Analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies and immune function of COVID-19 patients one year after discharge_Chinese Journal of Clinical Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery

Authors：

ZHAO Bennan ¹ , ZHONG Jing ² , ZHOU Mi ² , LIU Dafeng ¹ ,  WANG Dongmei ³ ,  YUAN Yuan ⁴

1. Department of Comprehensive Internal Medicine, Chengdu Public Health Clinical Medical Center, Chengdu, 610061, P.R.China;
2. Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chengdu Public Health Clinical Medical Center, Chengdu, 610061, P.R.China;
3. Department of Science and Education Division, Chengdu Public Health Clinical Medical Center, Chengdu, 610061, P.R.China;
4. Department of Infection Division, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610513, P.R.China;

Corresponding?author：

WANG Dongmei, Email: herringdong@126.com; YUAN Yuan, Email: 14334202@qq.com

Keywords：

COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; IgG antibody; cellular immune function

DOI：

10.7507/1007-4848.202105022

Video：

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Objective To summarize the results of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) IgG antibody, total antibody and cellular immune function of COVID-19 convalescent patients one year after discharge, and to analyze the correlation between the SARS-CoV-2 antibody and the indexes of immune function. Methods A total of 41 confirmed COVID-19 patients discharged from Chengdu Public Health Clinical Medical Center from January to April 2020 and followed up one year after discharge were included in the study as the research group, including 18 males and 23 females with an average age of 47.83±12.95 years. The results of SARS-CoV-2 IgG, total antibody and immune function indexes one year after discharge were collected in order to discuss the correlation of SARS-CoV-2 and cellular immune function. A total of 40 healthy employees of the hospital vaccinated against COVID-19 were randomly selected as the vaccine group, including 10 males and 30 females with an average age of 43.90±6.86 years. The SARS-CoV-2 antibodies between the two groups were compared. Results CD8⁺T cell count was higher and CD4⁺T/CD8⁺T was lower in male patients than those in female patients (all P<0.05). The IgG and total antibodies in patients with re-detectable positive RNA test were both higher than those in patients without re-detectable positive RNA test, but the differences were not statistically significant (P=0.158, 0.060). The positive rate of SARS-CoV-2 IgG in the research group was 80.5% (33/41). SARS-CoV-2 IgG was positively correlated with total antibody (P<0.001). There was a positive correlation between CD4⁺T cell count and SARS-CoV-2 IgG (r=0.455, P=0.003). The positive rate of SARS-CoV-2 IgG, SARS-CoV-2 IgG amount and total antibody amount in the research group were significantly higher than those in the vaccine group (all P<0.001). Conclusion SARS-CoV-2 IgG of most COVID-19 patients one year after discharge is positive, and their SARS-CoV-2 total antibody is significantly higher than people vaccinated against COVID-19, which suggests that patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 can obtain lasting protection, but the protection may be gradually weaken over time. The degree of antibody attenuation in patients with re-detectable positive RNA test may be weaker. In the convalescence stage, the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 IgG may be closely related to cellular immune function.

Citation： ZHAO Bennan, ZHONG Jing, ZHOU Mi, LIU Dafeng, WANG Dongmei, YUAN Yuan. Analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies and immune function of COVID-19 patients one year after discharge. Chinese Journal of Clinical Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 2021, 28(11): 1277-1282. doi: 10.7507/1007-4848.202105022 Copy

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1. Wang C, Horby PW, Hayden FG, et al. A novel coronavirus outbreak of global health concern. Lancet, 2020, 395(10223): 470-473.
2. WHO. COVID-19 situation reports. 2021. URL: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/situation-reports. Accessed on 2021-05-07.
3. Huang C, Huang L, Wang Y, et al. 6-month consequences of COVID-19 in patients discharged from hospital: A cohort study. Lancet, 2021, 397(10270): 220-232.
4. 國家衛生健康委疾病預防控制局. 新冠病毒疫苗接種技術指南(第一版). 中國衛生經濟, 2021, 40(4): 21.
5. 國家衛生健康委辦公廳. 新型冠狀病毒肺炎診療方案(試行第七版). 傳染病信息, 2020, 33(1): 1-6, 26.
6. 寧鐵林, 朱效科, 鄭敏娜. 天津地區健康人外周血CD4、CD8淋巴細胞正常參考值研究. 中國慢性病預防與控制, 2007, 15(5): 432-434.
7. 蔣衛民, 潘孝彰, 康來儀, 等. 上海地區成人不同年齡組間CD4、CD8淋巴細胞計數正常值調查. 中華傳染病雜志, 2002, 20(4): 203-205.
8. Long QX, Liu BZ, Deng HJ, et al. Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in patients with COVID-19. Nat Med, 2020, 26(6): 845-848.
9. 王星, 吳茜, 李紅蔚, 等. 天津地區新型冠狀病毒肺炎患者特異性IgM和IgG動態變化研究. 天津醫藥, 2021, 49(1): 41-44.
10. Liu C, Yu X, Gao C, et al. Characterization of antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in convalescent COVID-19 patients. J Med Virol, 2021, 93(4): 2227-2233.
11. 余珊, 葉祖峰, 陳麗, 等. 41例新型冠狀病毒肺炎患者血清抗體檢測分析. 微生物學免疫學進展, 2021, 49(1): 48-52.
12. He Z, Ren L, Yang J, et al. Seroprevalence and humoral immune durability of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in Wuhan, China: A longitudinal, population-level, cross-sectional study. Lancet, 2021, 397(10279): 1075-1084.
13. Xia S, Duan K, Zhang Y, et al. Effect of an inactivated vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 on safety and immunogenicity outcomes: Interim analysis of 2 randomized clinical trials. JAMA, 2020, 324(10): 951-960.
14. 環球時報. 國藥發布疫苗三期數據: 保護效力為79.34%. URL: https://world.huanqiu.com/article/41JrcburUyV. Accessed on 2020-12-31.
15. 國家衛生健康委員會. 國務院聯防聯控機制2021年3月28日新聞發布會文字實錄. URL: http://www.nhc.gov.cn/xcs/fkdt/202103/b8e12b9385b44813af117faad928b7d3.shtml. Accessed on 2020-03-28.
16. Zhao J, Yuan Q, Wang H, et al. Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in patients with novel coronavirus disease 2019. Clin Infect Dis, 2020, 71(16): 2027-2034.
17. Gao Z, Xu Y, Guo Y, et al. A systematic review of re-detectable positive virus nucleic acid among COVID-19 patients in recovery phase. Infect Genet Evol, 2020, 85: 104494.

Chinese Journal of Clinical Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery

Analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies and immune function of COVID-19 patients one year after discharge

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