With the popularization of digestive endoscopy in children, colonoscopy has been widely used. As the basis of digestive endoscopy, bowel preparation directly affects the diagnosis and treatment results of colonoscopy. Compared with adults, the functioning of important organs of children is immature, and their ability of cognition, communication and tolerance are weak. Their structure of the digestive tract is also significantly different in different ages. However, there have been no existing evidence-based guidelines on bowel preparation for digestive endoscopy of Chinese children. Therefore, it is important to develop evidence-based guidelines for bowel preparation combined with the clinical practice in China. In order to provide guidance and decision-making basis for Chinese pediatricians, we collaborated with multidisciplinary experts, based on existing evidence, adopted the grading of recommendations assessment, development and evaluation (GRADE) approach, followed the Reporting Items for Practice Guidelines in Healthcare (RIGHT) to develop this guideline for bowel preparation related to the diagnosis and treatment of children's digestive endoscopy.
Citation: Pediatric Collaborative Group, Association of Digestive Endoscopy, Chinese Society of Medicine, Pediatric Digestive Endoscopy Special Committee of Endoscopic Physicians Branch of Chinese Medical Association. Chinese rapid guideline for bowel preparation related to the diagnosis and treatment of children’s digestive endoscopy (2020, Xi’an). Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine, 2021, 21(3): 249-259. doi: 10.7507/1672-2531.202012004 Copy
Copyright ? the editorial department of Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine of West China Medical Publisher. All rights reserved
| 1. | 方瑩, 李巍, 張澍田. 發展兒童內鏡助力健康中國. 中華消化內鏡雜志, 2019, 36(1): 3-5. |
| 2. | 中國醫師協會內鏡醫師分會消化內鏡專業委員會, 中國抗癌協會腫瘤內鏡學專業委員會. 中國消化內鏡診療相關腸道準備指南(2019, 上海). 中華內科雜志, 2019, 58(7): 485-495. |
| 3. | 孫梅. 兒童消化系統解剖生理特點. 王衛平, 孫錕, 常立文. 兒科學(第9版). 北京: 人民衛生出版社, 2018: 208. |
| 4. | Tringali A, Thomson M, Dumonceau JM, et al. Pediatric gastrointestinal endoscopy: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) and European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) guideline executive summary. Endoscopy, 2017, 49(1): 83-91. |
| 5. | 中華醫學會消化內鏡學分會兒科協作組. 中國兒童胃鏡結腸鏡檢查規范操作專家共識. 中國實用兒科雜志, 2018, 33(11): 817-820. |
| 6. | World Health Organization. WHO handbook for guideline development (2nd ed). Vienna: World Health Organization, 2014. |
| 7. | 蔣朱明, 詹思延, 賈曉巍, 等. 制訂/修訂《臨床診療指南》的基本方法及程序. 中華醫學雜志, 2016, 96(4): 250-253. |
| 8. | Brouwers MC, Kho ME, Browman GP, et al. AGREE Ⅱ: Advancing guideline development, reporting and evaluation in health care. CMAJ, 2010, 182(18): E839-842. |
| 9. | Chen Y, Yang K, Maru?ic A, et al. A reporting tool for practice guidelines in health care: the RIGHT statement. Ann Intern Med, 2017, 166(2): 128-132. |
| 10. | 陳耀龍, 王小琴, 王琪, 等. 遵循指南報告規范 提升指南報告質量. 中華內科雜志, 2018, 57(3): 168-170. |
| 11. | Shea BJ, Grimshaw JM, Wells GA, et al. Development of AMSTAR: a measurement tool to assess the methodological quality of systematic reviews. BMC Med Res Methodol, 2007, 7(2): 1-7. |
| 12. | Higgins JP, Altman DG, G?tzsche PC, et al. The Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ, 2011, 343: d5928. |
| 13. | Whiting PF, Rutjes AW, Westwood ME, et al. QUADAS-2: a revised tool for the quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies. Ann Intern Med, 2011, 155(8): 529-536. |
| 14. | Wells GA, Shea BJ, O'Connell D, et al. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomized studies in meta-analyses. The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 2013, (3): 1-4. |
| 15. | Moga C, Guo B, Schopflocher D, et al. Development of a quality appraisal tool for case series studies using a modified Delphi technique. Edmonton AB: Institute of Health Economics, 2012. |
| 16. | Guyatt G, Oxman AD, Akl EA, et al. GRADE guidelines: 1. Introduction-GRADE evidence profiles and summary of findings tables. J Clin Epidemiol, 2011, 64(4): 383-394. |
| 17. | 陳耀龍, 姚亮, 杜亮, 等. GRADE在系統評價中應用的必要性及注意事項. 中國循證醫學雜志, 2013, 13(12): 1401-1404. |
| 18. | 姚亮, 陳耀龍, 杜亮, 等. GRADE在診斷準確性試驗系統評價中應用的實例解析. 中國循證醫學雜志, 2014, 14(11): 1407-1412. |
| 19. | 陳耀龍, 姚亮, 杜亮, 等. GRADE在診斷準確性試驗系統評價中應用的原理、方法、挑戰及發展趨勢. 中國循證醫學雜志, 2014, 14(11): 1402-1406. |
| 20. | 楊楠, 肖淑君, 周奇, 等. GRADE在網狀Meta分析中應用的基本原理和方法介紹. 中國循證醫學雜志, 2016, 16(5): 598-603. |
| 21. | Vernooij RW, Alonso-Coello P, Brouwers M, et al. Reporting items for updated clinical guidelines: checklist for the reporting of updated guidelines (Checkup). PLoS Med, 2017, 14(1): e1002207. |
| 22. | Clark BT, Rustagi T, Laine L. What level of bowel prep quality requires early repeat colonoscopy: systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of preparation quality on adenoma detection rate? Am J Gastroenterol, 2014, 109(11): 1714-1723. |
| 23. | Liang Y, Xin W, Yang Y, et al. Application of care bundles in bowel preparation for colonoscopy in children. Ann Palliat Med, 2019, 8(4): 476-482. |
| 24. | Chang CW, Shih SC, Wang HY, et al. Meta-analysis: the effect of patient education on bowel preparation for colonoscopy. Endosc Int Open, 2015, 3(6): E646-652. |
| 25. | Kurlander JE, Sondhi AR, Waljee AK, et al. How efficacious are patient education interventions to improve bowel preparation for colonoscopy? A systematic review. PloS One, 2016, 11(10): e0164442. |
| 26. | Guo X, Li X, Wang Z, et al. Reinforced education improves the quality of bowel preparation for colonoscopy: an updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. PloS One, 2020, 15(4): e0231888. |
| 27. | Desai M, Nutalapati V, Bansal A, et al. Use of smartphone applications to improve quality of bowel preparation for colonoscopy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Endosc Int Open, 2019, 7(2): E216-E224. |
| 28. | 盧小艷, 白姣姣, 王崢. 結腸鏡檢查前腸道準備健康教育效果的Meta分析. 護理研究, 2018, 32(10): 1537-1542. |
| 29. | Ye Z, Chen J, Xuan Z, et al. Educational video improves bowel preparation in patients undergoing colonoscopy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Palliat Med, 2020, 9(3): 671-680. |
| 30. | Tae JW, Lee JC, Hong SJ, et al. Impact of patient education with cartoon visual aids on the quality of bowel preparation for colonoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc, 2012, 76(4): 804-811. |
| 31. | Turner D, Levine A, Weiss B, et al. Evidence-based recommendations for bowel cleansing before colonoscopy in children: a report from a national working group. Endoscopy, 2010, 42(12): 1063-1070. |
| 32. | Hassan C, East J, Radaelli F, et al. Bowel preparation for colonoscopy: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) guideline - update 2019. Endoscopy, 2019, 51(8): 775-794. |
| 33. | Medline Plus. Available at: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000205.htm. |
| 34. | Medline Plus. Available at: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/patientinstructions/000200.htm. |
| 35. | Mytyk A, Lazowska-Przeorek I, Karolewska-Bochenek K, et al. Clear liquid versus low-fibre diet in bowel cleansing for colonoscopy in children: a randomized trial. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr, 2018, 66(5): 720-724. |
| 36. | Zhang X, Wu Q, Wei M, et al. Low-residual diet versus clear-liquid diet for bowel preparation before colonoscopy: meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis of randomized controlled trials. Gastrointest Endosc, 2020, 92(3): 508-518. |
| 37. | NSW Ministry of Health. Caring for children birth to 5 years (food, nutrition and learning experiences), 2014. Available at: https://www.health.nsw.gov.au/heal/Pages/caring-for-children-manual.aspx. |
| 38. | Trautwein AL, Vinitski LA, Peck SN. Bowel preparation before colonoscopy in the pediatric patient: a randomized study. Gastroenterol Nurs, 1996, 19(4): 137-139. |
| 39. | Jiao L, Wang J, Zhao W, et al. Comparison of the effect of 1-day and 2-day low residue diets on the quality of bowel preparation before colonoscopy. Saudi J Gastroenterol, 2020, 26(3): 137-143. |
| 40. | Nunes G, Barata AT, Santos CA, et al. Nutritional deficiency during colonoscopy preparation: the forgotten iatrogeny. Rev Esp Enferm Dig, 2018, 110(5): 285-291. |
| 41. | 張麗, 趙明娟, 趙猛超. 復方聚乙二醇電解質散和小百肽聯合清潔灌腸在小兒電子纖維結腸鏡檢查中的腸道清潔效果研究. 河北醫藥, 2015, (19): 3032-3033. |
| 42. | Aronchick C, Lipshultz W, Wright S. Validation of an instrument to assess colon cleansing. Am J Gastroenterol, 1999, 94: 2667. |
| 43. | Rostom A, Jolicoeur E. Validation of a new scale for the assessment of bowel preparation quality. Gastrointest Endosc, 2004, 59(4): 482-486. |
| 44. | Lai EJ, Calderwood AH, Doros G, et al. The Boston bowel preparation scale: a valid and reliable instrument for colonoscopy-oriented research. Gastrointest Endosc, 2009, 69(3 Pt 2): 620-625. |
| 45. | Halphen M, Heresbach D, Gruss HJ, et al. Validation of the Harefield Cleansing Scale: a tool for the evaluation of bowel cleansing quality in both research and clinical practice. Gastrointest Endosc, 2013, 78(1): 121-131. |
| 46. | Gerard D, Raiser M, Holden J, et al. Validation of a new bowel preparation scale for measuring colon cleansing for colonoscopy: The Chicago Bowel Preparation Scale. Clin Transl Gastroenterol, 2013, 4: 1-11. |
| 47. | Parmar R, Martel M, Rostom A, et al. Validated scales for colon cleansing: a systematic review. Am J Gastroenterol, 2016, 111(2): 197-204. |
| 48. | 高燕, 張厚德, 林木賢, 等. Boston腸道準備量表應用的信度評估. 中華消化內鏡雜志, 2012, 29(2): 78-80. |
| 49. | McNally PR, Maydonovitch CL, Wong RK. The effectiveness of simethicone in improving visibility during colonoscopy: a double-blind randomized study. Gastrointest Endosc, 1988, 34(3): 255-258. |
| 50. | Parente F, Vailati C, Bargiggia S, et al. 2-Litre polyethylene glycol-citrate-simethicone plus bisacodyl versus 4-litre polyethylene glycol as preparation for colonoscopy in chronic constipation. Dig Liver Dis, 2015, 47(10): 857-863. |
| 51. | Sriphongphankul H, Tanpowpong P, Lertudomphonwanit C, et al. Split dose versus full single-dose regimen of polyethylene glycol for bowel preparation in pediatric colonoscopy: a pilot study of randomized controlled trial. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2019, 31(11): 1382-1386. |
| 52. | Walia R, Steffen R, Feinberg L, et al. Tolerability, safety, and efficacy of PEG 3350 as a 1-day bowel preparation in children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr, 2013, 56(2): 225-228. |
| 53. | Merkel SI, Voepel-Lewis T, Shayevitz JR, et al. The FLACC: a behavioral scale for scoring postoperative pain in young children. Pediatr Nurs, 1997, 23(3): 293-297. |
| 54. | Crellin DJ, Harrison D, Santamaria N, et al. Systematic review of the face, legs, activity, cry and consolability scale for assessing pain in infants and children: is it reliable, valid, and feasible for use? Pain, 2015, 156(11): 2132-2151. |
| 55. | Kim HG, Huh KC, Koo HS, et al. Sodium Picosulfate with Magnesium Citrate (SPMC) plus laxative is a good alternative to conventional large volume polyethylene glycol in bowel preparation: a multicenter randomized single-blinded trial. Gut Liver, 2015, 9(4): 494-501. |
| 56. | Jeon SR, Kim HG, Lee JS, et al. Randomized controlled trial of low-volume bowel preparation agents for colonic bowel preparation: 2-L polyethylene glycol with ascorbic acid versus sodium picosulfate with magnesium citrate. Int J Colorectal Dis, 2015, 30(2): 251-258. |
| 57. | Kierkus J, Horvath A, Szychta M, et al. High- versus low-volume polyethylene glycol plus laxative versus sennosides for colonoscopy preparation in children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr, 2013, 57(2): 230-235. |
| 58. | WHO/UNICEF. Global strategy for infant and young child feeding. Geneva: WHO, 2003: 7-8. |
| 59. | ASGE Standards of Practice Committee, Lightdale JR, Acosta R, et al. Modifications in endoscopic practice for pediatric patients. Gastrointest Endosc, 2014, 79(5): 699-710. |
| 60. | Kumar A, Hussain A. Preoperative bowel preparation in children: polyethylene glycol versus normal saline. Afr J Paediatr Surg, 2013, 10(3): 235-238. |
| 61. | 張麗艷, 林小辛. 不同腸鏡術前準備方法在小兒消化腸鏡檢查的前腸道準備. 中國衛生標準管理, 2019, 10(23): 46-48. |
| 62. | Pall H, Zacur GM, Kramer RE, et al. Bowel preparation for pediatric colonoscopy: report of the NASPGHAN endoscopy and procedures committee. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr, 2014, 59(3): 409-416. |
| 63. | Gordon M, Karlsen F, Isaji S, et al. Bowel preparation for elective procedures in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Paediatr Open, 2017, 1: e000118. |
| 64. | Wallace Acioli Freire de Gois, Averbach M, Ejima FH, et al. Randomised clinical trial: 1-day bowel preparation vs. 2-day bowel preparation with polyethylene glycol 3350-a controlled study of efficacy in children bowel preparation for colonoscopy. Fukuoka: Conference Abstract Book of BIT's 2nd Annual World Congress of Digestive Disease, 2017. |
| 65. | Tripathi PR, Poddar U, Yachha SK, et al. Efficacy of single- versus split-dose polyethylene glycol for colonic preparation in children: a randomized control study. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr, 2020, 70(1): e1-e6. |
| 66. | 蘇彩日, 韋彩香, 勞有益. 和爽與潘瀉葉沖飲在小兒腸道鏡檢查前腸道準備中的應用效果比較. 臨床合理用藥雜志, 2016, 9(16): 50-51, 53. |
| 67. | 郭明, 韓麗. 和爽與潘瀉葉沖飲在小兒結腸鏡檢查前腸道準備中的應用. 醫學新知, 2018, (A01): 695-696. |
| 68. | 袁小源, 徐秀堂, 李明. 乳果糖口服液在兒童結腸鏡檢查前腸道準備中的應用. 中國保健營養(中旬刊), 2013, (6): 550-551. |
| 69. | 段伯平, 歐陽文獻, 徐斌. 乳果糖口服溶液用于兒童結腸鏡檢查前腸道準備. 護理學雜志, 2010, 25(21): 40-41. |
| 70. | 歐陽文獻, 陳昌斌, 陳志勇, 等. 不同方式的腸道準備在兒童結腸鏡檢查中的效果觀察. 中華消化內鏡雜志, 2011, 28(8): 466-467. |
| 71. | 胡紹正, 杜紅宇, 鄒文書. 甘露醇和蓖麻油在兒童結腸鏡腸道準備中的對比研究. 泰山醫學院學報, 2018, 39(2): 175-177. |
| 72. | 蒙淑芝, 陳鳳瓊. 開塞露不同給藥方式對便秘治療的效果觀察. 華夏醫學, 2008, 21(2): 369-370. |
| 73. | 王偉, 劉俊梅, 鄒琴. 復方聚乙二醇電解質散劑與甘露醇清潔腸道的臨床觀察. 檢驗醫學與臨床, 2009, 6(12): 993-994. |
| 74. | Hassall E, Lobe TE. Risky business: oral sodium phosphate for precolonoscopy bowel preparation in children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr, 2007, 45(2): 268-269. |
| 75. | Mendoza J, Legido J, Rubio S, et al. Systematic review: the adverse effects of sodium phosphate enema. Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 2007, 26(1): 9-20. |
| 76. | Johnson DA, Barkun AN, Cohen LB, et al. Optimizing adequacy of bowel cleansing for colonoscopy: recommendations from the US multi-society task force on colorectal cancer. Gastroenterology, 2014, 147(4): 903-924. |
| 77. | 方浩然. 兒童結腸鏡檢查前腸道準備的研究進展. 國際兒科學雜志, 2019, 46(10): 733-736. |
| 78. | 楊榮英, 何結平, 袁淑卿. 少年兒童結腸鏡檢查前腸道準備不良的相關因素分析. 中國內鏡雜志, 2019, 25(5): 32-36. |
| 79. | Fang J, Fu HY, Ma D, et al. Constipation, fiber intake and non-compliance contribute to inadequate colonoscopy bowel preparation: a prospective cohort study. J Dig Dis, 2016, 17(7): 458-463. |
| 80. | 余卓文, 顧鶯, 黃瑛, 等. Bristol糞便性狀評估表在兒童結腸鏡檢查前腸道準備中的應用研究. 中華消化內鏡雜志, 2019, 36(1): 25-30. |
| 81. | 仲艷陽. 再次口服緩瀉劑與清潔灌腸對普通結腸鏡檢查腸道準備不充分患者補救效果的對比研究. 中國內鏡雜志, 2020, 26(5): 15-19. |
| 82. | Yang HJ, Park DI, Park SK, et al. A randomized controlled trial comparing colonoscopic enema with additional oral preparation as a salvage for inadequate bowel cleansing before colonoscopy. J Clin Gastroenterol, 2019, 53(8): e308-e315. |
| 83. | 張志宏, 邱春華, 李良平. 比較西甲硅油不同使用方法在膠囊內鏡腸道準備中的效果. 中華消化內鏡雜志, 2016, 33(7): 473-475. |
| 84. | Li Y, Xing S, Chen R, et al. The effect of oral polyethylene glycol combined with simethicone for colonoscopy on cecal intubation rate, tolerability and acceptability: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Gastroenterol Belg, 2019, 82(3): 407-415. |
| 85. | 串俊蘭, 呂晶. 西甲硅油應用于腸道準備的有效性及安全性的系統評價. 實用醫院臨床雜志, 2015, (6): 144-147. |
| 86. | 羅艷紅, 易利純, 游潔玉. 不同腸道準備方案在兒童單氣囊小腸鏡檢查中的應用效果對比. 臨床小兒外科雜志, 2019, 18(3): 229-232. |
| 87. | Oliva S, Cucchiara S, Spada C, et al. Small bowel cleansing for capsule endoscopy in paediatric patients: a prospective randomized single-blind study. Dig Liver Dis, 2014, 46(1): 51-55. |
| 88. | Li DF, Luo MH, Du QQ, et al. Efficacy of low-dose versus high-dose simethicone with polyethylene glycol for bowel preparation: A prospective randomized controlled trial. J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2020, 35(9): 1488-1494. |
| 89. | Kim H, Ko BM, Goong HJ, et al. Optimal timing of simethicone addition for bowel preparation using polyethylene glycol plus ascorbic acid. Dig Dis Sci, 2019, 64(9): 2607-2613. |
| 90. | 楊孝孝, 戴夫, 彭瓊, 等. 不同時間口服二甲硅油對結腸鏡檢查效果的影響. 胃腸病學和肝病學雜志, 2018, 27(7): 756-759. |
| 91. | Enns RA, Hookey L, Armstrong D, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the use of video capsule endoscopy. Gastroenterology, 2017, 152(3): 497-514. |
| 92. | 中華醫學會消化內鏡學分會小腸鏡和膠囊內鏡學組. 中國小腸鏡臨床應用指南. 中華消化內鏡雜志, 2018, 35(10): 693-702. |
| 93. | Wu S, Gao YJ, Ge ZZ. Optimal use of polyethylene glycol for preparation of small bowel video capsule endoscopy: a network meta-analysis. Curr Med Res Opin, 2017, 33(6): 1149-1154. |
| 94. | Wu S, Zhong L, Zheng P, et al. Low-dose and same day use of polyethylene glycol improves image of video capsule endoscopy: A multi-center randomized clinical trial. J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2020, 35(4): 634-640. |
| 95. | 鄧濤, 徐紅, 楊雪麗, 等. 兩種不同時間口服聚乙二醇對小腸膠囊內鏡腸道準備效果影響的多中心隨機對照研究. 第三軍醫大學學報, 2018, 40(21): 1973-1977. |
| 96. | Albert J, G?bel CM, Lesske J, et al. Simethicone for small bowel preparation for capsule endoscopy: a systematic, single-blinded, controlled study. Gastrointest Endosc, 2004, 59(4): 487-491. |
| 97. | Lenze F, Nowacki T, Sch?ppner S, et al. Bowel preparation with polyethylene glycol 3350 or fasting only before peroral single-balloon enteroscopy: a randomized european multicenter trial. J Clin Gastroenterol, 2020, 54(2): 170-174. |
| 98. | van den Berg MM, Benninga MA, Di Lorenzo C. Epidemiology of childhood constipation: a systematic review. Am J Gastroenterol, 2006, 101(10): 2401-2409. |
| 99. | Y?ldar M, Yaman ?, Ba?bu? M, et al. A new approach in bowel preparation before colonoscopy in patients with constipation: a prospective, randomized, investigator-blinded trial. Turk J Surg, 2017, 33(1): 29-32. |
| 100. | Lu J, Cao Q, Wang X, et al. Application of oral lactulose in combination with polyethylene glycol electrolyte powder for colonoscopy bowel preparation in patients with constipation. Am J Ther, 2016, 23(4): e1020-1024. |
| 101. | 李靜嫻, 賴敏莉, 冼笑兒. 聚乙二醇聯合開塞露提高便秘病人腸鏡檢查腸道清潔度的效果研究. 當代護士(學術版), 2014, (8): 125-126. |
| 102. | Barkun A, Chiba N, Enns R, et al. Commonly used preparations for colonoscopy: efficacy, tolerability, and safety--a Canadian Association of Gastroenterology position paper. Can J Gastroenterol, 2006, 20(11): 699-710. |
| 103. | Restellini S, Kherad O, Bessissow T, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of colon cleansing preparations in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol, 2017, 23(32): 5994-6002. |
| 104. | Briot C, Faure P, Parmentier AL, et al. Efficacy, tolerability, and safety of low-volume bowel preparations for patients with inflammatory bowel diseases: the French multicentre CLEAN study. J Crohns Colitis, 2019, 13(9): 1121-1130. |
| 105. | 秦榕, 高建鵬, 堯穎, 等. 下消化道出血患者經不同腸道準備后急診腸鏡檢查的效果比較. 中華消化內鏡雜志, 2018, 35(3): 212-214. |
| 106. | Saito K, Inamori M, Sekino Y, et al. Management of acute lower intestinal bleeding: what bowel preparation should be required for urgent colonoscopy? Hepatogastroenterology, 2009, 56(94-95): 1331-1334. |
| 107. | Lim DS, Kim HG, Jeon SR, et al. Comparison of clinical effectiveness of the emergent colonoscopy in patients with hematochezia according to the type of bowel preparation. J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2013, 28(11): 1733-1737. |
| 108. | Trustworthy IOMU, Guidelines CP. Clinical practice guidelines we can trust. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US), 2011. |
- 1. 方瑩, 李巍, 張澍田. 發展兒童內鏡助力健康中國. 中華消化內鏡雜志, 2019, 36(1): 3-5.
- 2. 中國醫師協會內鏡醫師分會消化內鏡專業委員會, 中國抗癌協會腫瘤內鏡學專業委員會. 中國消化內鏡診療相關腸道準備指南(2019, 上海). 中華內科雜志, 2019, 58(7): 485-495.
- 3. 孫梅. 兒童消化系統解剖生理特點. 王衛平, 孫錕, 常立文. 兒科學(第9版). 北京: 人民衛生出版社, 2018: 208.
- 4. Tringali A, Thomson M, Dumonceau JM, et al. Pediatric gastrointestinal endoscopy: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) and European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) guideline executive summary. Endoscopy, 2017, 49(1): 83-91.
- 5. 中華醫學會消化內鏡學分會兒科協作組. 中國兒童胃鏡結腸鏡檢查規范操作專家共識. 中國實用兒科雜志, 2018, 33(11): 817-820.
- 6. World Health Organization. WHO handbook for guideline development (2nd ed). Vienna: World Health Organization, 2014.
- 7. 蔣朱明, 詹思延, 賈曉巍, 等. 制訂/修訂《臨床診療指南》的基本方法及程序. 中華醫學雜志, 2016, 96(4): 250-253.
- 8. Brouwers MC, Kho ME, Browman GP, et al. AGREE Ⅱ: Advancing guideline development, reporting and evaluation in health care. CMAJ, 2010, 182(18): E839-842.
- 9. Chen Y, Yang K, Maru?ic A, et al. A reporting tool for practice guidelines in health care: the RIGHT statement. Ann Intern Med, 2017, 166(2): 128-132.
- 10. 陳耀龍, 王小琴, 王琪, 等. 遵循指南報告規范 提升指南報告質量. 中華內科雜志, 2018, 57(3): 168-170.
- 11. Shea BJ, Grimshaw JM, Wells GA, et al. Development of AMSTAR: a measurement tool to assess the methodological quality of systematic reviews. BMC Med Res Methodol, 2007, 7(2): 1-7.
- 12. Higgins JP, Altman DG, G?tzsche PC, et al. The Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ, 2011, 343: d5928.
- 13. Whiting PF, Rutjes AW, Westwood ME, et al. QUADAS-2: a revised tool for the quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies. Ann Intern Med, 2011, 155(8): 529-536.
- 14. Wells GA, Shea BJ, O'Connell D, et al. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomized studies in meta-analyses. The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 2013, (3): 1-4.
- 15. Moga C, Guo B, Schopflocher D, et al. Development of a quality appraisal tool for case series studies using a modified Delphi technique. Edmonton AB: Institute of Health Economics, 2012.
- 16. Guyatt G, Oxman AD, Akl EA, et al. GRADE guidelines: 1. Introduction-GRADE evidence profiles and summary of findings tables. J Clin Epidemiol, 2011, 64(4): 383-394.
- 17. 陳耀龍, 姚亮, 杜亮, 等. GRADE在系統評價中應用的必要性及注意事項. 中國循證醫學雜志, 2013, 13(12): 1401-1404.
- 18. 姚亮, 陳耀龍, 杜亮, 等. GRADE在診斷準確性試驗系統評價中應用的實例解析. 中國循證醫學雜志, 2014, 14(11): 1407-1412.
- 19. 陳耀龍, 姚亮, 杜亮, 等. GRADE在診斷準確性試驗系統評價中應用的原理、方法、挑戰及發展趨勢. 中國循證醫學雜志, 2014, 14(11): 1402-1406.
- 20. 楊楠, 肖淑君, 周奇, 等. GRADE在網狀Meta分析中應用的基本原理和方法介紹. 中國循證醫學雜志, 2016, 16(5): 598-603.
- 21. Vernooij RW, Alonso-Coello P, Brouwers M, et al. Reporting items for updated clinical guidelines: checklist for the reporting of updated guidelines (Checkup). PLoS Med, 2017, 14(1): e1002207.
- 22. Clark BT, Rustagi T, Laine L. What level of bowel prep quality requires early repeat colonoscopy: systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of preparation quality on adenoma detection rate? Am J Gastroenterol, 2014, 109(11): 1714-1723.
- 23. Liang Y, Xin W, Yang Y, et al. Application of care bundles in bowel preparation for colonoscopy in children. Ann Palliat Med, 2019, 8(4): 476-482.
- 24. Chang CW, Shih SC, Wang HY, et al. Meta-analysis: the effect of patient education on bowel preparation for colonoscopy. Endosc Int Open, 2015, 3(6): E646-652.
- 25. Kurlander JE, Sondhi AR, Waljee AK, et al. How efficacious are patient education interventions to improve bowel preparation for colonoscopy? A systematic review. PloS One, 2016, 11(10): e0164442.
- 26. Guo X, Li X, Wang Z, et al. Reinforced education improves the quality of bowel preparation for colonoscopy: an updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. PloS One, 2020, 15(4): e0231888.
- 27. Desai M, Nutalapati V, Bansal A, et al. Use of smartphone applications to improve quality of bowel preparation for colonoscopy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Endosc Int Open, 2019, 7(2): E216-E224.
- 28. 盧小艷, 白姣姣, 王崢. 結腸鏡檢查前腸道準備健康教育效果的Meta分析. 護理研究, 2018, 32(10): 1537-1542.
- 29. Ye Z, Chen J, Xuan Z, et al. Educational video improves bowel preparation in patients undergoing colonoscopy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Palliat Med, 2020, 9(3): 671-680.
- 30. Tae JW, Lee JC, Hong SJ, et al. Impact of patient education with cartoon visual aids on the quality of bowel preparation for colonoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc, 2012, 76(4): 804-811.
- 31. Turner D, Levine A, Weiss B, et al. Evidence-based recommendations for bowel cleansing before colonoscopy in children: a report from a national working group. Endoscopy, 2010, 42(12): 1063-1070.
- 32. Hassan C, East J, Radaelli F, et al. Bowel preparation for colonoscopy: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) guideline - update 2019. Endoscopy, 2019, 51(8): 775-794.
- 33. Medline Plus. Available at: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000205.htm.
- 34. Medline Plus. Available at: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/patientinstructions/000200.htm.
- 35. Mytyk A, Lazowska-Przeorek I, Karolewska-Bochenek K, et al. Clear liquid versus low-fibre diet in bowel cleansing for colonoscopy in children: a randomized trial. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr, 2018, 66(5): 720-724.
- 36. Zhang X, Wu Q, Wei M, et al. Low-residual diet versus clear-liquid diet for bowel preparation before colonoscopy: meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis of randomized controlled trials. Gastrointest Endosc, 2020, 92(3): 508-518.
- 37. NSW Ministry of Health. Caring for children birth to 5 years (food, nutrition and learning experiences), 2014. Available at: https://www.health.nsw.gov.au/heal/Pages/caring-for-children-manual.aspx.
- 38. Trautwein AL, Vinitski LA, Peck SN. Bowel preparation before colonoscopy in the pediatric patient: a randomized study. Gastroenterol Nurs, 1996, 19(4): 137-139.
- 39. Jiao L, Wang J, Zhao W, et al. Comparison of the effect of 1-day and 2-day low residue diets on the quality of bowel preparation before colonoscopy. Saudi J Gastroenterol, 2020, 26(3): 137-143.
- 40. Nunes G, Barata AT, Santos CA, et al. Nutritional deficiency during colonoscopy preparation: the forgotten iatrogeny. Rev Esp Enferm Dig, 2018, 110(5): 285-291.
- 41. 張麗, 趙明娟, 趙猛超. 復方聚乙二醇電解質散和小百肽聯合清潔灌腸在小兒電子纖維結腸鏡檢查中的腸道清潔效果研究. 河北醫藥, 2015, (19): 3032-3033.
- 42. Aronchick C, Lipshultz W, Wright S. Validation of an instrument to assess colon cleansing. Am J Gastroenterol, 1999, 94: 2667.
- 43. Rostom A, Jolicoeur E. Validation of a new scale for the assessment of bowel preparation quality. Gastrointest Endosc, 2004, 59(4): 482-486.
- 44. Lai EJ, Calderwood AH, Doros G, et al. The Boston bowel preparation scale: a valid and reliable instrument for colonoscopy-oriented research. Gastrointest Endosc, 2009, 69(3 Pt 2): 620-625.
- 45. Halphen M, Heresbach D, Gruss HJ, et al. Validation of the Harefield Cleansing Scale: a tool for the evaluation of bowel cleansing quality in both research and clinical practice. Gastrointest Endosc, 2013, 78(1): 121-131.
- 46. Gerard D, Raiser M, Holden J, et al. Validation of a new bowel preparation scale for measuring colon cleansing for colonoscopy: The Chicago Bowel Preparation Scale. Clin Transl Gastroenterol, 2013, 4: 1-11.
- 47. Parmar R, Martel M, Rostom A, et al. Validated scales for colon cleansing: a systematic review. Am J Gastroenterol, 2016, 111(2): 197-204.
- 48. 高燕, 張厚德, 林木賢, 等. Boston腸道準備量表應用的信度評估. 中華消化內鏡雜志, 2012, 29(2): 78-80.
- 49. McNally PR, Maydonovitch CL, Wong RK. The effectiveness of simethicone in improving visibility during colonoscopy: a double-blind randomized study. Gastrointest Endosc, 1988, 34(3): 255-258.
- 50. Parente F, Vailati C, Bargiggia S, et al. 2-Litre polyethylene glycol-citrate-simethicone plus bisacodyl versus 4-litre polyethylene glycol as preparation for colonoscopy in chronic constipation. Dig Liver Dis, 2015, 47(10): 857-863.
- 51. Sriphongphankul H, Tanpowpong P, Lertudomphonwanit C, et al. Split dose versus full single-dose regimen of polyethylene glycol for bowel preparation in pediatric colonoscopy: a pilot study of randomized controlled trial. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2019, 31(11): 1382-1386.
- 52. Walia R, Steffen R, Feinberg L, et al. Tolerability, safety, and efficacy of PEG 3350 as a 1-day bowel preparation in children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr, 2013, 56(2): 225-228.
- 53. Merkel SI, Voepel-Lewis T, Shayevitz JR, et al. The FLACC: a behavioral scale for scoring postoperative pain in young children. Pediatr Nurs, 1997, 23(3): 293-297.
- 54. Crellin DJ, Harrison D, Santamaria N, et al. Systematic review of the face, legs, activity, cry and consolability scale for assessing pain in infants and children: is it reliable, valid, and feasible for use? Pain, 2015, 156(11): 2132-2151.
- 55. Kim HG, Huh KC, Koo HS, et al. Sodium Picosulfate with Magnesium Citrate (SPMC) plus laxative is a good alternative to conventional large volume polyethylene glycol in bowel preparation: a multicenter randomized single-blinded trial. Gut Liver, 2015, 9(4): 494-501.
- 56. Jeon SR, Kim HG, Lee JS, et al. Randomized controlled trial of low-volume bowel preparation agents for colonic bowel preparation: 2-L polyethylene glycol with ascorbic acid versus sodium picosulfate with magnesium citrate. Int J Colorectal Dis, 2015, 30(2): 251-258.
- 57. Kierkus J, Horvath A, Szychta M, et al. High- versus low-volume polyethylene glycol plus laxative versus sennosides for colonoscopy preparation in children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr, 2013, 57(2): 230-235.
- 58. WHO/UNICEF. Global strategy for infant and young child feeding. Geneva: WHO, 2003: 7-8.
- 59. ASGE Standards of Practice Committee, Lightdale JR, Acosta R, et al. Modifications in endoscopic practice for pediatric patients. Gastrointest Endosc, 2014, 79(5): 699-710.
- 60. Kumar A, Hussain A. Preoperative bowel preparation in children: polyethylene glycol versus normal saline. Afr J Paediatr Surg, 2013, 10(3): 235-238.
- 61. 張麗艷, 林小辛. 不同腸鏡術前準備方法在小兒消化腸鏡檢查的前腸道準備. 中國衛生標準管理, 2019, 10(23): 46-48.
- 62. Pall H, Zacur GM, Kramer RE, et al. Bowel preparation for pediatric colonoscopy: report of the NASPGHAN endoscopy and procedures committee. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr, 2014, 59(3): 409-416.
- 63. Gordon M, Karlsen F, Isaji S, et al. Bowel preparation for elective procedures in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Paediatr Open, 2017, 1: e000118.
- 64. Wallace Acioli Freire de Gois, Averbach M, Ejima FH, et al. Randomised clinical trial: 1-day bowel preparation vs. 2-day bowel preparation with polyethylene glycol 3350-a controlled study of efficacy in children bowel preparation for colonoscopy. Fukuoka: Conference Abstract Book of BIT's 2nd Annual World Congress of Digestive Disease, 2017.
- 65. Tripathi PR, Poddar U, Yachha SK, et al. Efficacy of single- versus split-dose polyethylene glycol for colonic preparation in children: a randomized control study. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr, 2020, 70(1): e1-e6.
- 66. 蘇彩日, 韋彩香, 勞有益. 和爽與潘瀉葉沖飲在小兒腸道鏡檢查前腸道準備中的應用效果比較. 臨床合理用藥雜志, 2016, 9(16): 50-51, 53.
- 67. 郭明, 韓麗. 和爽與潘瀉葉沖飲在小兒結腸鏡檢查前腸道準備中的應用. 醫學新知, 2018, (A01): 695-696.
- 68. 袁小源, 徐秀堂, 李明. 乳果糖口服液在兒童結腸鏡檢查前腸道準備中的應用. 中國保健營養(中旬刊), 2013, (6): 550-551.
- 69. 段伯平, 歐陽文獻, 徐斌. 乳果糖口服溶液用于兒童結腸鏡檢查前腸道準備. 護理學雜志, 2010, 25(21): 40-41.
- 70. 歐陽文獻, 陳昌斌, 陳志勇, 等. 不同方式的腸道準備在兒童結腸鏡檢查中的效果觀察. 中華消化內鏡雜志, 2011, 28(8): 466-467.
- 71. 胡紹正, 杜紅宇, 鄒文書. 甘露醇和蓖麻油在兒童結腸鏡腸道準備中的對比研究. 泰山醫學院學報, 2018, 39(2): 175-177.
- 72. 蒙淑芝, 陳鳳瓊. 開塞露不同給藥方式對便秘治療的效果觀察. 華夏醫學, 2008, 21(2): 369-370.
- 73. 王偉, 劉俊梅, 鄒琴. 復方聚乙二醇電解質散劑與甘露醇清潔腸道的臨床觀察. 檢驗醫學與臨床, 2009, 6(12): 993-994.
- 74. Hassall E, Lobe TE. Risky business: oral sodium phosphate for precolonoscopy bowel preparation in children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr, 2007, 45(2): 268-269.
- 75. Mendoza J, Legido J, Rubio S, et al. Systematic review: the adverse effects of sodium phosphate enema. Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 2007, 26(1): 9-20.
- 76. Johnson DA, Barkun AN, Cohen LB, et al. Optimizing adequacy of bowel cleansing for colonoscopy: recommendations from the US multi-society task force on colorectal cancer. Gastroenterology, 2014, 147(4): 903-924.
- 77. 方浩然. 兒童結腸鏡檢查前腸道準備的研究進展. 國際兒科學雜志, 2019, 46(10): 733-736.
- 78. 楊榮英, 何結平, 袁淑卿. 少年兒童結腸鏡檢查前腸道準備不良的相關因素分析. 中國內鏡雜志, 2019, 25(5): 32-36.
- 79. Fang J, Fu HY, Ma D, et al. Constipation, fiber intake and non-compliance contribute to inadequate colonoscopy bowel preparation: a prospective cohort study. J Dig Dis, 2016, 17(7): 458-463.
- 80. 余卓文, 顧鶯, 黃瑛, 等. Bristol糞便性狀評估表在兒童結腸鏡檢查前腸道準備中的應用研究. 中華消化內鏡雜志, 2019, 36(1): 25-30.
- 81. 仲艷陽. 再次口服緩瀉劑與清潔灌腸對普通結腸鏡檢查腸道準備不充分患者補救效果的對比研究. 中國內鏡雜志, 2020, 26(5): 15-19.
- 82. Yang HJ, Park DI, Park SK, et al. A randomized controlled trial comparing colonoscopic enema with additional oral preparation as a salvage for inadequate bowel cleansing before colonoscopy. J Clin Gastroenterol, 2019, 53(8): e308-e315.
- 83. 張志宏, 邱春華, 李良平. 比較西甲硅油不同使用方法在膠囊內鏡腸道準備中的效果. 中華消化內鏡雜志, 2016, 33(7): 473-475.
- 84. Li Y, Xing S, Chen R, et al. The effect of oral polyethylene glycol combined with simethicone for colonoscopy on cecal intubation rate, tolerability and acceptability: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Gastroenterol Belg, 2019, 82(3): 407-415.
- 85. 串俊蘭, 呂晶. 西甲硅油應用于腸道準備的有效性及安全性的系統評價. 實用醫院臨床雜志, 2015, (6): 144-147.
- 86. 羅艷紅, 易利純, 游潔玉. 不同腸道準備方案在兒童單氣囊小腸鏡檢查中的應用效果對比. 臨床小兒外科雜志, 2019, 18(3): 229-232.
- 87. Oliva S, Cucchiara S, Spada C, et al. Small bowel cleansing for capsule endoscopy in paediatric patients: a prospective randomized single-blind study. Dig Liver Dis, 2014, 46(1): 51-55.
- 88. Li DF, Luo MH, Du QQ, et al. Efficacy of low-dose versus high-dose simethicone with polyethylene glycol for bowel preparation: A prospective randomized controlled trial. J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2020, 35(9): 1488-1494.
- 89. Kim H, Ko BM, Goong HJ, et al. Optimal timing of simethicone addition for bowel preparation using polyethylene glycol plus ascorbic acid. Dig Dis Sci, 2019, 64(9): 2607-2613.
- 90. 楊孝孝, 戴夫, 彭瓊, 等. 不同時間口服二甲硅油對結腸鏡檢查效果的影響. 胃腸病學和肝病學雜志, 2018, 27(7): 756-759.
- 91. Enns RA, Hookey L, Armstrong D, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the use of video capsule endoscopy. Gastroenterology, 2017, 152(3): 497-514.
- 92. 中華醫學會消化內鏡學分會小腸鏡和膠囊內鏡學組. 中國小腸鏡臨床應用指南. 中華消化內鏡雜志, 2018, 35(10): 693-702.
- 93. Wu S, Gao YJ, Ge ZZ. Optimal use of polyethylene glycol for preparation of small bowel video capsule endoscopy: a network meta-analysis. Curr Med Res Opin, 2017, 33(6): 1149-1154.
- 94. Wu S, Zhong L, Zheng P, et al. Low-dose and same day use of polyethylene glycol improves image of video capsule endoscopy: A multi-center randomized clinical trial. J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2020, 35(4): 634-640.
- 95. 鄧濤, 徐紅, 楊雪麗, 等. 兩種不同時間口服聚乙二醇對小腸膠囊內鏡腸道準備效果影響的多中心隨機對照研究. 第三軍醫大學學報, 2018, 40(21): 1973-1977.
- 96. Albert J, G?bel CM, Lesske J, et al. Simethicone for small bowel preparation for capsule endoscopy: a systematic, single-blinded, controlled study. Gastrointest Endosc, 2004, 59(4): 487-491.
- 97. Lenze F, Nowacki T, Sch?ppner S, et al. Bowel preparation with polyethylene glycol 3350 or fasting only before peroral single-balloon enteroscopy: a randomized european multicenter trial. J Clin Gastroenterol, 2020, 54(2): 170-174.
- 98. van den Berg MM, Benninga MA, Di Lorenzo C. Epidemiology of childhood constipation: a systematic review. Am J Gastroenterol, 2006, 101(10): 2401-2409.
- 99. Y?ldar M, Yaman ?, Ba?bu? M, et al. A new approach in bowel preparation before colonoscopy in patients with constipation: a prospective, randomized, investigator-blinded trial. Turk J Surg, 2017, 33(1): 29-32.
- 100. Lu J, Cao Q, Wang X, et al. Application of oral lactulose in combination with polyethylene glycol electrolyte powder for colonoscopy bowel preparation in patients with constipation. Am J Ther, 2016, 23(4): e1020-1024.
- 101. 李靜嫻, 賴敏莉, 冼笑兒. 聚乙二醇聯合開塞露提高便秘病人腸鏡檢查腸道清潔度的效果研究. 當代護士(學術版), 2014, (8): 125-126.
- 102. Barkun A, Chiba N, Enns R, et al. Commonly used preparations for colonoscopy: efficacy, tolerability, and safety--a Canadian Association of Gastroenterology position paper. Can J Gastroenterol, 2006, 20(11): 699-710.
- 103. Restellini S, Kherad O, Bessissow T, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of colon cleansing preparations in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol, 2017, 23(32): 5994-6002.
- 104. Briot C, Faure P, Parmentier AL, et al. Efficacy, tolerability, and safety of low-volume bowel preparations for patients with inflammatory bowel diseases: the French multicentre CLEAN study. J Crohns Colitis, 2019, 13(9): 1121-1130.
- 105. 秦榕, 高建鵬, 堯穎, 等. 下消化道出血患者經不同腸道準備后急診腸鏡檢查的效果比較. 中華消化內鏡雜志, 2018, 35(3): 212-214.
- 106. Saito K, Inamori M, Sekino Y, et al. Management of acute lower intestinal bleeding: what bowel preparation should be required for urgent colonoscopy? Hepatogastroenterology, 2009, 56(94-95): 1331-1334.
- 107. Lim DS, Kim HG, Jeon SR, et al. Comparison of clinical effectiveness of the emergent colonoscopy in patients with hematochezia according to the type of bowel preparation. J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2013, 28(11): 1733-1737.
- 108. Trustworthy IOMU, Guidelines CP. Clinical practice guidelines we can trust. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US), 2011.

