Research progression of application of imagings and tumor markers in preoperative TN staging of colorectal cancer_CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

Authors：

LU Rongzeng , GAO Hongyan , LEI Xing , GAO Yongtao ,  BAI Tiecheng

Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Yan’an University, Yan’an, Shaanxi ?716000, P. R. China;

Corresponding?author：

BAI Tiecheng, Email: btch6849@163.com

Keywords：

colorectal cancer; preoperative staging; imaging; tumor marker

DOI：

10.7507/1007-9424.201612030

Video：

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Objective To summarize progress of imagings and tumor markers in preoperative TN staging of colorectal cancer. Methods The domestic and international published literatures related to application of imagings such as EUS, CT, and MRI and tumor markers such as CEA, CA19-9, and CA-242 in preoperative TN staging of colorectal cancer were collected and reviewed. Results The imagings and tumor markers have different values in the preoperative TN staging of colorectal cancer, but the value of a single application is limited. The combination of imagings and tumor markers could improve the diagnostic accuracy of the preoperative TN staging of colorectal cancer. Conclusion In clinical work, combination of imagings and tumor markers should be selected basing on actual situation of patients so as to improve accuracy of preoperative TN staging of colorectal cancer, and guide clinical treatment and improve prognosis of patients.

Citation： LU Rongzeng, GAO Hongyan, LEI Xing, GAO Yongtao, BAI Tiecheng. Research progression of application of imagings and tumor markers in preoperative TN staging of colorectal cancer. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY, 2017, 24(9): 1161-1166. doi: 10.7507/1007-9424.201612030 Copy

1.	Siegel RL, Miller KD, Fedewa SA, et al. Colorectal cancer statistics, 2017. CA Cancer J Clin, 2017, 67(3): 177-193.
2.	陳萬青, 鄭榮壽, 張思維, 等. 2012 年中國惡性腫瘤發病和死亡分析. 中國腫瘤, 2016, 25(1): 1-8.
3.	向國卿, 趙瑩, 朱佳, 等. 9 769 例結直腸癌的構成特征及變化趨勢. 現代腫瘤醫學, 2016, 24(20): 3236-3239.
4.	Torre LA, Bray F, Siegel RL, et al. Global cancer statistics, 2012. CA Cancer J Clin, 2015, 65(2): 87-108.
5.	May A, Ell C. Gastroenterological endoscopy. Dtsch Med Wochenschr, 2011, 136(5): 206-208.
6.	彭明, 徐海榮, 劉剛, 等. 超聲內鏡在結直腸癌術前精確診斷的臨床價值. 廣西醫學, 2016, 38(2): 266-267, 279.
7.	余志金, 彭曉峰, 陳惠新. 超聲內鏡在大腸癌診斷及微創治療中的應用. 中國臨床新醫學, 2015, 8(5): 408-410.
8.	Puli SR, Bechtold ML, Reddy JB, et al. How good is endoscopic ultrasound in differentiating various T stages of rectal cancer? Meta-analysis and systematic review. Ann Surg Oncol, 2009, 16(2): 254-265.
9.	德吉, 秦金玉, 郭天驕, 等. 超聲內鏡在結直腸癌術前分期中的應用. 四川醫學, 2015, 36(3): 261-265.
10.	Car?an? ET, Gheonea DI, S?ftoiu A. Advances in endoscopic ultrasound imaging of colorectal diseases. World J Gastroenterol, 2016, 22(5): 1756-1766.
11.	韋捷, 杜凌, 陳剛, 等. 超聲內鏡在結直腸癌術前分期及手術方案指導中的應用. 廣州醫藥, 2016, 47(3): 56-58.
12.	Maleki Z, Erozan Y, Geddes S, et al. Endorectal ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration: a useful diagnostic tool for perirectal and intraluminal lesions. Acta Cytol, 2013, 57(1): 9-18.
13.	Waage JE, Bach SP, Pfeffer F, et al. Combined endorectal ultrasonography and strain elastography for the staging of early rectal cancer. Colorectal Dis, 2015, 17(1): 50-56.
14.	Kolev NY, Tonev AY, Ignatov VL, et al. The role of 3-D endorectal ultrasound in rectal cancer: our experience. Int Surg, 2014, 99(2): 106-111.
15.	Karabacak OR, Cakmakci E, Ozturk U, et al. Virtual cystoscopy: the evaluation of bladder lesions with computed tomographic virtual cystoscopy. Can Urol Assoc J, 2011, 5(1): 34-37.
16.	路成文, 張彬. CT、MR 對盆腔結、直腸癌術前 TN 分期的應用價值. 醫學影像學雜志, 2015, 25(7): 1204-1208, 1220.
17.	陳鳳麗, 郝粉娥, 黃應龍. 常規全腹部增強 CT 結直腸癌術前評估的初步研究. 局解手術學雜志, 2016, 25(9): 640-643.
18.	Tezcan D, Türkvatan A, Türko?lu MA, et al. Preoperative staging of colorectal cancer: accuracy of single portal venous phase multidetector computed tomography. Clin Imaging, 2013, 37(6): 1048-1053.
19.	Stagnitti A, Barchetti F, Barchetti G, et al. Preoperative staging of colorectal cancer using virtual colonoscopy: correlation with surgical results. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 2015, 19(9): 1645-1651.
20.	Kijima S, Sasaki T, Nagata K, et al. Preoperative evaluation of colorectal cancer using CT colonography, MRI, and PET/CT. World J Gastroenterol, 2014, 20(45): 16964-16975.
21.	官曉暉, 馬隆佰, 林華. 64 排螺旋 CT 掃描對大腸癌診斷及分期的價值. 中國CT和MRI雜志, 2014, 12(5): 73-76, 89.
22.	Lee JH, Lee MR. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography in the staging of colon cancer. Ann Coloproctol, 2014, 30(1): 23-27.
23.	任浩棠, 王毅均, 李瑞平, 等. 64 層 ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT 在結腸癌 N 分期中的診斷價值 (附 73 例報告). 結直腸肛門外科, 2015, 21(6): 402-406.
24.	Schmoll HJ, Van Cutsem E, Stein A, et al. ESMO Consensus Guidelines for management of patients with colon and rectal cancer. a personalized approach to clinical decision making. Ann Oncol, 2012, 23(10): 2479-2516.
25.	張彬, 張稟評, 毛寧, 等. MRI 常規序列結合 DWI 對盆腔內結直腸癌術前臨床分期的價值. 中國中西醫結合影像學雜志, 2016, 14(2): 143-145, 149.
26.	Iannicelli E, Di Renzo S, Ferri M, et al. Accuracy of high-resolution MRI with lumen distention in rectal cancer staging and circumferential margin involvement prediction. Korean J Radiol, 2014, 15(1): 37-44.
27.	劉海博, 姜微, 曲實. 高分辨力 MRI 在直腸癌 TNM 分期評估中的應用. 中國中西醫結合影像學雜志, 2016, 14(2): 137-139.
28.	劉國兵,吳光耀. 直腸癌術前影像學分期. 武漢大學學報(醫學版), 2010, 31(5): 701-705.
29.	Tamakawa M, Kawaai Y, Shirase R, et al. Gadolinium-enhanced dynamic magnetic resonance imaging with endorectal coil for local staging of rectal cancer. Jpn J Radiol, 2010, 28(4): 290-298.
30.	Heijnen LA, Lambregts DM, Mondal D, et al. Diffusion-weighted MR imaging in primary rectal cancer staging demonstrates but does not characterise lymph nodes. Eur Radiol, 2013, 23(12): 3354-3360.
31.	蘇艷, 龔永泉, 劉振興, 等. MRI 常規序列聯合 DWI 對結直腸癌病變的診斷意義. 實用腫瘤雜志, 2017, 32(2): 156-158.
32.	Tapan U, Ozbayrak M, Tatl? S. MRI in local staging of rectal cancer: an update. Diagn Interv Radiol, 2014, 20(5): 390-398.
33.	劉立恒, 靳二虎, 王振常, 等. MRI 對直腸癌術前評估應用進展. 中華腫瘤防治雜志, 2016, 23(13): 897-902.
34.	Koh DM, George C, Temple L, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of nodal enhancement pattern of rectal cancer at MRI enhanced with ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide: findings in pathologically matched mesorectal lymph nodes. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 2010, 194(6): W505-W513.
35.	林雙明, 鄭志學, 步召德, 等. 術前血清腫瘤標志物水平在直腸癌術前分期中的應用評價. 中國腫瘤, 2014, 23(7): 616-620.
36.	Pakdel A, Malekzadeh M, Naghibalhossaini F. The association between preoperative serum CEA concentrations and synchronous liver metastasis in colorectal cancer patients. Cancer Biomark, 2016, 16(2): 245-252.
37.	Tsai HL, Huang CW, Chen CW, et al. Survival in resected stage Ⅱ colorectal cancer is dependent on tumor depth, vascular invasion, postoperative CEA level, and the number of examined lymph nodes. World J Surg, 2016, 40(4): 1002-1009.
38.	Vukobrat-Bijedic Z, Husic-Selimovic A, Sofic A, et al. Cancer antigens (CEA and CA 19-9) as markers of advanced stage of colorectal carcinoma. Med Arch, 2013, 67(6): 397-401.
39.	Kirat HT, Ozturk E, Lavery IC, et al. The predictive value of preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen level in the prognosis of colon cancer. Am J Surg, 2012, 204(4): 447-452.
40.	劉琳, 張養民. 血清多種腫瘤標志物聯合檢測對結直腸癌的診斷價值. 實用癌癥雜志, 2016, 31(6): 976-978, 982.
41.	劉峰, 楊偉金, 孫政, 等. TNM Ⅰ～Ⅲ期結直腸癌病人治療前血清癌胚抗原水平與預后的關系. 南方醫科大學學報, 2016, 36(9): 1281-1285.
42.	Thirunavukarasu P, Talati C, Munjal S, et al. Effect of incorporation of pretreatment serum carcinoembryonic antigen levels into AJCC staging for colon cancer on 5-year survival. JAMA Surg, 2015, 150(8): 747-755.
43.	Polat E, Duman U, Duman M, et al. Diagnostic value of preoperative serum carcinoembryonic antigen and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 in colorectal cancer. Curr Oncol, 2014, 21(1): e1-e7.
44.	Wang J, Wang X, Yu F, et al. Combined detection of preoperative serum CEA, CA19-9 and CA242 improve prognostic prediction of surgically treated colorectal cancer patients. Int J Clin Exp Pathol, 2015, 8(11): 14853-14863.
45.	節可歌, 熊鷹飛, 錢江南, 等. 腫瘤標志物 CEA、CA199 對結直腸癌 TNM 分期的預判價值. 生物技術通訊, 2014, 25(3): 391-393.
46.	Zhong W, Yu Z, Zhan J, et al. Association of serum levels of CEA, CA199, CA125, CYFRA21-1 and CA72-4 and disease characteristics in colorectal cancer. Pathol Oncol Res, 2015, 21(1): 83-95.
47.	潘利鋒, 梁君林. 初治結直腸癌患者血清 CA242 水平的表達特點. 中國實用醫藥, 2015, 10(10): 58-60.
48.	Yang XQ, Chen C, Hou JX, et al. Preoperative serum carbohydrate antigen 242 is a useful predictive and prognostic marker in colorectal cancer. Hepatogastroenterology, 2011, 58(106): 377-382.
49.	王振青, 王海波, 劉海春, 等. CT、腔內超聲和血清 CEA 聯合檢查對直腸癌分期診斷的價值. 寧夏醫科大學學報, 2015, 37(2): 187-189.
50.	臧健. MRI、TRUS 聯合 CEA 量化指標對直腸癌術前分期價值的臨床研究. 南開大學, 2014.
51.	劉春海, 張云, 栗瑞敏, 等. ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT 與 CEA、CA19-9 對大腸癌分期的診斷價值. 國際檢驗醫學雜志, 2014, 35(5): 617-619.

1. Siegel RL, Miller KD, Fedewa SA, et al. Colorectal cancer statistics, 2017. CA Cancer J Clin, 2017, 67(3): 177-193.
2. 陳萬青, 鄭榮壽, 張思維, 等. 2012 年中國惡性腫瘤發病和死亡分析. 中國腫瘤, 2016, 25(1): 1-8.
3. 向國卿, 趙瑩, 朱佳, 等. 9 769 例結直腸癌的構成特征及變化趨勢. 現代腫瘤醫學, 2016, 24(20): 3236-3239.
4. Torre LA, Bray F, Siegel RL, et al. Global cancer statistics, 2012. CA Cancer J Clin, 2015, 65(2): 87-108.
5. May A, Ell C. Gastroenterological endoscopy. Dtsch Med Wochenschr, 2011, 136(5): 206-208.
6. 彭明, 徐海榮, 劉剛, 等. 超聲內鏡在結直腸癌術前精確診斷的臨床價值. 廣西醫學, 2016, 38(2): 266-267, 279.
7. 余志金, 彭曉峰, 陳惠新. 超聲內鏡在大腸癌診斷及微創治療中的應用. 中國臨床新醫學, 2015, 8(5): 408-410.
8. Puli SR, Bechtold ML, Reddy JB, et al. How good is endoscopic ultrasound in differentiating various T stages of rectal cancer? Meta-analysis and systematic review. Ann Surg Oncol, 2009, 16(2): 254-265.
9. 德吉, 秦金玉, 郭天驕, 等. 超聲內鏡在結直腸癌術前分期中的應用. 四川醫學, 2015, 36(3): 261-265.
10. Car?an? ET, Gheonea DI, S?ftoiu A. Advances in endoscopic ultrasound imaging of colorectal diseases. World J Gastroenterol, 2016, 22(5): 1756-1766.
11. 韋捷, 杜凌, 陳剛, 等. 超聲內鏡在結直腸癌術前分期及手術方案指導中的應用. 廣州醫藥, 2016, 47(3): 56-58.
12. Maleki Z, Erozan Y, Geddes S, et al. Endorectal ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration: a useful diagnostic tool for perirectal and intraluminal lesions. Acta Cytol, 2013, 57(1): 9-18.
13. Waage JE, Bach SP, Pfeffer F, et al. Combined endorectal ultrasonography and strain elastography for the staging of early rectal cancer. Colorectal Dis, 2015, 17(1): 50-56.
14. Kolev NY, Tonev AY, Ignatov VL, et al. The role of 3-D endorectal ultrasound in rectal cancer: our experience. Int Surg, 2014, 99(2): 106-111.
15. Karabacak OR, Cakmakci E, Ozturk U, et al. Virtual cystoscopy: the evaluation of bladder lesions with computed tomographic virtual cystoscopy. Can Urol Assoc J, 2011, 5(1): 34-37.
16. 路成文, 張彬. CT、MR 對盆腔結、直腸癌術前 TN 分期的應用價值. 醫學影像學雜志, 2015, 25(7): 1204-1208, 1220.
17. 陳鳳麗, 郝粉娥, 黃應龍. 常規全腹部增強 CT 結直腸癌術前評估的初步研究. 局解手術學雜志, 2016, 25(9): 640-643.
18. Tezcan D, Türkvatan A, Türko?lu MA, et al. Preoperative staging of colorectal cancer: accuracy of single portal venous phase multidetector computed tomography. Clin Imaging, 2013, 37(6): 1048-1053.
19. Stagnitti A, Barchetti F, Barchetti G, et al. Preoperative staging of colorectal cancer using virtual colonoscopy: correlation with surgical results. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 2015, 19(9): 1645-1651.
20. Kijima S, Sasaki T, Nagata K, et al. Preoperative evaluation of colorectal cancer using CT colonography, MRI, and PET/CT. World J Gastroenterol, 2014, 20(45): 16964-16975.
21. 官曉暉, 馬隆佰, 林華. 64 排螺旋 CT 掃描對大腸癌診斷及分期的價值. 中國CT和MRI雜志, 2014, 12(5): 73-76, 89.
22. Lee JH, Lee MR. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography in the staging of colon cancer. Ann Coloproctol, 2014, 30(1): 23-27.
23. 任浩棠, 王毅均, 李瑞平, 等. 64 層 ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT 在結腸癌 N 分期中的診斷價值 (附 73 例報告). 結直腸肛門外科, 2015, 21(6): 402-406.
24. Schmoll HJ, Van Cutsem E, Stein A, et al. ESMO Consensus Guidelines for management of patients with colon and rectal cancer. a personalized approach to clinical decision making. Ann Oncol, 2012, 23(10): 2479-2516.
25. 張彬, 張稟評, 毛寧, 等. MRI 常規序列結合 DWI 對盆腔內結直腸癌術前臨床分期的價值. 中國中西醫結合影像學雜志, 2016, 14(2): 143-145, 149.
26. Iannicelli E, Di Renzo S, Ferri M, et al. Accuracy of high-resolution MRI with lumen distention in rectal cancer staging and circumferential margin involvement prediction. Korean J Radiol, 2014, 15(1): 37-44.
27. 劉海博, 姜微, 曲實. 高分辨力 MRI 在直腸癌 TNM 分期評估中的應用. 中國中西醫結合影像學雜志, 2016, 14(2): 137-139.
28. 劉國兵,吳光耀. 直腸癌術前影像學分期. 武漢大學學報(醫學版), 2010, 31(5): 701-705.
29. Tamakawa M, Kawaai Y, Shirase R, et al. Gadolinium-enhanced dynamic magnetic resonance imaging with endorectal coil for local staging of rectal cancer. Jpn J Radiol, 2010, 28(4): 290-298.
30. Heijnen LA, Lambregts DM, Mondal D, et al. Diffusion-weighted MR imaging in primary rectal cancer staging demonstrates but does not characterise lymph nodes. Eur Radiol, 2013, 23(12): 3354-3360.
31. 蘇艷, 龔永泉, 劉振興, 等. MRI 常規序列聯合 DWI 對結直腸癌病變的診斷意義. 實用腫瘤雜志, 2017, 32(2): 156-158.
32. Tapan U, Ozbayrak M, Tatl? S. MRI in local staging of rectal cancer: an update. Diagn Interv Radiol, 2014, 20(5): 390-398.
33. 劉立恒, 靳二虎, 王振常, 等. MRI 對直腸癌術前評估應用進展. 中華腫瘤防治雜志, 2016, 23(13): 897-902.
34. Koh DM, George C, Temple L, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of nodal enhancement pattern of rectal cancer at MRI enhanced with ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide: findings in pathologically matched mesorectal lymph nodes. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 2010, 194(6): W505-W513.
35. 林雙明, 鄭志學, 步召德, 等. 術前血清腫瘤標志物水平在直腸癌術前分期中的應用評價. 中國腫瘤, 2014, 23(7): 616-620.
36. Pakdel A, Malekzadeh M, Naghibalhossaini F. The association between preoperative serum CEA concentrations and synchronous liver metastasis in colorectal cancer patients. Cancer Biomark, 2016, 16(2): 245-252.
37. Tsai HL, Huang CW, Chen CW, et al. Survival in resected stage Ⅱ colorectal cancer is dependent on tumor depth, vascular invasion, postoperative CEA level, and the number of examined lymph nodes. World J Surg, 2016, 40(4): 1002-1009.
38. Vukobrat-Bijedic Z, Husic-Selimovic A, Sofic A, et al. Cancer antigens (CEA and CA 19-9) as markers of advanced stage of colorectal carcinoma. Med Arch, 2013, 67(6): 397-401.
39. Kirat HT, Ozturk E, Lavery IC, et al. The predictive value of preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen level in the prognosis of colon cancer. Am J Surg, 2012, 204(4): 447-452.
40. 劉琳, 張養民. 血清多種腫瘤標志物聯合檢測對結直腸癌的診斷價值. 實用癌癥雜志, 2016, 31(6): 976-978, 982.
41. 劉峰, 楊偉金, 孫政, 等. TNM Ⅰ～Ⅲ期結直腸癌病人治療前血清癌胚抗原水平與預后的關系. 南方醫科大學學報, 2016, 36(9): 1281-1285.
42. Thirunavukarasu P, Talati C, Munjal S, et al. Effect of incorporation of pretreatment serum carcinoembryonic antigen levels into AJCC staging for colon cancer on 5-year survival. JAMA Surg, 2015, 150(8): 747-755.
43. Polat E, Duman U, Duman M, et al. Diagnostic value of preoperative serum carcinoembryonic antigen and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 in colorectal cancer. Curr Oncol, 2014, 21(1): e1-e7.
44. Wang J, Wang X, Yu F, et al. Combined detection of preoperative serum CEA, CA19-9 and CA242 improve prognostic prediction of surgically treated colorectal cancer patients. Int J Clin Exp Pathol, 2015, 8(11): 14853-14863.
45. 節可歌, 熊鷹飛, 錢江南, 等. 腫瘤標志物 CEA、CA199 對結直腸癌 TNM 分期的預判價值. 生物技術通訊, 2014, 25(3): 391-393.
46. Zhong W, Yu Z, Zhan J, et al. Association of serum levels of CEA, CA199, CA125, CYFRA21-1 and CA72-4 and disease characteristics in colorectal cancer. Pathol Oncol Res, 2015, 21(1): 83-95.
47. 潘利鋒, 梁君林. 初治結直腸癌患者血清 CA242 水平的表達特點. 中國實用醫藥, 2015, 10(10): 58-60.
48. Yang XQ, Chen C, Hou JX, et al. Preoperative serum carbohydrate antigen 242 is a useful predictive and prognostic marker in colorectal cancer. Hepatogastroenterology, 2011, 58(106): 377-382.
49. 王振青, 王海波, 劉海春, 等. CT、腔內超聲和血清 CEA 聯合檢查對直腸癌分期診斷的價值. 寧夏醫科大學學報, 2015, 37(2): 187-189.
50. 臧健. MRI、TRUS 聯合 CEA 量化指標對直腸癌術前分期價值的臨床研究. 南開大學, 2014.
51. 劉春海, 張云, 栗瑞敏, 等. ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT 與 CEA、CA19-9 對大腸癌分期的診斷價值. 國際檢驗醫學雜志, 2014, 35(5): 617-619.

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Research progression of application of imagings and tumor markers in preoperative TN staging of colorectal cancer

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