972, 72(6): 905-912.
12.	Rastelli GC, Ongley PA, Kirklin JW, et al. Surgical repair of the complete form of persistent common atrioventricular canal. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 1968, 55(3): 299-308.
13.	Fong LS, Betts K, Kannekanti R, et al. Modified-single patch vs. double patch repair of complete atrioventricular septal defects. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2020, 32(1): 108-116.
14.	Wilcox BR, Jones DR, Frantz EG, et al. Anatomically sound, simplified approach to repair of "complete" atrioventricular septal defect. Ann Thorac Surg, 1997, 64(2): 487-493.
15.	Nicholson IA, Nunn GR, Sholler GF, et al. Simplified single patch technique for the repair of atrioventricular septal defect. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 1999, 118(4): 642-646.
16.	Nunn GR. Atrioventricular canal: modified single patch technique. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg Pediatr Card Surg Annu, 2007, 10(1): 28-31.
17.	Shi G, Chen H, Hong H, et al. Results of one-and-a-half-patch technique for repair of complete atrioventricular septal defect with a large ventricular component. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2015, 47(3): 520-524.
18.	Backer CL, Stewart RD, Mavroudis C. What is the best technique for repair of complete atrioventricular canal? Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2007, 19(3): 249-257.
19.	Cui H, Nie Z, Ou Y, et al. Early and midterm outcomes of a modified single-patch technique for repairing complete atrioventricular septal defect in children and adults. J Card Surg, 2020, 35(1): 75-82.
20.	Rastelli G, Kirklin JW, Titus JL. Anatomic observations on complete form of persistent common atrioventricular canal with special reference to atrioventricular valves. Mayo Clin Proc, 1966, 41(5): 296-308.
21.	Mery CM, Zea-Vera R, Chacon-Portillo MA, et al. Contemporary outcomes after repair of isolated and complex complete atrioventricular septal defect. Ann Thorac Surg, 2018, 106(5): 1429-1437.
22.	Airaksinen R, Mattila I, Jokinen E, et al. Complete atrioventricular septal defect: evolution of results in a single center during 50 years. Ann Thorac Surg, 2019, 107(6): 1824-1830.
23.	Bharati S, Kirklin JW, McAllister HA Jr, et al. The surgical anatomy of common atrioventricular orifice associated with tetralogy of Fallot, double outlet right ventricle and complete regular transposition. Circulation, 1980, 61(6): 1142-1149.
24.	Quaegebeur J, Kirklin JW, Pacifico AD, et al. Surgical experience with unroofed coronary sinus. Ann Thorac Surg, 1979, 27(5): 418-425.
25.	崔虎軍, 莊建, 陳寄梅, 等. 完全性房室隔缺損外科治療的早中期結果. 中華外科雜志, 2017, 55(12): 933-937.
26.	Piccoli GP, Ho SY, Wilkinson JL, et al. Left-sided obstructive lesions in atrioventricular septal defects: an anatomic study. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 1982, 83(3): 453-460.
27.	Gow RM, Freedom RM, Williams WG, et al. Coarctation of the aorta or subaortic stenosis with atrioventricular septal defect. Am J Cardiol, 1984, 53(10): 1421-1428.
28.	Ba?o-Rodrigo A, Van Praagh S, Trowitzsch E, et al. Double-orifice mitral valve: a study of 27 postmortem cases with developmental, diagnostic and surgical considerations. Am J Cardiol, 1988, 61(1): 152-160.
29.	Bush D, Galambos C, Ivy DD, et al. Clinical characteristics and risk factors for developing pulmonary hypertension in children with down syndrome. J Pediatr, 2018, 202: 212-219.
30.	Yamaki S, Yasui H, Kado H, et al. Pulmonary vascular disease and operative indications in complete atrioventricular canal defect in early infancy. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 1993, 106(3): 398-405.
31.	Newfeld EA, Sher M, Paul MH, et al. Pulmonary vascular disease in complete atrioventricular canal defect. Am J Cardiol, 1977, 39(5): 721-726.
32.	Zellers TM, Zehr R, Weinstein E, et al. Two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography alone can adequately define preoperative anatomy and hemodynamic status before repair of complete atrioventricular septal defect in infants <1 year old. J Am Coll Cardiol, 1994, 24(6): 1565-1570.
33.	Clapp SK, Perry BL, Farooki ZQ, et al. Surgical and medical results of complete atrioventricular canal: a ten year review. Am J Cardiol, 1987, 59(5): 454-458.
34.	Jegatheeswaran A, Pizarro C, Caldarone CA, et al. Echocardiographic definition and surgical decision-making in unbalanced atrioventricular septal defect: a Congenital Heart Surgeons' Society multiinstitutional study. Circulation, 2010, 122(11 Suppl): S209-215.
35.	Crawford FA, Stroud MR. Surgical repair of complete atrioventricular septal defect. Ann Thorac Surg, 2001, 72(5): 1621-1629.
36.	Günther T, Mazzitelli D, Haehnel CJ, et al. Long-term results after repair of complete atrioventricular septal defects: analysis of risk factors. Ann Thorac Surg, 1998, 65(3): 754-759.
37.	Atz AM, Hawkins JA, Lu M, et al. Surgical management of complete atrioventricular septal defect: associations with surgical technique, age, and trisomy 21. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2011, 141(6): 1371-1379.
38.	Bakhtiary F, Takacs J, Cho MY, et al. Long-term results after repair of complete atrioventricular septal defect with two-patch technique. Ann Thorac Surg, 2010, 89(4): 1239-1243.
39.	Singh RR, Warren PS, Reece TB, et al. Early repair of complete atrioventricular septal defect is safe and effective. Ann Thorac Surg, 2006, 82(5): 1598-1601.
40.	Kobayashi M, Takahashi Y, Ando M. Ideal timing of surgical repair of isolated complete atrioventricular septal defect. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg, 2007, 6(1): 24-26.
41.	Lacour-Gayet F, Campbell DN, Mitchell M, et al. Surgical repair of atrioventricular septal defect with common atrioventricular valve in early infancy. Cardiol Young, 2006, 16(Suppl 3): 52-58.
42.	Cohen MS, Jacobs ML, Weinberg PM, et al. Morphometric analysis of unbalanced common atrioventricular canal using two-dimensional echocardiography. J Am Coll Cardiol, 1996, 28(4): 1017-1023.
43.	Devlin PJ, Jegatheeswaran A, McCrindle BW, et al. Pulmonary artery banding in complete atrioventricular septal defect. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2020, 159(4): 1493-1503.
44.	Buratto E, Khoo B, Ye XT, et al. Long-term outcome after pulmonary artery banding in children with atrioventricular septal defects. Ann Thorac Surg, 2018, 106(1): 138-144.
45.	Alsoufi B. Commentary: Pulmonary artery banding in infants with atrioventricular septal defect, valid strategy or backward move? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2020, 159(4): 1504-1506.
46.	St Louis JD, Jodhka U, Jacobs JP, et al. Contemporary outcomes of complete atrioventricular septal defect repair: analysis of the Society of Thoracic Surgeons Congenital Heart Surgery Database. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2014, 148(6): 2526-2531.
47.	Alexi-Meskishvili V, Ishino K, D?hnert I, et al. Correction of complete atrioventricular septal defects with the double-patch technique and cleft closure. Ann Thorac Surg, 1996, 62(2): 519-524.
48.	Mavroudis C, Backer C, Chief editor. Pediatric Cardiac Surgery. the 4^th ed. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2013. 342-360.
49.	Li D, Fan Q, Iwase T, et al. Modified single-patch technique versus two-patch technique for the repair of complete atrioventricular septal defect: A meta-analysis. Pediatr Cardiol, 2017, 38(7): 1456-1464.
50.	Dodge-Khatami A, Herger S, Rousson V, et al. Outcomes and reoperations after total correction of complete atrio-ventricular septal defect. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2008, 34(4): 745-750.
51.	Boening A, Scheewe J, Heine K, et al. Long-term results after surgical correction of atrioventricular septal defects. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2002, 22(2): 167-173.
52.	Shuhaiber JH, Ho SY, Rigby M, et al. Current options and outcomes for the management of atrioventricular septal defect. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2009, 35(5): 891-900.
53.	Pan G, Song L, Zhou X, et al. Complete atrioventricular septal defect: comparison of modified single-patch technique with two-patch technique in infants. J Card Surg, 2014, 29(2): 251-255.
54.	莫緒明, 孫劍, 彭衛, 等. 單片下壓法矯治 122 例完全型房室間隔缺損. 中華胸心血管外科雜志, 2014, 30(10): 582-585.
55.	陳偉丹, 馬力, 楊盛春, 等. 完全性房室間隔缺損合并法洛四聯癥或右心室雙出口的雙心室矯治. 中華胸心血管外科雜志, 2019, 35(9): 523-525.
56.	Prifti E. Repair of complete atrioventricular septal defect with tetralogy of Fallot. Transl Pediatr, 2017, 6(1): 1-7.
57.	Mitchell ME, Litwin SB, Tweddell JS. Complex atrioventricular canal. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg Pediatr Card Surg Annu, 2007: 32-41.
58.	Poirier NC, Williams WG, Van Arsdell GS, et al. A novel repair for patients with atrioventricular septal defect requiring reoperation for left atrioventricular valve regurgitation. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2000, 18(1): 54-61.
59.	Prifti E, Bonacchi M, Baboci A, et al. Surgical outcome of reoperation due to left atrioventricular valve regurgitation after previous correction of complete atrioventricular septal defect. J Card Surg, 2013, 28(6): 756-763.
60.	McGrath LB, Kirklin JW, Soto B, et al. Secondary left atrioventricular valve replacement in atrioventricular septal (AV canal) defect: a method to avoid left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 1985, 89(4): 632-635.
61.	Pontailler M, Capderou A, Lebret E, et al. Subaortic area at risk for development of obstruction after surgical repair of atrioventricular septal defect: myth or reality? World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg, 2015, 6(3): 407-412.
62.	Backer CL, Eltayeb O, Mongé MC, et al. Modified single patch: are we still worried about subaortic stenosis? Ann Thorac Surg, 2015, 99(5): 1671-1675.
63.	Starr A, Hovaguimian H. Surgical repair of subaortic stenosis in atrioventricular canal defects. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 1994, 108(2): 373-376.
64.	Van Arsdell GS, Williams WG, Boutin C, et al. Subaortic stenosis in the spectrum of atrioventricular septal defects. Solutions may be complex and palliative. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 1995, 110(5): 1534-1541.
65.	van Son JA, Schneider P, Falk V. Repair of subaortic stenosis in atrioventricular canal with absent or restrictive interventricular communication by patch augmentation of ventricular septum, resuspension of atrioventricular valves, and septal myectomy. Mayo Clin Proc, 1997, 72(3): 220-224.
66.	DeLeon SY, Ilbawi MN, Wilson WR Jr, et al. Surgical options in subaortic stenosis associated with endocardial cushion defects. Ann Thorac Surg, 1991, 52(5): 1076-1082.
67.	Houck CA, Evertz R, Teuwen CP, et al. Dysrhythmias in patients with a complete atrioventricular septal defect: From surgery to early adulthood. Congenit Heart Dis, 2019, 14(2): 280-287.
68.	Kharbanda RK, Blom NA, Hazekamp MG, et al. Incidence and risk factors of post-operative arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death after atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD) correction: Up to 47 years of follow-up. Int J Cardiol, 2018, 252: 88-93.
69.	Tumanyan MR, Filaretova OV, Chechneva VV, et al. Repair of complete atrioventricular septal defect in infants with down syndrome: outcomes and long-term results. Pediatr Cardiol, 2015, 36(1): 71-75.
70.	Frescura C, Thiene G, Franceschini E, et al. Pulmonary vascular disease in infants with complete atrioventricular septal defect. Int J Cardiol, 1987, 15(1): 91-103.
71.	Berger TJ, Blackstone EH, Kirklin JW, et al. Survival and probability of cure without and with operation in complete atrioventricular canal. Ann Thorac Surg, 1979, 27(2): 104-111.
72.	Fong LS, Winlaw DS, Orr Y. Is the modified single-patch repair superior to the double-patch repair of complete atrioventricular septal defects? Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg, 2019, 28(3): 427-431.
73.	Wang G, Ma K, Pang K, et al. Modified single repair technique for complete atrioventricular septal defect: A propensity score matching analysis. Pediatr Cardiol, 2020, 41(3): 615-623.
74.	Backer CL, Stewart RD, Bailliard F, et al. Complete atrioventricular canal: comparison of modified single-patch technique with two-patch technique. Ann Thorac Surg, 2007, 84(6): 2038-2046.
75.	Ugaki S, Khoo NS, Ross DB, et al. Modified single-patch compared with two-patch repair of complete atrioventricular septal defect. Ann Thorac Surg, 2014, 97(2): 666-671.
76.	Bull C, Rigby ML, Shinebourne EA. Should management of complete atrioventricular canal defect be influenced by coexistent down syndrome? Lancet, 1985, 1(8438): 1147-1149.
77.	Sar?soy ?, Ayabakan C, Tokel K, et al. Long-term outcomes in patients who underwent surgical correction for atrioventricular septal defect. Anatol J Cardiol, 2018, 20(4): 229-234.

1. Jacobs JP, Burke RP, Quintessenza JA, et al. Congenital Heart Surgery Nomenclature and Database Project: atrioventricular canal defect. Ann Thorac Surg, 2000, 69(4 Suppl): S36-S43.
2. Calkoen EE, Hazekamp MG, Blom NA, et al. Atrioventricular septal defect: From embryonic development to long-term follow-up. Int J Cardiol, 2016, 202: 784-795.
3. Irving CA, Chaudhari MP. Cardiovascular abnormalities in Down's syndrome: spectrum, management and survival over 22 years. Arch Dis Child, 2012, 97(4): 326-330.
4. Christensen N, Andersen H, Garne E, et al. Atrioventricular septal defects among infants in Europe: a population-based study of prevalence, associated anomalies, and survival. Cardiol Young, 2013, 23(4): 560-567.
5. Baufreton C, Journois D, Leca F, et al. Ten-year experience with surgical treatment of partial atrioventricular septal defect: risk factors in the early postoperative period. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 1996, 112(1): 14-20.
6. De Angelis F, Savino K, Colombo A, et al. Never too grown-up for a congenital heart disease: diagnosis of transitional atrioventricular canal in a 50-year-old male. J Cardiovasc Echogr, 2019, 29(1): 35-38.
7. Jacobs JP, Jacobs ML, Mavroudis C, et al. Atrioventricular septal defects: lessons learned about patterns of practice and outcomes from the congenital heart surgery database of the society of thoracic surgeons. World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg, 2010, 1(1): 68-77.
8. Craig B. Atrioventricular septal defect: from fetus to adult. Heart, 2006, 92(12): 1879-1885.
9. Hoohenkerk GJ, Bruggemans EF, Rijlaarsdam M, et al. More than 30 years' experience with surgical correction of atrioventricular septal defects. Ann Thorac Surg, 2010, 90(5): 1554-1561.
10. Lillehei CW, Cohen M, Warden HE, et al. The direct-vision intracardiac correction of congenital anomalies by controlled cross circulation; results in thirty-two patients with ventricular septal defects, tetralogy of Fallot, and atrioventricularis communis defects. Surgery, 1955, 38(1): 11-29.
11. McMullan MH, Wallace RB, Weidman WH, et al. Surgical treatment of complete atrioventricular canal. Surgery, 1972, 72(6): 905-912.
12. Rastelli GC, Ongley PA, Kirklin JW, et al. Surgical repair of the complete form of persistent common atrioventricular canal. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 1968, 55(3): 299-308.
13. Fong LS, Betts K, Kannekanti R, et al. Modified-single patch vs. double patch repair of complete atrioventricular septal defects. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2020, 32(1): 108-116.
14. Wilcox BR, Jones DR, Frantz EG, et al. Anatomically sound, simplified approach to repair of "complete" atrioventricular septal defect. Ann Thorac Surg, 1997, 64(2): 487-493.
15. Nicholson IA, Nunn GR, Sholler GF, et al. Simplified single patch technique for the repair of atrioventricular septal defect. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 1999, 118(4): 642-646.
16. Nunn GR. Atrioventricular canal: modified single patch technique. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg Pediatr Card Surg Annu, 2007, 10(1): 28-31.
17. Shi G, Chen H, Hong H, et al. Results of one-and-a-half-patch technique for repair of complete atrioventricular septal defect with a large ventricular component. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2015, 47(3): 520-524.
18. Backer CL, Stewart RD, Mavroudis C. What is the best technique for repair of complete atrioventricular canal? Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2007, 19(3): 249-257.
19. Cui H, Nie Z, Ou Y, et al. Early and midterm outcomes of a modified single-patch technique for repairing complete atrioventricular septal defect in children and adults. J Card Surg, 2020, 35(1): 75-82.
20. Rastelli G, Kirklin JW, Titus JL. Anatomic observations on complete form of persistent common atrioventricular canal with special reference to atrioventricular valves. Mayo Clin Proc, 1966, 41(5): 296-308.
21. Mery CM, Zea-Vera R, Chacon-Portillo MA, et al. Contemporary outcomes after repair of isolated and complex complete atrioventricular septal defect. Ann Thorac Surg, 2018, 106(5): 1429-1437.
22. Airaksinen R, Mattila I, Jokinen E, et al. Complete atrioventricular septal defect: evolution of results in a single center during 50 years. Ann Thorac Surg, 2019, 107(6): 1824-1830.
23. Bharati S, Kirklin JW, McAllister HA Jr, et al. The surgical anatomy of common atrioventricular orifice associated with tetralogy of Fallot, double outlet right ventricle and complete regular transposition. Circulation, 1980, 61(6): 1142-1149.
24. Quaegebeur J, Kirklin JW, Pacifico AD, et al. Surgical experience with unroofed coronary sinus. Ann Thorac Surg, 1979, 27(5): 418-425.
25. 崔虎軍, 莊建, 陳寄梅, 等. 完全性房室隔缺損外科治療的早中期結果. 中華外科雜志, 2017, 55(12): 933-937.
26. Piccoli GP, Ho SY, Wilkinson JL, et al. Left-sided obstructive lesions in atrioventricular septal defects: an anatomic study. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 1982, 83(3): 453-460.
27. Gow RM, Freedom RM, Williams WG, et al. Coarctation of the aorta or subaortic stenosis with atrioventricular septal defect. Am J Cardiol, 1984, 53(10): 1421-1428.
28. Ba?o-Rodrigo A, Van Praagh S, Trowitzsch E, et al. Double-orifice mitral valve: a study of 27 postmortem cases with developmental, diagnostic and surgical considerations. Am J Cardiol, 1988, 61(1): 152-160.
29. Bush D, Galambos C, Ivy DD, et al. Clinical characteristics and risk factors for developing pulmonary hypertension in children with down syndrome. J Pediatr, 2018, 202: 212-219.
30. Yamaki S, Yasui H, Kado H, et al. Pulmonary vascular disease and operative indications in complete atrioventricular canal defect in early infancy. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 1993, 106(3): 398-405.
31. Newfeld EA, Sher M, Paul MH, et al. Pulmonary vascular disease in complete atrioventricular canal defect. Am J Cardiol, 1977, 39(5): 721-726.
32. Zellers TM, Zehr R, Weinstein E, et al. Two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography alone can adequately define preoperative anatomy and hemodynamic status before repair of complete atrioventricular septal defect in infants <1 year old. J Am Coll Cardiol, 1994, 24(6): 1565-1570.
33. Clapp SK, Perry BL, Farooki ZQ, et al. Surgical and medical results of complete atrioventricular canal: a ten year review. Am J Cardiol, 1987, 59(5): 454-458.
34. Jegatheeswaran A, Pizarro C, Caldarone CA, et al. Echocardiographic definition and surgical decision-making in unbalanced atrioventricular septal defect: a Congenital Heart Surgeons' Society multiinstitutional study. Circulation, 2010, 122(11 Suppl): S209-215.
35. Crawford FA, Stroud MR. Surgical repair of complete atrioventricular septal defect. Ann Thorac Surg, 2001, 72(5): 1621-1629.
36. Günther T, Mazzitelli D, Haehnel CJ, et al. Long-term results after repair of complete atrioventricular septal defects: analysis of risk factors. Ann Thorac Surg, 1998, 65(3): 754-759.
37. Atz AM, Hawkins JA, Lu M, et al. Surgical management of complete atrioventricular septal defect: associations with surgical technique, age, and trisomy 21. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2011, 141(6): 1371-1379.
38. Bakhtiary F, Takacs J, Cho MY, et al. Long-term results after repair of complete atrioventricular septal defect with two-patch technique. Ann Thorac Surg, 2010, 89(4): 1239-1243.
39. Singh RR, Warren PS, Reece TB, et al. Early repair of complete atrioventricular septal defect is safe and effective. Ann Thorac Surg, 2006, 82(5): 1598-1601.
40. Kobayashi M, Takahashi Y, Ando M. Ideal timing of surgical repair of isolated complete atrioventricular septal defect. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg, 2007, 6(1): 24-26.
41. Lacour-Gayet F, Campbell DN, Mitchell M, et al. Surgical repair of atrioventricular septal defect with common atrioventricular valve in early infancy. Cardiol Young, 2006, 16(Suppl 3): 52-58.
42. Cohen MS, Jacobs ML, Weinberg PM, et al. Morphometric analysis of unbalanced common atrioventricular canal using two-dimensional echocardiography. J Am Coll Cardiol, 1996, 28(4): 1017-1023.
43. Devlin PJ, Jegatheeswaran A, McCrindle BW, et al. Pulmonary artery banding in complete atrioventricular septal defect. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2020, 159(4): 1493-1503.
44. Buratto E, Khoo B, Ye XT, et al. Long-term outcome after pulmonary artery banding in children with atrioventricular septal defects. Ann Thorac Surg, 2018, 106(1): 138-144.
45. Alsoufi B. Commentary: Pulmonary artery banding in infants with atrioventricular septal defect, valid strategy or backward move? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2020, 159(4): 1504-1506.
46. St Louis JD, Jodhka U, Jacobs JP, et al. Contemporary outcomes of complete atrioventricular septal defect repair: analysis of the Society of Thoracic Surgeons Congenital Heart Surgery Database. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2014, 148(6): 2526-2531.
47. Alexi-Meskishvili V, Ishino K, D?hnert I, et al. Correction of complete atrioventricular septal defects with the double-patch technique and cleft closure. Ann Thorac Surg, 1996, 62(2): 519-524.
48. Mavroudis C, Backer C, Chief editor. Pediatric Cardiac Surgery. the 4^th ed. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2013. 342-360.
49. Li D, Fan Q, Iwase T, et al. Modified single-patch technique versus two-patch technique for the repair of complete atrioventricular septal defect: A meta-analysis. Pediatr Cardiol, 2017, 38(7): 1456-1464.
50. Dodge-Khatami A, Herger S, Rousson V, et al. Outcomes and reoperations after total correction of complete atrio-ventricular septal defect. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2008, 34(4): 745-750.
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