Guideline for identification and referral of suspected paediatric neuroblastoma_Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine

Authors：

 MA Xiaoli ¹ ,  PENG Xiaoxia ² , DUAN Chao ¹ , WANG Huanmin ³ , SU Yan ¹ , LIU Yali ² , HE Lejian ⁴ , WANG Xiaoman ⁵ , YU Tong ⁶ , ZHOU Yuchen ¹ , JIANG Chiyi ¹ , ZHU Shuai ¹

1. Medical Oncology Department, Pediatric Oncology Center, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’t Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100045, P. R. China;
2. Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Medicine, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing 100045, P. R. China;
3. Surgical Oncology Department, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing 100045, P. R. China;
4. Pathology Department, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing 100045, P. R. China;
5. Ultrasonography Department, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing 100045, P. R. China;
6. Medical Imaging Department, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing 100045, P. R. China;

Corresponding?author：

MA Xiaoli, Email: mxl1123@vip.sina.com; PENG Xiaoxia, Email: pengxiaoxia@bch.com.cn

Keywords：

Guideline; Neuroblastoma; Screening; Referral

DOI：

10.7507/1672-2531.202203129

Video：

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Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial solid malignant tumor in children. NB has various clinical manifestations, many of which are not specific, which ultimately lead to the delayed diagnosis of the tumor. In order to provide guidance for the identification of paediatric NB, the guideline for the identification and referral of suspected paediatric neuroblastoma is formulated and complied using a standard formulation process, and has received input from multidisciplinary experts, based on existing evidence, clinical practices and China's national conditions.

Citation： MA Xiaoli, PENG Xiaoxia, DUAN Chao, WANG Huanmin, SU Yan, LIU Yali, HE Lejian, WANG Xiaoman, YU Tong, ZHOU Yuchen, JIANG Chiyi, ZHU Shuai. Guideline for identification and referral of suspected paediatric neuroblastoma. Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine, 2022, 22(11): 1241-1248. doi: 10.7507/1672-2531.202203129 Copy

1.	London WB, Castleberry RP, Matthay KK, et al. Evidence for an age cutoff greater than 365 days for neuroblastoma risk group stratification in the Children's Oncology Group. J Clin Oncol, 2005, 23(27): 6459-6465.
2.	Irwin MS, Park JR. Neuroblastoma: paradigm for precision medicine. Pediatr Clin North Am, 2015, 62(1): 225-256.
3.	Schilling FH, Spix C, Berthold F, et al. Neuroblastoma screening at one year of age. N Engl J Med, 2002, 346(14): 1047-1053.
4.	Sawada T, Kidowaki T, Sugimoto T, et al. Incidence of neuroblastoma in infancy in Japan. Med Pediatr Oncol, 1984, 12(2): 101-103.
5.	Shinagawa T, Kitamura T, Katanoda K, et al. The incidence and mortality rates of neuroblastoma cases before and after the cessation of the mass screening program in Japan: a descriptive study. Int J Cancer, 2017, 140(3): 618-625.
6.	National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Suspected cancer: recognition and referral. Available at: www. nice. org. uk/guidance/ng12.
7.	Ma X, Duan C, Cai S, et al. The development and initial evaluation of referral flowchart for suspected neuroblastoma for pediatricians in nononcology clinics in China. Pediatr Blood Cancer, 2021, 68(5): e28869.
8.	王欣迪, 段超, 張大偉, 等. 神經母細胞瘤患兒首發癥狀及其診斷意義分析. 中華實用兒科臨床雜志, 2019, (5): 359-363.
9.	Tuchman M, Ramnaraine ML, Woods WG, et al. Three years of experience with random urinary homovanillic and vanillylmandelic acid levels in the diagnosis of neuroblastoma. Pediatrics, 1987, 79(2): 203-205.
10.	Cangemi G, Barco S, Reggiardo G, et al. Interchangeability between 24-hour collection and single spot urines for vanillylmandelic and homovanillic acid levels in the diagnosis of neuroblastoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer, 2013, 60(12): 170-172.
11.	Tuchman M, Robison LL, Maynard RC, et al. Assessment of the diurnal variations in urinary homovanillic and vanillylmandelic acid excretion for the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with neuroblastoma. Clin Biochem, 1985, 18(3): 176-179.
12.	初平, 魯潔, 金雅瓊, 等. 隨機尿香草扁桃酸與肌酐比值檢測對神經母細胞瘤診斷價值的Meta分析. 中國實用兒科雜志, 2015, 30(5): 362-367.
13.	Barco S, Gennai I, Reggiardo G, et al. Urinary homovanillic and vanillylmandelic acid in the diagnosis of neuroblastoma: report from the Italian Cooperative Group for Neuroblastoma. Clin Biochem, 2014, 47(9): 848-852.
14.	Tran MT, Baglin J, Tran TT, et al. Development of a new biochemical test to diagnose and monitor neuroblastoma in Vietnam: homovanillic and vanillylmandelic acid by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Clin Biochem, 2014, 47(3): 206-215.
15.	杜同信, 方群, 王自正, 等. 神經母細胞瘤患者尿液兒茶酚胺代謝物及血清癌胚抗原, 神經烯醇化酶水平變化分析. 標記免疫分析與臨床, 2012, 19(4): 226-228.
16.	李文華, 羅金鳳. 隨機尿和24小時尿測定香草扁桃酸對臨床診斷的比較. 江西醫學檢驗, 2007, 25(2): 174, 136.
17.	Sies CW, Florkowski CM, Sullivan M, et al. Urinary VMA, dopamine and the likelihood of neuroblastoma: a preferred way of reporting laboratory results? Ann Clin Biochem, 2006, 43(Pt 4): 300-305.
18.	王亞柱, 李強, 張錦華, 等. 高效液相色譜法檢測尿中兒茶酚胺代謝產物含量在神經母細胞瘤早期診斷中的價值. 中國當代兒科雜志, 2004, 6(1): 34-37.
19.	李民駒, 黃勇, 魚達. 任意尿香草扁桃酸和高香草酸的肌酐比值測定診斷神經母細胞瘤. 浙江大學學報(醫學版), 2002, 31(3): 219-221.
20.	黃勇, 李民駒, 魚達. 隨機尿VMA、HVA與肌酐比值的測定. 中華小兒外科雜志, 2000, 21(3): 145-147.
21.	Monsaingeon M, Perel Y, Simonnet G, et al. Comparative values of catecholamines and metabolites for the diagnosis of neuroblastoma. Eur J Pediatr, 2003, 162(6): 397-402.
22.	Gitlow SE, Bertani LM, Rausen A, et al. Diagnosis of neuroblastoma by qualitative and quantitative determination of catecholamine metabolites in urine. Cancer, 1970, 25(6): 1377-1383.
23.	Adedayo AA, Igashi JB, Mshelbwala PM, et al. Accuracy of ultrasonography in the evaluation of abdominal masses in children in Nigeria. Afr J Paediatr Surg, 2019, 16(1): 1-5.
24.	王寧, 王曉曼, 錢林學, 等. 超聲診斷兒童頸部神經母細胞瘤. 中國介入影像與治療學, 2016, 13(5): 315-317.
25.	王艷曉, 王婕妤, 劉穎, 等. 超聲和CT在兒童神經母細胞瘤診斷、臨床分期和治療方案制定中的價值分析. 現代腫瘤醫學, 2020, 28(13): 2291-2294.
26.	張遇樂, 王娜. 超聲對小兒神經母細胞瘤的診斷價值分析. 中華生物醫學工程雜志, 2020, 26(6): 494-497.
27.	湯祎, 邢艷. 多層螺旋CT與彩色多普勒超聲對小兒腹部神經母細胞瘤的檢查結果比較. 醫療裝備, 2020, 33(12): 29-30.
28.	吳宙光, 王斌, 陳子民, 等. 彩色多普勒超聲對兒童神經母細胞瘤的診斷分析. 中國腫瘤臨床與康復, 2020, 27(3): 257-260.
29.	張堯, 王爍, 劉博威. 超聲診斷小兒神經母細胞瘤的臨床應用價值. 中國臨床醫學影像雜志, 2019, 30(5): 333-336.
30.	黃雪, 李智賢, 廖新紅, 等. 彩色多普勒超聲診斷小兒腹部神經母細胞瘤的臨床應用. 廣西醫科大學學報, 2017, 34(6): 910-912.
31.	何耀眾. 應用彩色多普勒超聲診斷小兒神經母細胞性腫瘤的臨床價值. 中國實用神經疾病雜志, 2016, 19(1): 87-88.
32.	王艷曉, 馬靈芝. 彩色多普勒超聲在兒童神經母細胞瘤診斷和隨訪中的價值. 現代腫瘤醫學, 2013, 21(4): 855-857.
33.	秦敬, 于本霞. 兒童神經母細胞瘤的超聲與CT診斷及對比分析. 中國實用醫藥, 2008, 3(19): 62-63.
34.	王亞柱, 周微微, 張錦華, 等. 應用彩色多普勒超聲診斷隱蔽型神經母細胞瘤. 中國現代醫學雜志, 2004, 14(9): 96-97.
35.	蒲英英, 張錦華, 王善伯, 等. 隱蔽型神經母細胞瘤的影像學定位診斷. 中國醫學影像學雜志, 1998, 6(2): 30-32.
36.	樂桂蓉, 黃道中, 張青萍. 彩色多普勒超聲在兒童神經母細胞瘤診斷中的應用價值. 中國超聲醫學雜志, 1996, 12(2): 50-52.
37.	Swift CC, Eklund MJ, Kraveka JM, et al. Updates in diagnosis, management, and treatment of neuroblastoma. Radiographics, 2018, 38(2): 566-580.
38.	中國抗癌協會小兒腫瘤專業委員會, 中華醫學會小兒外科學分會腫瘤外科學組. 兒童神經母細胞瘤診療專家共識. 中華小兒外科雜志, 2015, 36(1): 3-7.
39.	張安安, 潘慈, 葉啟東, 等. 4期神經母細胞瘤綜合治療的遠期隨訪觀察. 中華醫學雜志, 2014, 94(20): 1547-1552.

1. London WB, Castleberry RP, Matthay KK, et al. Evidence for an age cutoff greater than 365 days for neuroblastoma risk group stratification in the Children's Oncology Group. J Clin Oncol, 2005, 23(27): 6459-6465.
2. Irwin MS, Park JR. Neuroblastoma: paradigm for precision medicine. Pediatr Clin North Am, 2015, 62(1): 225-256.
3. Schilling FH, Spix C, Berthold F, et al. Neuroblastoma screening at one year of age. N Engl J Med, 2002, 346(14): 1047-1053.
4. Sawada T, Kidowaki T, Sugimoto T, et al. Incidence of neuroblastoma in infancy in Japan. Med Pediatr Oncol, 1984, 12(2): 101-103.
5. Shinagawa T, Kitamura T, Katanoda K, et al. The incidence and mortality rates of neuroblastoma cases before and after the cessation of the mass screening program in Japan: a descriptive study. Int J Cancer, 2017, 140(3): 618-625.
6. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Suspected cancer: recognition and referral. Available at: www. nice. org. uk/guidance/ng12.
7. Ma X, Duan C, Cai S, et al. The development and initial evaluation of referral flowchart for suspected neuroblastoma for pediatricians in nononcology clinics in China. Pediatr Blood Cancer, 2021, 68(5): e28869.
8. 王欣迪, 段超, 張大偉, 等. 神經母細胞瘤患兒首發癥狀及其診斷意義分析. 中華實用兒科臨床雜志, 2019, (5): 359-363.
9. Tuchman M, Ramnaraine ML, Woods WG, et al. Three years of experience with random urinary homovanillic and vanillylmandelic acid levels in the diagnosis of neuroblastoma. Pediatrics, 1987, 79(2): 203-205.
10. Cangemi G, Barco S, Reggiardo G, et al. Interchangeability between 24-hour collection and single spot urines for vanillylmandelic and homovanillic acid levels in the diagnosis of neuroblastoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer, 2013, 60(12): 170-172.
11. Tuchman M, Robison LL, Maynard RC, et al. Assessment of the diurnal variations in urinary homovanillic and vanillylmandelic acid excretion for the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with neuroblastoma. Clin Biochem, 1985, 18(3): 176-179.
12. 初平, 魯潔, 金雅瓊, 等. 隨機尿香草扁桃酸與肌酐比值檢測對神經母細胞瘤診斷價值的Meta分析. 中國實用兒科雜志, 2015, 30(5): 362-367.
13. Barco S, Gennai I, Reggiardo G, et al. Urinary homovanillic and vanillylmandelic acid in the diagnosis of neuroblastoma: report from the Italian Cooperative Group for Neuroblastoma. Clin Biochem, 2014, 47(9): 848-852.
14. Tran MT, Baglin J, Tran TT, et al. Development of a new biochemical test to diagnose and monitor neuroblastoma in Vietnam: homovanillic and vanillylmandelic acid by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Clin Biochem, 2014, 47(3): 206-215.
15. 杜同信, 方群, 王自正, 等. 神經母細胞瘤患者尿液兒茶酚胺代謝物及血清癌胚抗原, 神經烯醇化酶水平變化分析. 標記免疫分析與臨床, 2012, 19(4): 226-228.
16. 李文華, 羅金鳳. 隨機尿和24小時尿測定香草扁桃酸對臨床診斷的比較. 江西醫學檢驗, 2007, 25(2): 174, 136.
17. Sies CW, Florkowski CM, Sullivan M, et al. Urinary VMA, dopamine and the likelihood of neuroblastoma: a preferred way of reporting laboratory results? Ann Clin Biochem, 2006, 43(Pt 4): 300-305.
18. 王亞柱, 李強, 張錦華, 等. 高效液相色譜法檢測尿中兒茶酚胺代謝產物含量在神經母細胞瘤早期診斷中的價值. 中國當代兒科雜志, 2004, 6(1): 34-37.
19. 李民駒, 黃勇, 魚達. 任意尿香草扁桃酸和高香草酸的肌酐比值測定診斷神經母細胞瘤. 浙江大學學報(醫學版), 2002, 31(3): 219-221.
20. 黃勇, 李民駒, 魚達. 隨機尿VMA、HVA與肌酐比值的測定. 中華小兒外科雜志, 2000, 21(3): 145-147.
21. Monsaingeon M, Perel Y, Simonnet G, et al. Comparative values of catecholamines and metabolites for the diagnosis of neuroblastoma. Eur J Pediatr, 2003, 162(6): 397-402.
22. Gitlow SE, Bertani LM, Rausen A, et al. Diagnosis of neuroblastoma by qualitative and quantitative determination of catecholamine metabolites in urine. Cancer, 1970, 25(6): 1377-1383.
23. Adedayo AA, Igashi JB, Mshelbwala PM, et al. Accuracy of ultrasonography in the evaluation of abdominal masses in children in Nigeria. Afr J Paediatr Surg, 2019, 16(1): 1-5.
24. 王寧, 王曉曼, 錢林學, 等. 超聲診斷兒童頸部神經母細胞瘤. 中國介入影像與治療學, 2016, 13(5): 315-317.
25. 王艷曉, 王婕妤, 劉穎, 等. 超聲和CT在兒童神經母細胞瘤診斷、臨床分期和治療方案制定中的價值分析. 現代腫瘤醫學, 2020, 28(13): 2291-2294.
26. 張遇樂, 王娜. 超聲對小兒神經母細胞瘤的診斷價值分析. 中華生物醫學工程雜志, 2020, 26(6): 494-497.
27. 湯祎, 邢艷. 多層螺旋CT與彩色多普勒超聲對小兒腹部神經母細胞瘤的檢查結果比較. 醫療裝備, 2020, 33(12): 29-30.
28. 吳宙光, 王斌, 陳子民, 等. 彩色多普勒超聲對兒童神經母細胞瘤的診斷分析. 中國腫瘤臨床與康復, 2020, 27(3): 257-260.
29. 張堯, 王爍, 劉博威. 超聲診斷小兒神經母細胞瘤的臨床應用價值. 中國臨床醫學影像雜志, 2019, 30(5): 333-336.
30. 黃雪, 李智賢, 廖新紅, 等. 彩色多普勒超聲診斷小兒腹部神經母細胞瘤的臨床應用. 廣西醫科大學學報, 2017, 34(6): 910-912.
31. 何耀眾. 應用彩色多普勒超聲診斷小兒神經母細胞性腫瘤的臨床價值. 中國實用神經疾病雜志, 2016, 19(1): 87-88.
32. 王艷曉, 馬靈芝. 彩色多普勒超聲在兒童神經母細胞瘤診斷和隨訪中的價值. 現代腫瘤醫學, 2013, 21(4): 855-857.
33. 秦敬, 于本霞. 兒童神經母細胞瘤的超聲與CT診斷及對比分析. 中國實用醫藥, 2008, 3(19): 62-63.
34. 王亞柱, 周微微, 張錦華, 等. 應用彩色多普勒超聲診斷隱蔽型神經母細胞瘤. 中國現代醫學雜志, 2004, 14(9): 96-97.
35. 蒲英英, 張錦華, 王善伯, 等. 隱蔽型神經母細胞瘤的影像學定位診斷. 中國醫學影像學雜志, 1998, 6(2): 30-32.
36. 樂桂蓉, 黃道中, 張青萍. 彩色多普勒超聲在兒童神經母細胞瘤診斷中的應用價值. 中國超聲醫學雜志, 1996, 12(2): 50-52.
37. Swift CC, Eklund MJ, Kraveka JM, et al. Updates in diagnosis, management, and treatment of neuroblastoma. Radiographics, 2018, 38(2): 566-580.
38. 中國抗癌協會小兒腫瘤專業委員會, 中華醫學會小兒外科學分會腫瘤外科學組. 兒童神經母細胞瘤診療專家共識. 中華小兒外科雜志, 2015, 36(1): 3-7.
39. 張安安, 潘慈, 葉啟東, 等. 4期神經母細胞瘤綜合治療的遠期隨訪觀察. 中華醫學雜志, 2014, 94(20): 1547-1552.

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