Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), with high prevalence rate, mortality, and disability rate, and heavy burden caused by the disease, has become a major chronic disease seriously threatening public health worldwide. Chinese medicine and Western medicine both have advantages in diagnosing and treating COPD, which have been widely used in clinic. In order to improve the diagnostic and treatment level for COPD with integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine, Chinese Medicine of internal Medicine Committee of World federation of Chinese Medicine Societies organized and established a multidisciplinary background working group, the document was formulated by referring to the formulating method and process of international guidelines in clinical practice, current evidence with the best quality, and characteristics of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine in treating COPD and weighing pros and cons of interventions, 13 recommendations were established, physicians can refer to this guideline to formulate individualized treatment plans in combination with the specific conditions of patients.
Citation: Internal Medicine Committee of World Federation of Chinese Medicine Societies Chinese Medicine Societies. Guideline of integrated Chinese and western medicine for diagnosis and treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine, 2023, 23(10): 1117-1128. doi: 10.7507/1672-2531.202304016 Copy
Copyright ? the editorial department of Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine of West China Medical Publisher. All rights reserved
| 1. | Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 2022. |
| 2. | 李建生, 余學慶. 慢性阻塞性肺疾病中醫分期分級防治策略. 中醫雜志, 2019, 60(22): 1895-1899. |
| 3. | World Health Organization. Who handbook for guideline development, 2nd ed. |
| 4. | 盧傳堅, 楊克虎. 中西醫結合診療指南制定手冊. 北京: 人民衛生出版社, 2016. |
| 5. | Guyatt GH, Oxman AD, Vist GE, et al. GRADE: an emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. BMJ, 2008, 336(7650): 924-926. |
| 6. | Chen Y, Yang K, Maru?ic A, et al. A reporting tool for practice guidelines in health care: the RIGHT statement. Ann Intern Med, 2017, 166(2): 128-132. |
| 7. | Shea BJ, Grimshaw JM, Wells GA, et al. Development of AMSTAR: a measurement tool to assess the methodological quality of systematic reviews. BMC Med Res Methodol, 2007, 7: 10. |
| 8. | Higgins JP, Altman DG, G?tzsche PC, et al. The Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ, 2011, 343: d5928. |
| 9. | Sterne JA, Hernán MA, Reeves BC, et al. ROBINS-I: a tool for assessing risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions. BMJ, 2016, 355: i4919. |
| 10. | 王小琴, 陳耀龍, 渠清源, 等. 病例系列研究方法學質量評價工具解讀. 中國循證兒科雜志, 2015, 10(5): 381-385. |
| 11. | Li JS. International clinical practice guideline of Chinese medicine: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. World J TCM, 2020, 1(6): 39-50. |
| 12. | 世界中醫藥學會聯合會. 國際中醫臨床實踐指南慢性阻塞性肺疾病. 世界中醫藥, 2020, 15(7): 1084-1092. |
| 13. | 李建生, 張海龍, 王海峰, 等. 慢性阻塞性肺疾病證候演變特點臨床調查. 中醫雜志, 2017, 58(9): 772-776. |
| 14. | 李建生. 正虛積損為慢性阻塞性肺疾病的主要病機. 中華中醫藥雜志, 2011, 26(8): 1710-1713. |
| 15. | 李建生, 余學慶, 王明航, 等. 中醫治療慢性阻塞性肺疾病研究的策略與實踐. 中華中醫藥雜志, 2012, 27(6): 1607-1614. |
| 16. | Barnes PJ. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Clin Chest Med, 2014, 35(1): 71-86. |
| 17. | Barnes PJ. COPD 2020: new directions needed. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, 2020, 319(5): 884-886. |
| 18. | 王辰. 內科學. 北京: 人民衛生出版社, 2020. |
| 19. | 李建生, 王海峰. 基于慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重危險窗的袪邪扶正序貫辨證治療策略. 中國中西醫結合雜志, 2011, 31(9): 1276-1280. |
| 20. | 中華醫學會呼吸病學分會慢性阻塞性肺疾病學組, 中國醫師協會呼吸醫師分會慢性阻塞性肺疾病工作委員會. 慢性阻塞性肺疾病診治指南(2021年修訂版). 中華結核和呼吸雜志, 2021, 44(3): 170-205. |
| 21. | 中華中醫藥學會內科分會肺系病專業委員會. 慢性阻塞性肺疾病中醫證候診斷標準(2011版). 中醫雜志, 2012, 53(2): 177-178. |
| 22. | 中國老年醫學學會呼吸病學分會慢性阻塞性肺疾病學組. 中國老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病臨床診治實踐指南. 中華結核和呼吸雜志, 2020, 43(2): 100-119. |
| 23. | 中華中醫藥學會. 慢性阻塞性肺疾病中醫診療指南(2018修訂版). |
| 24. | Xiong C, Li Y, Zhuang G, et al. Clinical efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal medicine versus placebo for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Complement Ther Med, 2021, 59: 102691. |
| 25. | Zeng Y, Li Y, Wei H, et al. The effects and safety of Chinese oral herbal paste on stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2020, 2020: 5867086. |
| 26. | Chan KH, Tsoi YYS, McCall M. The effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) as an adjunct treatment on stable COPD patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2021, 2021: 5550332. |
| 27. | 李建生. 2011國家中醫藥行業專項項目課題—早期慢性阻塞性肺疾病穩定期中醫治療方案與轉化應用研究. 2016. |
| 28. | 樊長征, 苗青, 樊茂蓉, 等. 慢性阻塞性肺疾病穩定期中醫臨床實踐指南(征求意見稿). 中國中藥雜志, 2020, 45(22): 5309-5322. |
| 29. | 邸家琪. 補肺益腎方治療肺功能3、4級COPD療效評價與急性加重預測模型的初步構建. 鄭州: 河南中醫藥大學, 2022. |
| 30. | Zhou Y, Zhong NS, Li X, et al. Tiotropium in early-stage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med, 2017, 377(10): 923-935. |
| 31. | Ma J, Zheng J, Zhong N, et al. Effects of YuPingFeng granules on acute exacerbations of COPD: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis, 2018, 13: 3107-3114. |
| 32. | 李建生. 國家十二五科技支撐計劃課題—病證結合提高中醫治療慢性阻塞性肺疾病療效研究. 2018. |
| 33. | 戴勇, 魏成功. 金水寶膠囊合家庭氧療對慢性阻塞性肺疾病穩定期患者生存質量的影響. 中國實驗方劑學雜志, 2010, 16(7): 206-209. |
| 34. | 喻敏, 王少飛, 王慧敏. 金水寶膠囊聯合布地奈德福莫特羅治療慢性阻塞性肺疾病穩定期的臨床研究. 現代藥物與臨床, 2019, 34(9): 2645-2648. |
| 35. | 魏莉莉, 劉海. 慢性阻塞性肺疾病臨床康復循證實踐指南. 中國康復理論與實踐, 2021, 27(1): 15-26. |
| 36. | Li JS. Guidelines for Chinese medicine rehabilitation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. World J TCM, 2020, 6(3): 295-306. |
| 37. | 世界中醫藥學會聯合會肺康復專業委員會. 慢性阻塞性肺疾病中醫康復指南. 世界中醫藥, 2020, 15(23): 3710-3718. |
| 38. | Li J, Zhang H, Ruan H, et al. Effects of Chinese herbal medicine on acute exacerbations of COPD: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis, 2020, 15: 2901-2912. |
| 39. | Gao Z, Jing J, Liu Y. Xiaoqinglong decoction (a traditional Chinese medicine) combined conventional treatment for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore), 2020, 99(14): e19571. |
| 40. | 朱秀影, 謝惠芳, 韓海, 等. 3種中藥注射劑治療慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期的網狀Meta分析. 中國中藥雜志, 2019, 44(10): 2179-2184. |
| 41. | 張海龍, 王明航, 李風雷, 等. 中醫藥辨證治療急性加重期慢性阻塞性肺疾病隨機對照試驗療效評價指標的系統評價. 中醫學報, 2013, 28(6): 797-804. |
| 42. | 李東敏, 唐哲, 戴慧暉. 蘇黃止咳膠囊對慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者肺功能的影響. 中國現代藥物應用, 2020, 14(2): 132-134. |
| 43. | 任君清. 蘇黃止咳膠囊對慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期患者肺功能、血氣分析及血清PCT、CRP的影響. 現代中西醫結合雜志, 2019, 28(13): 1442-1445. |
| 44. | 鄒艷麗, 徐輝, 周輝. 蘇黃止咳膠囊輔助治療老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期的臨床觀察. 中醫藥導報, 2017, 23(19): 89-91. |
| 45. | 李艷彬, 夏友宏, 梁劍峰, 等. 疏風解毒膠囊治療慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(痰熱郁肺證)的臨床觀察. 中國中醫急癥, 2020, 29(11): 2025-2027. |
| 46. | 饒娟, 晏海飛, 周文博, 等. 疏風解毒膠囊治療慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(痰熱郁肺證)臨床觀察. 中國中醫急癥, 2020, 29(10): 1818-1820. |
| 47. | 田圖磊, 唐超, 瞿香坤. 疏風解毒膠囊聯合常規療法治療慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(痰熱郁肺證)的臨床觀察. 中國中醫急癥, 2021, 30(1): 124-127. |
| 48. | 方明, 劉家昌. 復方抗流感中成藥制劑院前干預慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期臨床觀察. 中華中醫藥雜志, 2021, 36(2): 1168-1170. |
| 49. | 劉志剛, 孫宜芬, 孟紅旗. 蘇子降氣湯治療慢性阻塞性肺病急性加重療效觀察. 臨床肺科雜志, 2016, 21(8): 1442-1445. |
| 50. | Efficacy evaluation of supine daoyin in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a multi-center, randomized controlled trial (on going). |
| 51. | 張東. 仰臥導引干預慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期療效的初步評價. 鄭州: 河南中醫藥大學, 2022. |
| 52. | 謝芳, 吳永平, 劉磊, 等. 溫針灸治療慢性阻塞性肺病痰濁壅肺證: 隨機對照研究. 中國針灸, 2019, 39(9): 918-922. |
| 53. | 謝洋, 王佳佳, 李宣霖, 等. 針刺治療慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期的臨床研究文獻分析. 中國老年學雜志, 2019, 39(13): 3151-3154. |
| 54. | 盧軍儀, 趙丹, 孫義田, 等. 穴位貼敷輔助布地奈德治療COPD急性加重期療效及對其免疫功能和細胞因子表達的影響. 世界中西醫結合雜志, 2021, 16(4): 700-704, 709. |
| 55. | 盧軍儀, 趙丹, 孫義田, 等. 穴位貼敷組方治療痰熱郁肺型急性加重期慢性阻塞性肺疾病的臨床觀察. 世界中西醫結合雜志, 2021, 16(7): 1324-1328. |
| 56. | 王芳, 王勝, 宋新, 等. “清肺散”穴位貼敷治療痰熱郁肺證慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重35例. 安徽中醫藥大學學報, 2020, 39(3): 36-39. |
| 57. | 王洋洋, 呂錦輝. 自擬益氣化瘀方在AECOPD患者中輔助治療對患者激素用量影響. 黑龍江中醫藥, 2017, 46(4): 6-8. |
| 58. | Zhao K, Chen K, Huang Q, et al. Traditional Chinese medicine may reduce the dosage of systemic glucocorticoids in required patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: study protocol for a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Medicine (Baltimore), 2020, 99(18): e20035. |
| 59. | Prins HJ, Duijkers R, van der Valk P, et al. CRP-guided antibiotic treatment in acute exacerbations of COPD in hospital admissions. Eur Respir J, 2019, 53(5): 34. |
| 60. | Di J, Li X, Xie Y, et al. Procalcitonin-guided antibiotic therapy in AECOPD patients: overview of systematic reviews. Clin Respir J, 2021, 15(6): 579-594. |
| 61. | Litao G, Jingjing S, Yu L, et al. Risk factors for antibiotic-associated diarrhea in critically Ill patients. Med Sci Monit, 2018, 24: 5000-5007. |
| 62. | 郭利濤, 樊靜群, 李萌, 等. ICU患者應用碳青霉烯類抗菌藥物治療時發生抗生素相關性腹瀉的相關因素分析. 中華實用診斷與治療雜志, 2019, 33(8): 823-825. |
| 63. | 李國生, 許光蘭, 李嬌, 等. 清金化痰湯聯合西藥治療慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期患者的臨床效果. 中國醫藥, 2018, 13(7): 1012-1016. |
| 64. | 吳蔚, 王彬, 汪偉, 等. 清金化濁方對感染性慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重患者抗生素療程的影響. 中醫雜志, 2017, 58(20): 1764-1767. |
| 65. | Jiansheng L, Haifeng W, Suyun L, et al. Effect of sequential treatment with TCM syndrome differentiation on acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and AECOPD risk window. Complement Ther Med, 2016, 29: 109-115. |
| 66. | Effects of traditional Chinese medicine on AECOPD risk window patients: a multi-center, randomized, double-blind, controlled trial (on going). |
| 67. | 蔣艷麗, 王海峰, 李建生. 中醫藥治療慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期呼吸衰竭研究述評. 中醫學報, 2012, 27(6): 670-672. |
| 68. | 李建生. 關于慢性呼吸衰竭中醫診斷及辨證治療標準的研究. 中醫學報, 2010, 25(4): 627-629. |
| 69. | 李建生, 王明航, 余學慶, 等. 慢性阻塞性肺疾病呼吸衰竭中醫證候分布規律的文獻研究. 中醫雜志, 2010, 51(1): 68-71. |
| 70. | 王海峰, 李建生, 王丁超, 等. 中醫辨證配合西醫治療慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重呼吸衰竭52例臨床觀察. 中醫雜志, 2013, 54(8): 664-667. |
| 71. | 溫敏勇, 趙馥, 徐運升, 等. 健脾益胃化痰法對慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期呼吸衰竭機械通氣患者的免疫功能和脫機成功率的影響分析. 中華中醫藥學刊, 2018, 36(4): 920-922. |
| 72. | 肖磊, 馬麗敏, 劉美秀. 自擬清肺化痰方聯合無創通氣、信必可都保治療老年AECOPD伴呼吸衰竭的療效研究. 中國中醫急癥, 2020, 29(10): 1784-1787. |
| 73. | 程茹, 張明華, 俞萬鈞. 通腑平喘湯對老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并呼吸衰竭的療效及FVC、FEV1/FVC水平的影響. 中華中醫藥學刊, 2018, 36(7): 1653-1656. |
| 74. | 趙新愛, 金曉燁, 賀麗, 等. 益氣滌痰通腑湯輔助治療慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并呼吸衰竭患者100例臨床觀察. 中醫雜志, 2014, 55(13): 1120-1122. |
| 75. | 鐘愷立, 張宇. 大承氣湯灌腸聯合有創機械通氣治療慢性阻塞性肺疾病呼吸衰竭療效觀察. 中國中醫急癥, 2014, 23(1): 109-111. |
| 76. | 狐啟貴, 劉良麗. 益氣活血化痰法聯合無創輔助通氣治療慢阻肺急性加重期呼吸衰竭. 中國實驗方劑學雜志, 2013, 19(20): 303-306. |
| 77. | 李素云, 馬利軍, 吳其標. 益氣活血化痰開竅法為主治療慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并呼吸衰竭療效觀察. 中國中醫急癥, 2002, 11(1): 9-10. |
| 78. | Yiqi Huoxue Huatan granule for reducing mortality in with COPD chronic respiratory failure (on going). |
| 79. | Treatment of CRF with syndrome differentiation of TCM (on going). |
| 80. | 董政委, 樊官偉. 活血化瘀法治療低氧型肺高壓的Meta分析. 世界中西醫結合雜志, 2021, 16(4): 617-622, 639. |
| 81. | 徐向前, 徐倍琪, 郭曉燕, 等. 加味川芎平喘合劑治療慢性阻塞性肺疾病穩定期合并肺動脈高壓的臨床療效觀察. 中華中醫藥雜志, 2019, 34(7): 3338-3340. |
| 82. | 唐婷玉, 俞李羚, 陸曉玲, 等. 活血化瘀治療對慢性阻塞性肺疾病伴高凝狀態患者血管內皮功能的影響. 中華中醫藥學刊, 2015, 33(9): 2192-2194. |
| 83. | 王彬, 吳蔚, 汪偉, 等. 補肺化痰活血中藥治療慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并肺動脈高壓臨床觀察. 中國中醫藥信息雜志, 2012, 19(7): 72-73. |
| 84. | 葉健鏗, 蒙曉, 吳耀洲, 等. AECOPD患者住院直接經濟負擔影響因素分析及相關建議. 中國藥房, 2022, 33(12): 1474-1478. |
| 85. | 李春盈, 楊振宇, 馮超. 中西醫結合治療慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期臨床觀察. 四川中醫, 2022, 40(6): 82-84. |
| 86. | 余學慶, 李建生, 李素云, 等. 兩種慢性阻塞性肺疾病治療方案的成本-效果分析. 遼寧中醫雜志, 2006, 33(3): 294-295. |
- 1. Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 2022.
- 2. 李建生, 余學慶. 慢性阻塞性肺疾病中醫分期分級防治策略. 中醫雜志, 2019, 60(22): 1895-1899.
- 3. World Health Organization. Who handbook for guideline development, 2nd ed.
- 4. 盧傳堅, 楊克虎. 中西醫結合診療指南制定手冊. 北京: 人民衛生出版社, 2016.
- 5. Guyatt GH, Oxman AD, Vist GE, et al. GRADE: an emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. BMJ, 2008, 336(7650): 924-926.
- 6. Chen Y, Yang K, Maru?ic A, et al. A reporting tool for practice guidelines in health care: the RIGHT statement. Ann Intern Med, 2017, 166(2): 128-132.
- 7. Shea BJ, Grimshaw JM, Wells GA, et al. Development of AMSTAR: a measurement tool to assess the methodological quality of systematic reviews. BMC Med Res Methodol, 2007, 7: 10.
- 8. Higgins JP, Altman DG, G?tzsche PC, et al. The Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ, 2011, 343: d5928.
- 9. Sterne JA, Hernán MA, Reeves BC, et al. ROBINS-I: a tool for assessing risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions. BMJ, 2016, 355: i4919.
- 10. 王小琴, 陳耀龍, 渠清源, 等. 病例系列研究方法學質量評價工具解讀. 中國循證兒科雜志, 2015, 10(5): 381-385.
- 11. Li JS. International clinical practice guideline of Chinese medicine: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. World J TCM, 2020, 1(6): 39-50.
- 12. 世界中醫藥學會聯合會. 國際中醫臨床實踐指南慢性阻塞性肺疾病. 世界中醫藥, 2020, 15(7): 1084-1092.
- 13. 李建生, 張海龍, 王海峰, 等. 慢性阻塞性肺疾病證候演變特點臨床調查. 中醫雜志, 2017, 58(9): 772-776.
- 14. 李建生. 正虛積損為慢性阻塞性肺疾病的主要病機. 中華中醫藥雜志, 2011, 26(8): 1710-1713.
- 15. 李建生, 余學慶, 王明航, 等. 中醫治療慢性阻塞性肺疾病研究的策略與實踐. 中華中醫藥雜志, 2012, 27(6): 1607-1614.
- 16. Barnes PJ. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Clin Chest Med, 2014, 35(1): 71-86.
- 17. Barnes PJ. COPD 2020: new directions needed. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, 2020, 319(5): 884-886.
- 18. 王辰. 內科學. 北京: 人民衛生出版社, 2020.
- 19. 李建生, 王海峰. 基于慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重危險窗的袪邪扶正序貫辨證治療策略. 中國中西醫結合雜志, 2011, 31(9): 1276-1280.
- 20. 中華醫學會呼吸病學分會慢性阻塞性肺疾病學組, 中國醫師協會呼吸醫師分會慢性阻塞性肺疾病工作委員會. 慢性阻塞性肺疾病診治指南(2021年修訂版). 中華結核和呼吸雜志, 2021, 44(3): 170-205.
- 21. 中華中醫藥學會內科分會肺系病專業委員會. 慢性阻塞性肺疾病中醫證候診斷標準(2011版). 中醫雜志, 2012, 53(2): 177-178.
- 22. 中國老年醫學學會呼吸病學分會慢性阻塞性肺疾病學組. 中國老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病臨床診治實踐指南. 中華結核和呼吸雜志, 2020, 43(2): 100-119.
- 23. 中華中醫藥學會. 慢性阻塞性肺疾病中醫診療指南(2018修訂版).
- 24. Xiong C, Li Y, Zhuang G, et al. Clinical efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal medicine versus placebo for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Complement Ther Med, 2021, 59: 102691.
- 25. Zeng Y, Li Y, Wei H, et al. The effects and safety of Chinese oral herbal paste on stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2020, 2020: 5867086.
- 26. Chan KH, Tsoi YYS, McCall M. The effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) as an adjunct treatment on stable COPD patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2021, 2021: 5550332.
- 27. 李建生. 2011國家中醫藥行業專項項目課題—早期慢性阻塞性肺疾病穩定期中醫治療方案與轉化應用研究. 2016.
- 28. 樊長征, 苗青, 樊茂蓉, 等. 慢性阻塞性肺疾病穩定期中醫臨床實踐指南(征求意見稿). 中國中藥雜志, 2020, 45(22): 5309-5322.
- 29. 邸家琪. 補肺益腎方治療肺功能3、4級COPD療效評價與急性加重預測模型的初步構建. 鄭州: 河南中醫藥大學, 2022.
- 30. Zhou Y, Zhong NS, Li X, et al. Tiotropium in early-stage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med, 2017, 377(10): 923-935.
- 31. Ma J, Zheng J, Zhong N, et al. Effects of YuPingFeng granules on acute exacerbations of COPD: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis, 2018, 13: 3107-3114.
- 32. 李建生. 國家十二五科技支撐計劃課題—病證結合提高中醫治療慢性阻塞性肺疾病療效研究. 2018.
- 33. 戴勇, 魏成功. 金水寶膠囊合家庭氧療對慢性阻塞性肺疾病穩定期患者生存質量的影響. 中國實驗方劑學雜志, 2010, 16(7): 206-209.
- 34. 喻敏, 王少飛, 王慧敏. 金水寶膠囊聯合布地奈德福莫特羅治療慢性阻塞性肺疾病穩定期的臨床研究. 現代藥物與臨床, 2019, 34(9): 2645-2648.
- 35. 魏莉莉, 劉海. 慢性阻塞性肺疾病臨床康復循證實踐指南. 中國康復理論與實踐, 2021, 27(1): 15-26.
- 36. Li JS. Guidelines for Chinese medicine rehabilitation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. World J TCM, 2020, 6(3): 295-306.
- 37. 世界中醫藥學會聯合會肺康復專業委員會. 慢性阻塞性肺疾病中醫康復指南. 世界中醫藥, 2020, 15(23): 3710-3718.
- 38. Li J, Zhang H, Ruan H, et al. Effects of Chinese herbal medicine on acute exacerbations of COPD: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis, 2020, 15: 2901-2912.
- 39. Gao Z, Jing J, Liu Y. Xiaoqinglong decoction (a traditional Chinese medicine) combined conventional treatment for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore), 2020, 99(14): e19571.
- 40. 朱秀影, 謝惠芳, 韓海, 等. 3種中藥注射劑治療慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期的網狀Meta分析. 中國中藥雜志, 2019, 44(10): 2179-2184.
- 41. 張海龍, 王明航, 李風雷, 等. 中醫藥辨證治療急性加重期慢性阻塞性肺疾病隨機對照試驗療效評價指標的系統評價. 中醫學報, 2013, 28(6): 797-804.
- 42. 李東敏, 唐哲, 戴慧暉. 蘇黃止咳膠囊對慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者肺功能的影響. 中國現代藥物應用, 2020, 14(2): 132-134.
- 43. 任君清. 蘇黃止咳膠囊對慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期患者肺功能、血氣分析及血清PCT、CRP的影響. 現代中西醫結合雜志, 2019, 28(13): 1442-1445.
- 44. 鄒艷麗, 徐輝, 周輝. 蘇黃止咳膠囊輔助治療老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期的臨床觀察. 中醫藥導報, 2017, 23(19): 89-91.
- 45. 李艷彬, 夏友宏, 梁劍峰, 等. 疏風解毒膠囊治療慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(痰熱郁肺證)的臨床觀察. 中國中醫急癥, 2020, 29(11): 2025-2027.
- 46. 饒娟, 晏海飛, 周文博, 等. 疏風解毒膠囊治療慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(痰熱郁肺證)臨床觀察. 中國中醫急癥, 2020, 29(10): 1818-1820.
- 47. 田圖磊, 唐超, 瞿香坤. 疏風解毒膠囊聯合常規療法治療慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(痰熱郁肺證)的臨床觀察. 中國中醫急癥, 2021, 30(1): 124-127.
- 48. 方明, 劉家昌. 復方抗流感中成藥制劑院前干預慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期臨床觀察. 中華中醫藥雜志, 2021, 36(2): 1168-1170.
- 49. 劉志剛, 孫宜芬, 孟紅旗. 蘇子降氣湯治療慢性阻塞性肺病急性加重療效觀察. 臨床肺科雜志, 2016, 21(8): 1442-1445.
- 50. Efficacy evaluation of supine daoyin in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a multi-center, randomized controlled trial (on going).
- 51. 張東. 仰臥導引干預慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期療效的初步評價. 鄭州: 河南中醫藥大學, 2022.
- 52. 謝芳, 吳永平, 劉磊, 等. 溫針灸治療慢性阻塞性肺病痰濁壅肺證: 隨機對照研究. 中國針灸, 2019, 39(9): 918-922.
- 53. 謝洋, 王佳佳, 李宣霖, 等. 針刺治療慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期的臨床研究文獻分析. 中國老年學雜志, 2019, 39(13): 3151-3154.
- 54. 盧軍儀, 趙丹, 孫義田, 等. 穴位貼敷輔助布地奈德治療COPD急性加重期療效及對其免疫功能和細胞因子表達的影響. 世界中西醫結合雜志, 2021, 16(4): 700-704, 709.
- 55. 盧軍儀, 趙丹, 孫義田, 等. 穴位貼敷組方治療痰熱郁肺型急性加重期慢性阻塞性肺疾病的臨床觀察. 世界中西醫結合雜志, 2021, 16(7): 1324-1328.
- 56. 王芳, 王勝, 宋新, 等. “清肺散”穴位貼敷治療痰熱郁肺證慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重35例. 安徽中醫藥大學學報, 2020, 39(3): 36-39.
- 57. 王洋洋, 呂錦輝. 自擬益氣化瘀方在AECOPD患者中輔助治療對患者激素用量影響. 黑龍江中醫藥, 2017, 46(4): 6-8.
- 58. Zhao K, Chen K, Huang Q, et al. Traditional Chinese medicine may reduce the dosage of systemic glucocorticoids in required patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: study protocol for a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Medicine (Baltimore), 2020, 99(18): e20035.
- 59. Prins HJ, Duijkers R, van der Valk P, et al. CRP-guided antibiotic treatment in acute exacerbations of COPD in hospital admissions. Eur Respir J, 2019, 53(5): 34.
- 60. Di J, Li X, Xie Y, et al. Procalcitonin-guided antibiotic therapy in AECOPD patients: overview of systematic reviews. Clin Respir J, 2021, 15(6): 579-594.
- 61. Litao G, Jingjing S, Yu L, et al. Risk factors for antibiotic-associated diarrhea in critically Ill patients. Med Sci Monit, 2018, 24: 5000-5007.
- 62. 郭利濤, 樊靜群, 李萌, 等. ICU患者應用碳青霉烯類抗菌藥物治療時發生抗生素相關性腹瀉的相關因素分析. 中華實用診斷與治療雜志, 2019, 33(8): 823-825.
- 63. 李國生, 許光蘭, 李嬌, 等. 清金化痰湯聯合西藥治療慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期患者的臨床效果. 中國醫藥, 2018, 13(7): 1012-1016.
- 64. 吳蔚, 王彬, 汪偉, 等. 清金化濁方對感染性慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重患者抗生素療程的影響. 中醫雜志, 2017, 58(20): 1764-1767.
- 65. Jiansheng L, Haifeng W, Suyun L, et al. Effect of sequential treatment with TCM syndrome differentiation on acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and AECOPD risk window. Complement Ther Med, 2016, 29: 109-115.
- 66. Effects of traditional Chinese medicine on AECOPD risk window patients: a multi-center, randomized, double-blind, controlled trial (on going).
- 67. 蔣艷麗, 王海峰, 李建生. 中醫藥治療慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期呼吸衰竭研究述評. 中醫學報, 2012, 27(6): 670-672.
- 68. 李建生. 關于慢性呼吸衰竭中醫診斷及辨證治療標準的研究. 中醫學報, 2010, 25(4): 627-629.
- 69. 李建生, 王明航, 余學慶, 等. 慢性阻塞性肺疾病呼吸衰竭中醫證候分布規律的文獻研究. 中醫雜志, 2010, 51(1): 68-71.
- 70. 王海峰, 李建生, 王丁超, 等. 中醫辨證配合西醫治療慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重呼吸衰竭52例臨床觀察. 中醫雜志, 2013, 54(8): 664-667.
- 71. 溫敏勇, 趙馥, 徐運升, 等. 健脾益胃化痰法對慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期呼吸衰竭機械通氣患者的免疫功能和脫機成功率的影響分析. 中華中醫藥學刊, 2018, 36(4): 920-922.
- 72. 肖磊, 馬麗敏, 劉美秀. 自擬清肺化痰方聯合無創通氣、信必可都保治療老年AECOPD伴呼吸衰竭的療效研究. 中國中醫急癥, 2020, 29(10): 1784-1787.
- 73. 程茹, 張明華, 俞萬鈞. 通腑平喘湯對老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并呼吸衰竭的療效及FVC、FEV1/FVC水平的影響. 中華中醫藥學刊, 2018, 36(7): 1653-1656.
- 74. 趙新愛, 金曉燁, 賀麗, 等. 益氣滌痰通腑湯輔助治療慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并呼吸衰竭患者100例臨床觀察. 中醫雜志, 2014, 55(13): 1120-1122.
- 75. 鐘愷立, 張宇. 大承氣湯灌腸聯合有創機械通氣治療慢性阻塞性肺疾病呼吸衰竭療效觀察. 中國中醫急癥, 2014, 23(1): 109-111.
- 76. 狐啟貴, 劉良麗. 益氣活血化痰法聯合無創輔助通氣治療慢阻肺急性加重期呼吸衰竭. 中國實驗方劑學雜志, 2013, 19(20): 303-306.
- 77. 李素云, 馬利軍, 吳其標. 益氣活血化痰開竅法為主治療慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并呼吸衰竭療效觀察. 中國中醫急癥, 2002, 11(1): 9-10.
- 78. Yiqi Huoxue Huatan granule for reducing mortality in with COPD chronic respiratory failure (on going).
- 79. Treatment of CRF with syndrome differentiation of TCM (on going).
- 80. 董政委, 樊官偉. 活血化瘀法治療低氧型肺高壓的Meta分析. 世界中西醫結合雜志, 2021, 16(4): 617-622, 639.
- 81. 徐向前, 徐倍琪, 郭曉燕, 等. 加味川芎平喘合劑治療慢性阻塞性肺疾病穩定期合并肺動脈高壓的臨床療效觀察. 中華中醫藥雜志, 2019, 34(7): 3338-3340.
- 82. 唐婷玉, 俞李羚, 陸曉玲, 等. 活血化瘀治療對慢性阻塞性肺疾病伴高凝狀態患者血管內皮功能的影響. 中華中醫藥學刊, 2015, 33(9): 2192-2194.
- 83. 王彬, 吳蔚, 汪偉, 等. 補肺化痰活血中藥治療慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并肺動脈高壓臨床觀察. 中國中醫藥信息雜志, 2012, 19(7): 72-73.
- 84. 葉健鏗, 蒙曉, 吳耀洲, 等. AECOPD患者住院直接經濟負擔影響因素分析及相關建議. 中國藥房, 2022, 33(12): 1474-1478.
- 85. 李春盈, 楊振宇, 馮超. 中西醫結合治療慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期臨床觀察. 四川中醫, 2022, 40(6): 82-84.
- 86. 余學慶, 李建生, 李素云, 等. 兩種慢性阻塞性肺疾病治療方案的成本-效果分析. 遼寧中醫雜志, 2006, 33(3): 294-295.

