A review of contrast-enhanced spectral mammography for breast_CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

Authors：

ZHANG Yanqin ¹ ,  YU Jianqun ²

1. West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China;
2. Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China;

Corresponding?author：

YU Jianqun, Email: cjr.yujianqun@vip.163.com

Keywords：

contrast-enhanced spectral mammography; diagnosis; review

DOI：

10.7507/1007-9424.201808080

Video：

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Objective To summarize the basic principles, techniques, and clinical applications of contrast-enhanced spectral mammography (CESM).Methods The literatures about CESM in recent years were collected to make an review.Results CESM had a low energy image and subtracted image, could provide both morphology information and enhancement characteristics of breast lesions. CESM had been adopted in some clinical applications, such as problem solving of inconclusive findings, preoperative evaluation of tumor extent, and assessing residual malignancy after neoadjuvant systemic therapy.Conclusion CESM has equal clinical value with MRI, but it needs short examination time, and lead to easy accessibility and fewer cost, which might be a suitable alternative in the department that do not have MRI.

Citation： ZHANG Yanqin, YU Jianqun. A review of contrast-enhanced spectral mammography for breast. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY, 2018, 25(12): 1511-1514. doi: 10.7507/1007-9424.201808080 Copy

1.	Otto SJ, Fracheboud J, Looman CW, et al. Initiation of population-based mammography screening in Dutch municipalities and effect on breast-cancer mortality: a systematic review. Lancet, 2003, 361(9367): 1411-1417.
2.	Carney PA, Miglioretti DL, Yankaskas BC, et al. Individual and combined effects of age, breast density, and hormone replacement therapy use on the accuracy of screening mammography. Ann Intern Med, 2003, 138(3): 168-175.
3.	Bird RE, Wallace TW, Yankaskas BC. Analysis of cancers missed at screening mammography. Radiology, 1992, 184(3): 613-617.
4.	Lobbes MB, Smidt ML, Houwers J, et al. Contrast enhanced mammography: techniques, current results, and potential indications. Clin Radiol, 2013, 68(9): 935-944.
5.	Patel BK, Lobbes MBI, Lewin J. Contrast enhanced spectral mammography: a review. Semin Ultrasound CT MR, 2018, 39(1): 70-79.
6.	何之彥, 姚戈虹. 數字化乳腺X線攝影進展: 對比增強雙能成像. 腫瘤影像學, 2013, 22(2): 129-131.
7.	Dromain C, Thibault F, Muller S, et al. Dual-energy contrast-enhanced digital mammography: initial clinical results. Eur Radiol, 2011, 21(3): 565-574.
8.	Diekmann F, Freyer M, Diekmann S, et al. Evaluation of contrast-enhanced digital mammography. Eur J Radiol, 2011, 78(1): 112-121.
9.	Jong RA, Yaffe MJ, Skarpathiotakis M, et al. Contrast-enhanced digital mammography: initial clinical experience. Radiology, 2003, 228(3): 842-850.
10.	Allec N, Abbaszadeh S, Scott CC, et al. Including the effect of motion artifacts in noise and performance analysis of dual-energy contrast-enhanced mammography. Phys Med Biol, 2012, 57(24): 8405-8425.
11.	Lewin JM, Isaacs PK, Vance V, et al. Dual-energy contrast-enhanced digital subtraction mammography: feasibility. Radiology, 2003, 229(1): 261-268.
12.	Bushberg JT. The essential physics of medical imaging. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2002.
13.	Dromain C, Balleyguier C, Adler G, et al. Contrast-enhanced digital mammography. Eur J Radiol, 2009, 69(1): 34-42.
14.	Skarpathiotakis M, Yaffe MJ, Bloomquist AK, et al. Development of contrast digital mammography. Med Phys, 2002, 29(10): 2419-2426.
15.	Lalji U, Lobbes M. Contrast-enhanced dual-energy mammography: a promising new imaging tool in breast cancer detection. Womens Health (Lond), 2014, 10(3): 289-298.
16.	Jochelson MS, Dershaw DD, Sung JS, et al. Bilateral contrast-enhanced dual-energy digital mammography: feasibility and comparison with conventional digital mammography and MR imaging in women with known breast carcinoma. Radiology, 2013, 266(3): 743-751.
17.	Hill ML, Gorelikov I, Niroui F, et al. Towards a nanoscale mammographic contrast agent: development of a modular pre-clinical dual optical/x-ray agent. Physics in Medicine & Biology, 2013, 58(15): 5215.
18.	Bhimani C, Matta D, Roth RG, et al. Contrast-enhanced spectral mammography: technique, indications, and clinical applications. Acad Radiol, 2017, 24(1): 84-88.
19.	Dromain C, Thibault F, Diekmann F, et al. Dual-energy contrast-enhanced digital mammography: initial clinical results of a multireader, multicase study. Breast Cancer Res, 2012, 14(3): R94.
20.	沈茜剛, 周良平, 鄭曉靜, 等. 對比增強能譜乳腺 X 線攝影的輻射劑量分析. 中國癌癥雜志, 2017, 27(12): 940-945.
21.	Jeukens CR, Lalji UC, Meijer E, et al. Radiation exposure of contrast-enhanced spectral mammography compared with full-field digital mammography. Invest Radiol, 2014, 49(10): 659-665.
22.	James JR, Pavlicek W, Hanson JA, et al. Breast radiation dose with CESM compared with 2D FFDM and 3D tomosynthesis mammography. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 2017, 208(2): 362-372.
23.	Bhimani C, Li L, Liao L, et al. Contrast-enhanced spectral mammography: modality-specific artifacts and other factors which may interfere with image quality. Acad Radiol, 2017, 24(1): 89-94.
24.	Francescone MA, Jochelson MS, Dershaw DD, et al. Low energy mammogram obtained in contrast-enhanced digital mammography (CEDM) is comparable to routine full-field digital mammography (FFDM). Eur J Radiol, 2014, 83(8): 1350-1355.
25.	Lalji UC, Houben IPL, Prevos R, et al. Contrast-enhanced spectral mammography in recalls from the Dutch breast cancer screening program: validation of results in a large multireader, multicase study. Eur Radiol, 2016, 26(12): 4371-4379.
26.	Houben IPL, Van de Voorde P, Jeukens CRLPN, et al. Contrast-enhanced spectral mammography as work-up tool in patients recalled from breast cancer screening has low risks and might hold clinical benefits. Eur J Radiol, 2017, 94: 31-37.
27.	Patel BK, Naylor ME, Kosiorek HE, et al. Clinical utility of contrast-enhanced spectral mammography as an adjunct for tomosynthesis-detected architectural distortion. Clin Imaging, 2017, 46: 44-52.
28.	Cheung YC, Tsai HP, Lo YF, 等. 雙能量對比增強光譜乳腺 X 線成像在診斷不伴腫塊的乳腺微鈣化的臨床應用: 初步分析. 國際醫學放射學雜志, 2016, 39(3): 334-335.
29.	Patel BK, Garza SA, Eversman S, et al. Assessing tumor extent on contrast-enhanced spectral mammography versus full-field digital mammography and ultrasound. Clin Imaging, 2017, 46: 78-84.
30.	Lobbes MB, Lalji UC, Nelemans PJ, et al. The quality of tumor size assessment by contrast-enhanced spectral mammography and the benefit of additional breast MRI. J Cancer, 2015, 6(2): 144-150.
31.	Fallenberg EM, Dromain C, Diekmann F, 等. 增強光譜鉬靶與 MRI 用于乳腺癌檢出與腫塊大小評估的初步研究. 國際醫學放射學雜志, 2014, 37(2): 192.
32.	Helal MH, Mansour SM, Zaglol M, et al. Staging of breast cancer and the advanced applications of digital mammogram: what the physician needs to know? Br J Radiol, 2017, 90(1071): 20160717.
33.	Helal MH, Mansour SM, Salaleldin LA, et al. The impact of contrast-enhanced spectral mammogram (CESM) and three-dimensional breast ultrasound (3DUS) on the characterization of the disease extend in cancer patients. Br J Radiol, 2018, 91(1087): 20170977.
34.	Ambicka A, Luczynska E, Adamczyk A, et al. The tumour border on contrast-enhanced spectral mammography and its relation to histological characteristics of invasive breast cancer. Pol J Pathol, 2016, 67(3): 295-299.
35.	Tennant SL, James JJ, Cornford EJ, et al. Contrast-enhanced spectral mammography improves diagnostic accuracy in the symptomatic setting. Clin Radiol, 2016, 71(11): 1148-1155.
36.	Patel BK, Hilal T, Covington M, et al. Contrast-enhanced spectral mammography is comparable to MRI in the assessment of residual breast cancer following neoadjuvant systemic therapy. Ann Surg Oncol, 2018, 25(5): 1350-1356.
37.	Iotti V, Ravaioli S, Vacondio R, et al. Contrast-enhanced spectral mammography in neoadjuvant chemotherapy monitoring: a comparison with breast magnetic resonance imaging. Breast Cancer Res, 2017, 19(1): 106.
38.	Cheung YC, Lin YC, Wan YL, et al. Diagnostic performance of dual-energy contrast-enhanced subtracted mammography in dense breasts compared to mammography alone: interobserver blind-reading analysis. Eur Radiol, 2014, 24(10): 2394-2403.

1. Otto SJ, Fracheboud J, Looman CW, et al. Initiation of population-based mammography screening in Dutch municipalities and effect on breast-cancer mortality: a systematic review. Lancet, 2003, 361(9367): 1411-1417.
2. Carney PA, Miglioretti DL, Yankaskas BC, et al. Individual and combined effects of age, breast density, and hormone replacement therapy use on the accuracy of screening mammography. Ann Intern Med, 2003, 138(3): 168-175.
3. Bird RE, Wallace TW, Yankaskas BC. Analysis of cancers missed at screening mammography. Radiology, 1992, 184(3): 613-617.
4. Lobbes MB, Smidt ML, Houwers J, et al. Contrast enhanced mammography: techniques, current results, and potential indications. Clin Radiol, 2013, 68(9): 935-944.
5. Patel BK, Lobbes MBI, Lewin J. Contrast enhanced spectral mammography: a review. Semin Ultrasound CT MR, 2018, 39(1): 70-79.
6. 何之彥, 姚戈虹. 數字化乳腺X線攝影進展: 對比增強雙能成像. 腫瘤影像學, 2013, 22(2): 129-131.
7. Dromain C, Thibault F, Muller S, et al. Dual-energy contrast-enhanced digital mammography: initial clinical results. Eur Radiol, 2011, 21(3): 565-574.
8. Diekmann F, Freyer M, Diekmann S, et al. Evaluation of contrast-enhanced digital mammography. Eur J Radiol, 2011, 78(1): 112-121.
9. Jong RA, Yaffe MJ, Skarpathiotakis M, et al. Contrast-enhanced digital mammography: initial clinical experience. Radiology, 2003, 228(3): 842-850.
10. Allec N, Abbaszadeh S, Scott CC, et al. Including the effect of motion artifacts in noise and performance analysis of dual-energy contrast-enhanced mammography. Phys Med Biol, 2012, 57(24): 8405-8425.
11. Lewin JM, Isaacs PK, Vance V, et al. Dual-energy contrast-enhanced digital subtraction mammography: feasibility. Radiology, 2003, 229(1): 261-268.
12. Bushberg JT. The essential physics of medical imaging. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2002.
13. Dromain C, Balleyguier C, Adler G, et al. Contrast-enhanced digital mammography. Eur J Radiol, 2009, 69(1): 34-42.
14. Skarpathiotakis M, Yaffe MJ, Bloomquist AK, et al. Development of contrast digital mammography. Med Phys, 2002, 29(10): 2419-2426.
15. Lalji U, Lobbes M. Contrast-enhanced dual-energy mammography: a promising new imaging tool in breast cancer detection. Womens Health (Lond), 2014, 10(3): 289-298.
16. Jochelson MS, Dershaw DD, Sung JS, et al. Bilateral contrast-enhanced dual-energy digital mammography: feasibility and comparison with conventional digital mammography and MR imaging in women with known breast carcinoma. Radiology, 2013, 266(3): 743-751.
17. Hill ML, Gorelikov I, Niroui F, et al. Towards a nanoscale mammographic contrast agent: development of a modular pre-clinical dual optical/x-ray agent. Physics in Medicine & Biology, 2013, 58(15): 5215.
18. Bhimani C, Matta D, Roth RG, et al. Contrast-enhanced spectral mammography: technique, indications, and clinical applications. Acad Radiol, 2017, 24(1): 84-88.
19. Dromain C, Thibault F, Diekmann F, et al. Dual-energy contrast-enhanced digital mammography: initial clinical results of a multireader, multicase study. Breast Cancer Res, 2012, 14(3): R94.
20. 沈茜剛, 周良平, 鄭曉靜, 等. 對比增強能譜乳腺 X 線攝影的輻射劑量分析. 中國癌癥雜志, 2017, 27(12): 940-945.
21. Jeukens CR, Lalji UC, Meijer E, et al. Radiation exposure of contrast-enhanced spectral mammography compared with full-field digital mammography. Invest Radiol, 2014, 49(10): 659-665.
22. James JR, Pavlicek W, Hanson JA, et al. Breast radiation dose with CESM compared with 2D FFDM and 3D tomosynthesis mammography. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 2017, 208(2): 362-372.
23. Bhimani C, Li L, Liao L, et al. Contrast-enhanced spectral mammography: modality-specific artifacts and other factors which may interfere with image quality. Acad Radiol, 2017, 24(1): 89-94.
24. Francescone MA, Jochelson MS, Dershaw DD, et al. Low energy mammogram obtained in contrast-enhanced digital mammography (CEDM) is comparable to routine full-field digital mammography (FFDM). Eur J Radiol, 2014, 83(8): 1350-1355.
25. Lalji UC, Houben IPL, Prevos R, et al. Contrast-enhanced spectral mammography in recalls from the Dutch breast cancer screening program: validation of results in a large multireader, multicase study. Eur Radiol, 2016, 26(12): 4371-4379.
26. Houben IPL, Van de Voorde P, Jeukens CRLPN, et al. Contrast-enhanced spectral mammography as work-up tool in patients recalled from breast cancer screening has low risks and might hold clinical benefits. Eur J Radiol, 2017, 94: 31-37.
27. Patel BK, Naylor ME, Kosiorek HE, et al. Clinical utility of contrast-enhanced spectral mammography as an adjunct for tomosynthesis-detected architectural distortion. Clin Imaging, 2017, 46: 44-52.
28. Cheung YC, Tsai HP, Lo YF, 等. 雙能量對比增強光譜乳腺 X 線成像在診斷不伴腫塊的乳腺微鈣化的臨床應用: 初步分析. 國際醫學放射學雜志, 2016, 39(3): 334-335.
29. Patel BK, Garza SA, Eversman S, et al. Assessing tumor extent on contrast-enhanced spectral mammography versus full-field digital mammography and ultrasound. Clin Imaging, 2017, 46: 78-84.
30. Lobbes MB, Lalji UC, Nelemans PJ, et al. The quality of tumor size assessment by contrast-enhanced spectral mammography and the benefit of additional breast MRI. J Cancer, 2015, 6(2): 144-150.
31. Fallenberg EM, Dromain C, Diekmann F, 等. 增強光譜鉬靶與 MRI 用于乳腺癌檢出與腫塊大小評估的初步研究. 國際醫學放射學雜志, 2014, 37(2): 192.
32. Helal MH, Mansour SM, Zaglol M, et al. Staging of breast cancer and the advanced applications of digital mammogram: what the physician needs to know? Br J Radiol, 2017, 90(1071): 20160717.
33. Helal MH, Mansour SM, Salaleldin LA, et al. The impact of contrast-enhanced spectral mammogram (CESM) and three-dimensional breast ultrasound (3DUS) on the characterization of the disease extend in cancer patients. Br J Radiol, 2018, 91(1087): 20170977.
34. Ambicka A, Luczynska E, Adamczyk A, et al. The tumour border on contrast-enhanced spectral mammography and its relation to histological characteristics of invasive breast cancer. Pol J Pathol, 2016, 67(3): 295-299.
35. Tennant SL, James JJ, Cornford EJ, et al. Contrast-enhanced spectral mammography improves diagnostic accuracy in the symptomatic setting. Clin Radiol, 2016, 71(11): 1148-1155.
36. Patel BK, Hilal T, Covington M, et al. Contrast-enhanced spectral mammography is comparable to MRI in the assessment of residual breast cancer following neoadjuvant systemic therapy. Ann Surg Oncol, 2018, 25(5): 1350-1356.
37. Iotti V, Ravaioli S, Vacondio R, et al. Contrast-enhanced spectral mammography in neoadjuvant chemotherapy monitoring: a comparison with breast magnetic resonance imaging. Breast Cancer Res, 2017, 19(1): 106.
38. Cheung YC, Lin YC, Wan YL, et al. Diagnostic performance of dual-energy contrast-enhanced subtracted mammography in dense breasts compared to mammography alone: interobserver blind-reading analysis. Eur Radiol, 2014, 24(10): 2394-2403.

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CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

A review of contrast-enhanced spectral mammography for breast

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