Mycoplasma genitalium infection rate among pregnancy females in China: a meta-analysis_Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine

Authors：

XUAN Yan ^1,2 ^# , ZHAO Yaqi ^1,2 ^# , HONG Xiang ^1,2 , YAN Tao ^1,2 , ZHOU Xu ^1,2 , SONG Xuelong ^1,2 , QIN Jinyan ^1,2 ,  WANG Bei ^1,2

1. Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China;
2. Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China;

Corresponding?author：

WANG Bei, Email: wangbeilxb@163.com

Keywords：

Mycoplasma genitalium; Pregnant women; Reproductive tract; Meta-analysis; Systematic review

DOI：

10.7507/1672-2531.202111133

Video：

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Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Objective To systematically review the infection and colonization of Mycoplasma genitalium (Mg) in the reproductive tract of pregnant females in China. Methods PubMed, Web of Science, SinoMed, CNKI, VIP and WanFang Data databases were electronically searched to collect cross-sectional studies on Mg infection in pregnant females in China from inception to October 10, 2021. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies; then, meta-analysis was performed by using R1.1.463 software. Results A total of 23 cross-sectional studies were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that the prevalence rate of Mg infection in pregnant females was 4.86% (95%CI 2.84% to 7.38%). The prevalence rates of Mg infection in females with ectopic pregnancy, spontaneous abortion, induced abortions and PROM were 13.01% (95%CI 6.90% to 20.69%), 11.81% (95%CI 3.30% to 24.59%), 6.11% (95%CI 2.70% to 10.77%), and 12.63% (95%CI 9.56% to 16.06%), respectively. Conclusion Current evidence shows that the prevalence rate of Mg infection in females with ectopic pregnancy, spontaneous abortion and premature rupture of membranes are higher than those in other pregnant females. Due to limited quality and quantity of the included studies, more high quality studies are needed to verify the above conclusion.

Citation： XUAN Yan, ZHAO Yaqi, HONG Xiang, YAN Tao, ZHOU Xu, SONG Xuelong, QIN Jinyan, WANG Bei. Mycoplasma genitalium infection rate among pregnancy females in China: a meta-analysis. Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine, 2022, 22(3): 332-337. doi: 10.7507/1672-2531.202111133 Copy

1.	Simms I, Eastick K, Mallinson H, et al. Associations between Mycoplasma genitalium, Chlamydia trachomatis and pelvic inflammatory disease. J Clin Pathol, 2003, 56(8): 616-618.
2.	Lis R, Rowhani-Rahbar A, Manhart LE. Mycoplasma genitalium infection and female reproductive tract disease: a meta-analysis. Clin Infect Dis, 2015, 61(3): 418-426.
3.	Cheng L, Gao Y, Xia Q, et al. Reproductive tract microbiota of women in childbearing age shifts upon gynecological infections and menstrual cycle. BMC Microbiol, 2021, 21(1): 252.
4.	曾憲濤, 劉慧, 陳曦, 等. Meta分析系列之四: 觀察性研究的質量評價工具. 中國循證心血管醫學雜志, 2012, 4(4): 297-299.
5.	孔繁榮, 朱學駿, 周駿馬, 等. 泌尿生殖道人型支原體和生殖支原體的檢測. 臨床皮膚科雜志, 1996, (1): 3-5.
6.	朱云霞, 許菁, 惠月紅, 等. 輸卵管妊娠者輸卵管組織生殖支原體檢測研究. 中華流行病學雜志, 1999, 20(5): 282.
7.	朱云霞, 吳志君, 許菁, 等. 生殖支原體和發酵支原體與胎膜早破、胎兒窘迫的關系研究. 中國優生與遺傳雜志, 1999, 7(4): 27,67.
8.	董若琳, 唐少華, 鄭廷迪, 等. 輸卵管妊娠患者生殖支原體, 人型支原體及發酵支原體檢測. 溫州醫學院學報, 1999, 29(3): 238-239.
9.	陸曉虹, 朱其蓀, 方春梅. 孕婦下生殖道生殖支原體感染與母嬰關系研究. 中國優生與遺傳雜志, 1999, 7(6): 66-67.
10.	黃瑞萍, 湯韌, 閔玉芳, 等. 正常及異常妊娠婦女生殖支原體的核酸檢測. 中華圍產醫學雜志, 1999, 2(3): 174-175.
11.	桑翠琴, 魯杰, 楊振蕓, 等. 130例妊娠婦女生殖道的生殖支原體檢測. 中華圍產醫學雜志, 1999, 2(2): 117-118.
12.	杜金潔, 王怡芳, 謝維衛. 502例孕婦人型支原體, 生殖支原體, 發酵支原體感染的分子流行病學研究. 中國優生與遺傳雜志, 2000, 8(3): 40-41.
13.	王怡芳, 田德虎, 朱云龍, 等. 輸卵管妊娠組織人型支原體, 生殖支原體和發酵支原體感染的研究. 中國煤炭工業醫學雜志, 2000, 3(3): 290-291.
14.	劉德莉, 賀子秋, 汪佩鑫, 等. PCR技術檢測輸卵管異位妊娠石蠟包埋組織支原體感染. 中國優生與遺傳雜志, 2000, 8(2): 23-25.
15.	朱云霞, 吳志君, 許菁, 等. 輸卵管組織中生殖支原體核酸檢測研究. 中國優生與遺傳雜志, 2000, 8(5): 30-31.
16.	俞信忠, 方敏, 袁江英, 等. 生殖支原體母嬰垂直傳播的研究. 疾病監測, 2002, (6): 205-207.
17.	陳華, 呂娟, 李鳳山, 等. 生殖支原體感染與輸卵管妊娠及輸卵管病理關系的研究. 中國優生與遺傳雜志, 2001, 9(4): 55-56, 127.
18.	王怡芳, 朱云霞. 輸卵管妊娠患者輸卵管病灶組織支原體核酸的檢測. 中華婦產科雜志, 2002, 37(2): 109.
19.	任平, 官潔, 張云霞, 等. 自然流產患者沙眼衣原體和支原體宮內感染的檢測研究. 中國優生與遺傳雜志, 2002, 10(3): 35-37.
20.	劉福民, 朱學文, 周健, 等. 自然流產胚胎組織中生殖支原體的檢測. 中國計劃生育學雜志, 2002, 10(10): 612-613.
21.	田艷, 謝婧. 妊娠期生殖支原體感染與胎膜早破關系探討. 當代醫學, 2012, 18(26): 67.
22.	彭艷敏. 妊娠期生殖支原體感染對圍產兒及孕產婦的影響. 當代醫學, 2012, 18(26): 5-6.
23.	陳敏玲, 陳慧軍, 瞿先花. 人工流產后生殖支原體感染與盆腔炎的相關性分析. 中華醫院感染學雜志, 2013, 23(11): 2646-2648.
24.	謝婧, 焉彩霞, 劉志敏, 等. 復發性自然流產患者宮頸分泌物中生殖支原體與解脲脲原體的檢測及臨床意義. 當代醫學, 2016, 22(10): 48-49.
25.	陳磊, 于曉蘭, 劉朝暉. 人工流產女性的宮頸常見性傳播病原體感染及性伴情況調查. 中國性科學, 2017, 26(11): 66-68.
26.	陳相, 杜麗偉, 龔海娜, 等. 待產孕婦生殖支原體感染的現狀調查. 當代醫學, 2020, 26(35): 31-33.
27.	陳相, 杜麗偉, 龔海娜, 等. 孕婦生殖支原體感染垂直傳播與妊娠結局分析. 醫學檢驗與臨床, 2020, 31(6): 66-68.
28.	Baumann L, Cina M, Egli-Gany D, et al. Prevalence of Mycoplasma genitalium in different population groups: systematic review and meta-analysis. Sex Transm Infect, 2018, 94(4): 255-262.
29.	宣巖, 魏蘭馨, 洪翔, 等. 我國不同人群生殖支原體感染率的Meta分析. 中華流行病學雜志, 2021, 42(2): 335-342.
30.	Pinto-Sander N, Soni S. Mycoplasma genitalium infection. BMJ, 2019, 367: l5820.
31.	Berger RE. Comparison of first void urine and urogenital swab specimens for detection of Mycoplasma genitalium and Chlamydia trachomatis by polymerase chain reaction in patients attending a sexually transmitted disease clinic. J Urol, 2005, 173(6): 1989-1990.
32.	Oakeshott P, Hay P, Taylor-Robinson D, et al. Prevalence of Mycoplasma genitalium in early pregnancy and relationship between its presence and pregnancy outcome. BJOG, 2004, 111(12): 1464-1467.
33.	Short VL, Jensen JS, Nelson DB, et al. Mycoplasma genitalium among young, urban pregnant women. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol, 2010, 2010: 984760.
34.	Antonio MA, Hawes SE, Hillier SL. The identification of vaginal Lactobacillus species and the demographic and microbiologic characteristics of women colonized by these species. J Infect Dis, 1999, 180(6): 1950-1956.
35.	Wiesenfeld HC, Manhart LE. Mycoplasma genitalium in women: current knowledge and research priorities for this recently emerged pathogen. J Infect Dis, 2017, 216(suppl 2): S389-S395.
36.	Refaat B, Ashshi AM, Batwa SA, et al. The prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma genitalium tubal infections and their effects on the expression of IL-6 and leukaemia inhibitory factor in Fallopian tubes with and without an ectopic pregnancy. Innate Immun, 2016, 22(7): 534-545.
37.	蘆笛, 白伶俐, 任永變. 解脲支原體, 沙眼衣原體感染與異位妊娠的相關性研究. 中國性科學, 2016, 25(6): 137-139.
38.	Lu GC, Schwebke JR, Duffy LB, et al. Midtrimester vaginal Mycoplasma genitalium in women with subsequent spontaneous preterm birth. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 2001, 185(1): 163-165.
39.	閆立青. 支原體屬及沙眼衣原體感染與胚胎停止發育的臨床觀察. 中華醫院感染學雜志, 2013, 23(16): 3972-3973.
40.	Giakoumelou S, Wheelhouse N, Cuschieri K, et al. The role of infection in miscarriage. Hum Reprod Update, 2016, 22(1): 116-133.
41.	Ma C, Du J, Dou Y, et al. The associations of genital mycoplasmas with female infertility and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Reprod Sci, 2021, 28(11): 3013-3031.
42.	張秋鴻, 徐小紅, 金彩娥. 生殖道解脲支原體和沙眼衣原體感染對孕晚期胎膜早破的影響. 中國艾滋病性病, 2020, 26(11): 1217-1220.

1. Simms I, Eastick K, Mallinson H, et al. Associations between Mycoplasma genitalium, Chlamydia trachomatis and pelvic inflammatory disease. J Clin Pathol, 2003, 56(8): 616-618.
2. Lis R, Rowhani-Rahbar A, Manhart LE. Mycoplasma genitalium infection and female reproductive tract disease: a meta-analysis. Clin Infect Dis, 2015, 61(3): 418-426.
3. Cheng L, Gao Y, Xia Q, et al. Reproductive tract microbiota of women in childbearing age shifts upon gynecological infections and menstrual cycle. BMC Microbiol, 2021, 21(1): 252.
4. 曾憲濤, 劉慧, 陳曦, 等. Meta分析系列之四: 觀察性研究的質量評價工具. 中國循證心血管醫學雜志, 2012, 4(4): 297-299.
5. 孔繁榮, 朱學駿, 周駿馬, 等. 泌尿生殖道人型支原體和生殖支原體的檢測. 臨床皮膚科雜志, 1996, (1): 3-5.
6. 朱云霞, 許菁, 惠月紅, 等. 輸卵管妊娠者輸卵管組織生殖支原體檢測研究. 中華流行病學雜志, 1999, 20(5): 282.
7. 朱云霞, 吳志君, 許菁, 等. 生殖支原體和發酵支原體與胎膜早破、胎兒窘迫的關系研究. 中國優生與遺傳雜志, 1999, 7(4): 27,67.
8. 董若琳, 唐少華, 鄭廷迪, 等. 輸卵管妊娠患者生殖支原體, 人型支原體及發酵支原體檢測. 溫州醫學院學報, 1999, 29(3): 238-239.
9. 陸曉虹, 朱其蓀, 方春梅. 孕婦下生殖道生殖支原體感染與母嬰關系研究. 中國優生與遺傳雜志, 1999, 7(6): 66-67.
10. 黃瑞萍, 湯韌, 閔玉芳, 等. 正常及異常妊娠婦女生殖支原體的核酸檢測. 中華圍產醫學雜志, 1999, 2(3): 174-175.
11. 桑翠琴, 魯杰, 楊振蕓, 等. 130例妊娠婦女生殖道的生殖支原體檢測. 中華圍產醫學雜志, 1999, 2(2): 117-118.
12. 杜金潔, 王怡芳, 謝維衛. 502例孕婦人型支原體, 生殖支原體, 發酵支原體感染的分子流行病學研究. 中國優生與遺傳雜志, 2000, 8(3): 40-41.
13. 王怡芳, 田德虎, 朱云龍, 等. 輸卵管妊娠組織人型支原體, 生殖支原體和發酵支原體感染的研究. 中國煤炭工業醫學雜志, 2000, 3(3): 290-291.
14. 劉德莉, 賀子秋, 汪佩鑫, 等. PCR技術檢測輸卵管異位妊娠石蠟包埋組織支原體感染. 中國優生與遺傳雜志, 2000, 8(2): 23-25.
15. 朱云霞, 吳志君, 許菁, 等. 輸卵管組織中生殖支原體核酸檢測研究. 中國優生與遺傳雜志, 2000, 8(5): 30-31.
16. 俞信忠, 方敏, 袁江英, 等. 生殖支原體母嬰垂直傳播的研究. 疾病監測, 2002, (6): 205-207.
17. 陳華, 呂娟, 李鳳山, 等. 生殖支原體感染與輸卵管妊娠及輸卵管病理關系的研究. 中國優生與遺傳雜志, 2001, 9(4): 55-56, 127.
18. 王怡芳, 朱云霞. 輸卵管妊娠患者輸卵管病灶組織支原體核酸的檢測. 中華婦產科雜志, 2002, 37(2): 109.
19. 任平, 官潔, 張云霞, 等. 自然流產患者沙眼衣原體和支原體宮內感染的檢測研究. 中國優生與遺傳雜志, 2002, 10(3): 35-37.
20. 劉福民, 朱學文, 周健, 等. 自然流產胚胎組織中生殖支原體的檢測. 中國計劃生育學雜志, 2002, 10(10): 612-613.
21. 田艷, 謝婧. 妊娠期生殖支原體感染與胎膜早破關系探討. 當代醫學, 2012, 18(26): 67.
22. 彭艷敏. 妊娠期生殖支原體感染對圍產兒及孕產婦的影響. 當代醫學, 2012, 18(26): 5-6.
23. 陳敏玲, 陳慧軍, 瞿先花. 人工流產后生殖支原體感染與盆腔炎的相關性分析. 中華醫院感染學雜志, 2013, 23(11): 2646-2648.
24. 謝婧, 焉彩霞, 劉志敏, 等. 復發性自然流產患者宮頸分泌物中生殖支原體與解脲脲原體的檢測及臨床意義. 當代醫學, 2016, 22(10): 48-49.
25. 陳磊, 于曉蘭, 劉朝暉. 人工流產女性的宮頸常見性傳播病原體感染及性伴情況調查. 中國性科學, 2017, 26(11): 66-68.
26. 陳相, 杜麗偉, 龔海娜, 等. 待產孕婦生殖支原體感染的現狀調查. 當代醫學, 2020, 26(35): 31-33.
27. 陳相, 杜麗偉, 龔海娜, 等. 孕婦生殖支原體感染垂直傳播與妊娠結局分析. 醫學檢驗與臨床, 2020, 31(6): 66-68.
28. Baumann L, Cina M, Egli-Gany D, et al. Prevalence of Mycoplasma genitalium in different population groups: systematic review and meta-analysis. Sex Transm Infect, 2018, 94(4): 255-262.
29. 宣巖, 魏蘭馨, 洪翔, 等. 我國不同人群生殖支原體感染率的Meta分析. 中華流行病學雜志, 2021, 42(2): 335-342.
30. Pinto-Sander N, Soni S. Mycoplasma genitalium infection. BMJ, 2019, 367: l5820.
31. Berger RE. Comparison of first void urine and urogenital swab specimens for detection of Mycoplasma genitalium and Chlamydia trachomatis by polymerase chain reaction in patients attending a sexually transmitted disease clinic. J Urol, 2005, 173(6): 1989-1990.
32. Oakeshott P, Hay P, Taylor-Robinson D, et al. Prevalence of Mycoplasma genitalium in early pregnancy and relationship between its presence and pregnancy outcome. BJOG, 2004, 111(12): 1464-1467.
33. Short VL, Jensen JS, Nelson DB, et al. Mycoplasma genitalium among young, urban pregnant women. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol, 2010, 2010: 984760.
34. Antonio MA, Hawes SE, Hillier SL. The identification of vaginal Lactobacillus species and the demographic and microbiologic characteristics of women colonized by these species. J Infect Dis, 1999, 180(6): 1950-1956.
35. Wiesenfeld HC, Manhart LE. Mycoplasma genitalium in women: current knowledge and research priorities for this recently emerged pathogen. J Infect Dis, 2017, 216(suppl 2): S389-S395.
36. Refaat B, Ashshi AM, Batwa SA, et al. The prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma genitalium tubal infections and their effects on the expression of IL-6 and leukaemia inhibitory factor in Fallopian tubes with and without an ectopic pregnancy. Innate Immun, 2016, 22(7): 534-545.
37. 蘆笛, 白伶俐, 任永變. 解脲支原體, 沙眼衣原體感染與異位妊娠的相關性研究. 中國性科學, 2016, 25(6): 137-139.
38. Lu GC, Schwebke JR, Duffy LB, et al. Midtrimester vaginal Mycoplasma genitalium in women with subsequent spontaneous preterm birth. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 2001, 185(1): 163-165.
39. 閆立青. 支原體屬及沙眼衣原體感染與胚胎停止發育的臨床觀察. 中華醫院感染學雜志, 2013, 23(16): 3972-3973.
40. Giakoumelou S, Wheelhouse N, Cuschieri K, et al. The role of infection in miscarriage. Hum Reprod Update, 2016, 22(1): 116-133.
41. Ma C, Du J, Dou Y, et al. The associations of genital mycoplasmas with female infertility and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Reprod Sci, 2021, 28(11): 3013-3031.
42. 張秋鴻, 徐小紅, 金彩娥. 生殖道解脲支原體和沙眼衣原體感染對孕晚期胎膜早破的影響. 中國艾滋病性病, 2020, 26(11): 1217-1220.

Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine

Mycoplasma genitalium infection rate among pregnancy females in China: a meta-analysis

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