Burden trend analysis of disease attributable to high low density lipoprotein cholesterol in Chinese population from 1990 to 2019_Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine

Authors：

YUAN Kongjun ¹ , ZHAO Chuangyi ¹ , YANG Yuan ¹ , YAN Danhong ¹ ,  ZHOU Guangqing ²

1. School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, P. R. China;
2. Health Management Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, P. R. China;

Corresponding?author：

ZHOU Guangqing, Email: 13318898668@189.cn

Keywords：

High LDL-C; Burden of disease; Mortality rate; DALYs; YLLs; YLDs

DOI：

10.7507/1672-2531.202112052

Video：

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Objective To analyze the variation trend of high low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) attribution disease burden in China from 1990 to 2019. Methods The burden of disease indicators from Global Burden of Disease 2019 (GBD 2019), such as death attributable to high LDL-C, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), years of life lost (YLLs), and years lost to disability (YLDs) were extracted. The age was standardized using GBD 2019 global standard population, and the trend of rates with the annual percentage change (APC) was analyzed. Results From 1990 to 2019, the disease burden of high LDL-C increased with age in China. The mortality rate, DALYs rate and YLLs rate of males were higher than those of females, while the YLDs rate of males was lower than that of females. Joinpoint regression results showed that from 1990 to 2019, the high LDL-C attribution mortality rate (APC=3.4%, P<0.05), DALYs rate (APC=2.4%, P<0.05), YLLs rate (APC=2.4%, P<0.05), YLDs rate (APC = 2.9%, P<0.05), the standardized mortality rate (APC=0.8%, P<0.05) and the standardized YLDs rate (APC=0.7%, P<0.05) all increased in China. Regarding age, the mortality rate, DALYs rate and YLLs rate increased in the age group over 70 years old, while the YLDs rate increased significantly in the age group over 45 years old. Conclusion From 1990 to 2019, the burden of disease attributable to high LDL-C in China has become increasingly heavy, and the burden varies according to gender and age.

Citation： YUAN Kongjun, ZHAO Chuangyi, YANG Yuan, YAN Danhong, ZHOU Guangqing. Burden trend analysis of disease attributable to high low density lipoprotein cholesterol in Chinese population from 1990 to 2019. Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine, 2022, 22(4): 444-449. doi: 10.7507/1672-2531.202112052 Copy

1.	中國心血管健康與疾病報告編寫組. 中國心血管健康與疾病報告2019概要. 中國循環雜志, 2020, 35(9): 833-854.
2.	Browning LM, Hsieh SD, Ashwell M. A systematic review of waist-to-weight ratio as a screening tool for the prediction of cardiovascular disease and diabetes: 0·5 could be a suitable global boundary value. Nutr Res Rev, 2010, 23(2): 247-269.
3.	Ren J, Grundy SM, Liu J, et al. Long-term coronary heart disease risk associated with very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in Chinese: the results of a 15-year Chinese Multi-Provincial Cohort Study (CMCS). Atherosclerosis, 2010, 211(1): 327-332.
4.	Boekholdt SM, Hovingh GK, Mora S, et al. Very low levels of atherogenic lipoproteins and the risk for cardiovascular events: a meta-analysis of statin trials. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2014, 64(5): 485-494.
5.	Zhou M, Wang H, Zeng X, et al. Mortality, morbidity, and risk factors in China and its provinces, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet, 2019, 394(10204): 1145-1158.
6.	Zhang X, Liu J, Wang M, et al. Twenty-year epidemiologic study on LDL-C levels in relation to the risks of atherosclerotic event, hemorrhagic stroke, and cancer death among young and middle-aged population in China. J Clin Lipidol, 2018, 12(5): 1179-1189.
7.	Zhang M, Deng Q, Wang L, et al. Prevalence of dyslipidemia and achievement of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol targets in Chinese adults: a nationally representative survey of 163 641 adults. Int J Cardiol, 2018, 260: 196-203.
8.	Joint committee for guideline revision. 2016 Chinese guidelines for the management of dyslipidemia in adults. J Geriatr Cardiol, 2018, 15(1): 1-29.
9.	Silverman MG, Ference BA, Im K, et al. Association between lowering LDL-C and cardiovascular risk reduction among different therapeutic interventions: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA, 2016, 316(12): 1289-1297.
10.	Song PK, Man QQ, Li H, et al. Trends in lipids level and dyslipidemia among Chinese adults, 2002-2015. Biomed Environ Sci, 2019, 32(8): 559-570.
11.	GBD 2017 Risk Factor Collaborators. Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2017. Lancet, 2018, 392(10159): 1923-1994.
12.	Grundy SM, Stone NJ, Bailey AL, et al. 2018 AHA/ACC/AACVPR/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/ADA/AGS/APhA/ASPC/NLA/PCNA guideline on the management of blood cholesterol: executive summary: a report of the American college of cardiology/American heart association task force on clinical practice guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2019, 73(24): 3168-3209.
13.	Mach F, Baigent C, Catapano AL, et al. 2019 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular risk. Eur Heart J, 2020, 41(1): 111-188.
14.	GBD 2019 Diseases and Injuries Collaborators. Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2019. Lancet, 2020, 396(10258): 1204-1222.
15.	GBD 2019 Demographics Collaborators. Global age-sex-specific fertility, mortality, healthy life expectancy (HALE), and population estimates in 204 countries and territories, 1950-2019: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2019. Lancet, 2020, 396(10258): 1160-1203.
16.	GBD 2019 Risk Factors Collaborators. Global burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2019. Lancet, 2020, 396(10258): 1223-1249.
17.	GBD 2019 Universal Health Coverage Collaborators. Measuring universal health coverage based on an index of effective coverage of health services in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2019. Lancet, 2020, 396(10258): 1250-1284.
18.	徐曉慧, 楊靜, 王黎君, 等. 2017年中國人群高血清低密度脂蛋白膽固醇歸因疾病負擔研究. 中華流行病學雜志, 2020, 41(6): 839-844.
19.	徐曉慧. 中國居民高低密度脂蛋白膽固醇歸因死亡及其防控措施實施情況研究. 北京: 中國疾病預防控制中心, 2020.
20.	楊靜, 王卓群, 趙艷芳, 等. 2013年中國歸因于高血清總膽固醇的疾病負擔研究. 中華預防醫學雜志, 2016, 50(9): 764-768.
21.	Feig JE, Hewing B, Smith JD, et al. High-density lipoprotein and atherosclerosis regression: evidence from preclinical and clinical studies. Circ Res, 2014, 114(1): 205-213.
22.	Duprez DA, Otvos J, Tracy RP, et al. High-density lipoprotein subclasses and noncardiovascular, noncancer chronic inflammatory-related events versus cardiovascular events: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis. J Am Heart Assoc, 2015, 4(9): e002295.
23.	趙旺, 葉平, 胡大一, 等. 根據《中國成人血脂異常防治指南(2016年修訂版)》再分析DYSIS-China橫斷面調查. 中國心血管雜志, 2020, 25(1): 55-61.
24.	Stevens W, Peneva D, Li JZ, et al. Estimating the future burden of cardiovascular disease and the value of lipid and blood pressure control therapies in China. BMC Health Serv Res, 2016, 16: 175.
25.	宋永健, 杜鑫, 鄭夢伊, 等. 低密度脂蛋白膽固醇累積暴露對新發急性心肌梗死影響的前瞻性隊列研究. 中國循環雜志, 2020, 35(3): 246-253.
26.	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). CDC Grand Rounds: the million hearts initiative. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 2012, 61(50): 1017-1021.
27.	趙文華, 孔靈芝, 霍勇. 血脂異常應成為基層慢性病健康管理的核心內容. 中華健康管理學雜志, 2018, 12(4): 289-291.

1. 中國心血管健康與疾病報告編寫組. 中國心血管健康與疾病報告2019概要. 中國循環雜志, 2020, 35(9): 833-854.
2. Browning LM, Hsieh SD, Ashwell M. A systematic review of waist-to-weight ratio as a screening tool for the prediction of cardiovascular disease and diabetes: 0·5 could be a suitable global boundary value. Nutr Res Rev, 2010, 23(2): 247-269.
3. Ren J, Grundy SM, Liu J, et al. Long-term coronary heart disease risk associated with very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in Chinese: the results of a 15-year Chinese Multi-Provincial Cohort Study (CMCS). Atherosclerosis, 2010, 211(1): 327-332.
4. Boekholdt SM, Hovingh GK, Mora S, et al. Very low levels of atherogenic lipoproteins and the risk for cardiovascular events: a meta-analysis of statin trials. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2014, 64(5): 485-494.
5. Zhou M, Wang H, Zeng X, et al. Mortality, morbidity, and risk factors in China and its provinces, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet, 2019, 394(10204): 1145-1158.
6. Zhang X, Liu J, Wang M, et al. Twenty-year epidemiologic study on LDL-C levels in relation to the risks of atherosclerotic event, hemorrhagic stroke, and cancer death among young and middle-aged population in China. J Clin Lipidol, 2018, 12(5): 1179-1189.
7. Zhang M, Deng Q, Wang L, et al. Prevalence of dyslipidemia and achievement of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol targets in Chinese adults: a nationally representative survey of 163 641 adults. Int J Cardiol, 2018, 260: 196-203.
8. Joint committee for guideline revision. 2016 Chinese guidelines for the management of dyslipidemia in adults. J Geriatr Cardiol, 2018, 15(1): 1-29.
9. Silverman MG, Ference BA, Im K, et al. Association between lowering LDL-C and cardiovascular risk reduction among different therapeutic interventions: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA, 2016, 316(12): 1289-1297.
10. Song PK, Man QQ, Li H, et al. Trends in lipids level and dyslipidemia among Chinese adults, 2002-2015. Biomed Environ Sci, 2019, 32(8): 559-570.
11. GBD 2017 Risk Factor Collaborators. Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2017. Lancet, 2018, 392(10159): 1923-1994.
12. Grundy SM, Stone NJ, Bailey AL, et al. 2018 AHA/ACC/AACVPR/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/ADA/AGS/APhA/ASPC/NLA/PCNA guideline on the management of blood cholesterol: executive summary: a report of the American college of cardiology/American heart association task force on clinical practice guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2019, 73(24): 3168-3209.
13. Mach F, Baigent C, Catapano AL, et al. 2019 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular risk. Eur Heart J, 2020, 41(1): 111-188.
14. GBD 2019 Diseases and Injuries Collaborators. Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2019. Lancet, 2020, 396(10258): 1204-1222.
15. GBD 2019 Demographics Collaborators. Global age-sex-specific fertility, mortality, healthy life expectancy (HALE), and population estimates in 204 countries and territories, 1950-2019: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2019. Lancet, 2020, 396(10258): 1160-1203.
16. GBD 2019 Risk Factors Collaborators. Global burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2019. Lancet, 2020, 396(10258): 1223-1249.
17. GBD 2019 Universal Health Coverage Collaborators. Measuring universal health coverage based on an index of effective coverage of health services in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2019. Lancet, 2020, 396(10258): 1250-1284.
18. 徐曉慧, 楊靜, 王黎君, 等. 2017年中國人群高血清低密度脂蛋白膽固醇歸因疾病負擔研究. 中華流行病學雜志, 2020, 41(6): 839-844.
19. 徐曉慧. 中國居民高低密度脂蛋白膽固醇歸因死亡及其防控措施實施情況研究. 北京: 中國疾病預防控制中心, 2020.
20. 楊靜, 王卓群, 趙艷芳, 等. 2013年中國歸因于高血清總膽固醇的疾病負擔研究. 中華預防醫學雜志, 2016, 50(9): 764-768.
21. Feig JE, Hewing B, Smith JD, et al. High-density lipoprotein and atherosclerosis regression: evidence from preclinical and clinical studies. Circ Res, 2014, 114(1): 205-213.
22. Duprez DA, Otvos J, Tracy RP, et al. High-density lipoprotein subclasses and noncardiovascular, noncancer chronic inflammatory-related events versus cardiovascular events: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis. J Am Heart Assoc, 2015, 4(9): e002295.
23. 趙旺, 葉平, 胡大一, 等. 根據《中國成人血脂異常防治指南(2016年修訂版)》再分析DYSIS-China橫斷面調查. 中國心血管雜志, 2020, 25(1): 55-61.
24. Stevens W, Peneva D, Li JZ, et al. Estimating the future burden of cardiovascular disease and the value of lipid and blood pressure control therapies in China. BMC Health Serv Res, 2016, 16: 175.
25. 宋永健, 杜鑫, 鄭夢伊, 等. 低密度脂蛋白膽固醇累積暴露對新發急性心肌梗死影響的前瞻性隊列研究. 中國循環雜志, 2020, 35(3): 246-253.
26. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). CDC Grand Rounds: the million hearts initiative. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 2012, 61(50): 1017-1021.
27. 趙文華, 孔靈芝, 霍勇. 血脂異常應成為基層慢性病健康管理的核心內容. 中華健康管理學雜志, 2018, 12(4): 289-291.

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Burden trend analysis of disease attributable to high low density lipoprotein cholesterol in Chinese population from 1990 to 2019

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