Person imagery in drawing tests in screening for mental disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis_Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine

Authors：

GUO Huibing ^1,2 , FENG Bin ^1,3 , LIU Tiantian ⁴ , FAN Huiyong ⁵ , DONG Zaiquan ⁶ , GONG Qiyong ^1,7 ,  CHEN Taolin ^1,8

1. Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Institution of Radiology and Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China;
2. Department of Student Affairs Management, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China;
3. West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China;
4. Teacher education college, Dali University, Dali 671003, P. R. China;
5. Institute of Education, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, P. R. China;
6. Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China;
7. Department of Radiology, West China Xiamen Hospital of Sichuan University, Xiamen 361000, P. R. China;
8. College of Medical Technology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China;

Corresponding?author：

CHEN Taolin, Email: tlchen@scu.edu.cn

Keywords：

Drawing test; House-tree-person test; Person imagery; Mental disorders; Meta-analysis

DOI：

10.7507/1672-2531.202406069

Video：

Export PDF Favorites Scan Get Citation

Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Objective To integrate person imagery from drawing tests in screening for mental disorders through meta-analysis to identify indicators that can effectively predict mental disorders. Methods A computerized search of CNKI, WanFang Data, VIP, PubMed, Web of Science, and EBSCO databases was conducted to collect studies related to mental disorders and drawing tests, with a search timeframe of the period from the creation of the database to May 8, 2023. Meta-analysis was performed using CMA 3.0 after two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted information, and assessed the risk of bias. Results A total of 43 studies were included, with 791 independent effect sizes and 8 444 subjects. Meta-analysis revealed that a total of 29 person imagery traits significantly predicted mental disorders, which could be categorized into 7 types according to the features: absent, bizarre, blackened, simplified, static, detailed, and holistic. The subgroup analysis revealed that the specific indicators of affective disorders included "excessive separation among items", "oversimplified person", "rigid and static person" and "hands behind the back". The specific indicators of thought disorders were "absence of limbs", "absence of facial features" and "disproportionate body proportions". Moreover, there were seven common indicators of mental disorders, including "oversimplified drawing", "very small drawing", "very small person", "weak or intermittent lines", "single line limb", "absence of hands or feet" and "no expression or dullness''. Conclusion The findings could provide a reference standard for selection and interpretation of drawing indicators, promote standardization of the drawing test, and enhance the accuracy of results in screening for mental disorders.

Citation： GUO Huibing, FENG Bin, LIU Tiantian, FAN Huiyong, DONG Zaiquan, GONG Qiyong, CHEN Taolin. Person imagery in drawing tests in screening for mental disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine, 2024, 24(12): 1419-1427. doi: 10.7507/1672-2531.202406069 Copy

1.	World Health Organization. Mental disorders fact sheets. 2019.
2.	Wetzel E, Greiff S. The world beyond rating scales why we should think more carefully about the response format in questionnaires. Eur J Psychol Assess, 2018, 34(1): 1-5.
3.	Sorge A, Saita E. Assessment of suicide and self-harm risk in foreign offenders. Evaluating the use of tree-drawing test. Med J Clin Psychol, 2001, 9(3): 135.
4.	Buck JN. The H-T-P technique a qualitative and quantitative scoring manual. J Clin Psychol, 1948, 4(1): 37.
5.	Machover K. Personality projection in the drawing of the human figure a method of personality investigation. Springfield: Charles C Thomas, 1949.
6.	Verinis JS, Lichtenberg EF, Henrich L. The draw-a-person in the rain technique its relationship to diagnostic category and other personality indicators. J Clin Psycho, 1974, 30(3): 407-414.
7.	張燕. 房樹人投射測驗在新生心理普查中的應用價值. 思想理論教育, 2010, (5): 70-73.
8.	Deng X, Mu T, Wang Y, et al. The application of human figure drawing as a supplementary tool for depression screening. Front Psychol, 2022, 13: 865206.
9.	Choi J, Lee K. A study on postpartum depression and reaction characteristics on the person in the rain drawing. Korean J Art Ther, 2012, (19): 113-130.
10.	Akinci E, Wieser MO, Vanscheidt S, et al. Impairments of social interaction in depressive disorder. Psychiatry Investig, 2022, 19(3): 178-189.
11.	朱夢鵑, 陳濤, 裴歡昌, 等. 自戀型人格障礙傾向青少年繪畫特征評估. 中國健康心理學雜志, 2020, 28(5): 676-680.
12.	Basu J. Psychologists’ ambivalence toward ambiguity relocating the projective test debate for multiple interpretative hypotheses. SIS J Proj Psychol Ment Health, 2014, 21(1): 25-36.
13.	陳歌, 嚴萬森. 羅夏墨跡測驗在臨床心理診斷中的效用. 中國健康心理學雜志, 2022, 30(3): 475-480.
14.	陳侃, 徐光興. 抑郁傾向的繪畫診斷研究. 心理科學, 2008, 3: 722-724.
15.	寧式穎, 鄭璐, 李響, 等. 房樹人測驗用于評估青少年抑郁的應用研究. 中國臨床研究, 2015, 28(3): 305-307.
16.	Kato D, Suzuki M. Developing a scale to measure total impression of synthetic house-tree-person drawings. Soc Behav Pers Int J, 2016, 44(1): 19-28.
17.	李金德, 傅寒昀. 抑郁癥的房樹人繪畫特征研究. 中國心理學前沿, 2021, 3(6): 656-663.
18.	Higgins JP, Thompson SG, Deeks JJ, et al. Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. BMJ, 2003, 327(7414): 557-560.
19.	Eisel HE. A comparative study of the house-tree-person drawings of schizoid personalities and individuals with below-average intelligence in a prison setting (unpublished doctorial dissertation). The Ohio State University, 1978.
20.	Fukunishi I, Sugawara Y, Takayama T, et al. Association between pretransplant psychological assessments and posttransplant psychiatric disorders in living-related transplantation. Psychosomatics, 2002, 43(1): 49-54.
21.	Guez J, Lev-Wiesel R, Valetsky S, et al. Self-figure drawings in women with anorexia, bulimia, overweight, and normal weight a possible tool for assessment. Arts Psychother, 2010, 37: 400-406.
22.	Guo Q, Yu G, Wang J, et al. Characteristics of house-tree-person drawing test in junior high school students with depressive symptoms. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatr, 2023, 28(4): 1623-1634.
23.	Kim J, Chung S. Drawing test form for depression the development of drawing tests for predicting depression among breast cancer patients. Psychiatry Investig, 2021, 18(9): 879-888.
24.	Kim YJ, Yoo KM. A study on the response characteristics of DAPR draw a person in the rain drawing assessment according to the level of depression in college students. Korean Art Ther Assoc, 2019, 26(5): 951-966.
25.	Kirchner JH, Marzolf SS. Personality of alcoholics as measured by sixteen personality factor questionnaire and house-tree-person color-choice characteristics. Psychol Rep, 1974, 35(1): 627-642.
26.	Koide R, Fujihara K. A study on HTP organic signs. Jpn J Psychol, 1992, 63(4): 277-280.
27.	Kwark YH, Lee KM. A comparative study on reactional characteristics of S-HTP between normal and schizophrenia patients. Korean J Art Ther, 2010, 17(2): 297-318.
28.	Lee A, Hobson RP. Drawing self and others how do children with autism differ from those with learning difficulties. Br J Dev Psychol, 2006, 24: 547-565.
29.	Lee EJ. Correlations among depressive symptoms, personality, and synthetic house-tree-person drawings in South Korean adults. Psychologia, 2019, 61(4): 211-220.
30.	Lee EJ. Factors associated with nicotine addiction and coping skills in the synthetic house-tree-person drawing test. J Korean Acad Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs, 2020, 29(2): 185-193.
31.	Saneei A, Bahrami H, Haghegh SA. Self-esteem and anxiety in human figure drawing of Iranian children with ADHD. Arts Psychother, 2011, 38(4): 256-260.
32.	Seol JM, Lee HS. The efficiency of human figure drawing HFD test for differentiating mild dementia from geriatric depression. Korean J Psychol Gen, 2010, 29(4): 767-789.
33.	Sheng L, Yang G, Pan Q, et al. Synthetic house-tree-person drawing test a new method for screening anxiety in cancer patients. J Oncol, 2019, 5062394.
34.	Yang G, Zhao L, Sheng L. Association of synthetic house-tree-person drawing test and depression in cancer patients. Biomed Res Int, 2019, 2019: 1478634.
35.	Yoo KM. Research on DAP SPED draw a person test on screening procedure for emotional disturbance response characteristics of ADHD children and normal children. J Korean Assoc Dev Disabil, 2013, 17(4): 189-210.
36.	Zhou AB, Xie P, Pan CC, et al. Performance of patients with different schizophrenia subtypes on the synthetic house-tree-person test. Soc Behav Pers Int J, 2019, 47(11): 1-8.
37.	陳琳瑩. 繪畫心理治療對精神分裂癥患者康復作用的研究. 廣州: 廣州中醫藥大學, 2015.
38.	陳濤, 裴歡昌, 王鵬, 等. 青少年依賴型人格障礙傾向的繪畫評估診斷. 中國特殊教育, 2015, (2): 59-64.
39.	陳濤, 項錦晶, 裴歡昌, 等. 反社會型人格偏離青少年在雨中人繪畫中的壓力應對特征. 中國心理衛生雜志, 2016, (3): 185-190.
40.	鄧翠蕓. 精神分裂癥HTP測驗與BPRS的相關性研究. 廣州: 廣州中醫藥大學, 2014.
41.	鄧葉, 周彩萍, 王葉飛. 繪畫特征與抑郁傾向的相關探討. 才智, 2017, (31): 197.
42.	高夢丹. 繪畫投射測驗在大學生抑郁評估中的應用研究. 南京: 南京中醫藥大學, 2019.
43.	黃賽君, 靜進. 注意缺陷多動障礙學齡期兒童繪人測驗特征分析. 中國兒童保健雜志, 2010, (4): 278-281.
44.	黃曉潔, 包呼格吉樂圖. 自閉癥兒童與正常兒童房樹人圖畫對比研究. 語文學刊, 2016, (5): 160-162.
45.	李賀斌, 苑杰, 牛俊紅, 等. 女性抑郁癥患者在房樹人測驗中構圖特點對照研究. 中國婦幼健康研究, 2016, (S2): 24-25.
46.	李曉敏. 房樹人測驗對評估初中生焦慮情緒的作用研究. 武漢: 江漢大學, 2020.
47.	李雪, 曹白丹, 楊文, 等. 高功能孤獨癥兒童的統合型房樹人繪畫測驗特征. 中國心理衛生雜志, 2014, (4): 260-266.
48.	王求是, 項錦晶, 劉建新. 對自殺未遂者的兒時創傷和自我概念的訪談分析. 中國心理衛生雜志, 2007, (6): 407-410.
49.	王曉怡. 房樹人測驗在初中新生心理普查中的應用. 大眾心理學, 2017, (1): 24-25.
50.	項錦晶, 廖孟莎, 裴歡昌. 房樹人繪畫測驗對小學生注意缺陷多動傾向的評估. 少年兒童研究, 2020, (2): 33-37, 73.
51.	項錦晶, 廖孟莎, 朱夢鵑. 低年級小學生抑郁傾向的房樹人繪畫評估. 中國健康心理學雜志, 2020, 28(7): 1057-1061.
52.	謝麗亞, 葉秀紅. 精神分裂癥患者統合型"房樹人繪畫測驗"測試結果分析. 中國心理衛生雜志, 1994, 8(6): 250-252, 282.
53.	嚴虎, 于慧慧, 陳晉東. 房樹人測驗在中學生抑郁狀態調查中的應用. 中國臨床心理學雜志, 2014, 22(5): 842-844, 848.
54.	趙妍, 王秋蘊, 項錦晶, 等. 有軀體化癥狀的小學生的房樹人繪畫測驗特征. 中國心理衛生雜志, 2015, (2): 115-120.
55.	周慧強. 初中生反芻思維與房樹人繪畫特征的關系研究. 錦州: 渤海大學, 2021.
56.	朱繪霖, 項錦晶, 陳雯瑾, 等. 四川震區創傷后應激障礙青少年的房樹人繪畫特點. 教育導刊, 2011, (6): 39-42.
57.	Koto R, Krueger RF, Watson D, et al. The hierarchical taxonomy of psychopathology (HiTOP) a dimensional alternative to traditional nosologies. J Abnorm Psychol, 2017, 126(4): 454-477.
58.	De Vaus J, Hornsey MJ, Kuppens P, et al. Exploring the east-west divide in prevalence of affective disorder a case for cultural differences in coping with negative emotion. Pers Soc Psychol Rev, 2018, 22(3): 285-304.
59.	Khorshidi SZM, Mohammadipour M. Children’s drawing a way to discover their psychological disorders and problems. Int J Ment Health Addict, 2016, 14: 31-36.
60.	Guo H, Feng B, Ma Y, et al. Analysis of the screening and predicting characteristics of the house-tree-person drawing test for mental disorders a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Psychiatry, 2023, 13: 1041770.
61.	Aberastury A. Child psychoanalysis theory and technique (8th edition). Porto Alegre: Artmed, 2012.
62.	Johnson DL, Johnson CA. Comparison of four intelligence tests used with culturally disadvantaged children. Psychol Rep, 1971, 28(1): 209-210.
63.	Swensen CH. Empirical evaluations of human figure drawings 1957-1966. Psychol Bull, 1968, 70(1): 20-44.

1. World Health Organization. Mental disorders fact sheets. 2019.
2. Wetzel E, Greiff S. The world beyond rating scales why we should think more carefully about the response format in questionnaires. Eur J Psychol Assess, 2018, 34(1): 1-5.
3. Sorge A, Saita E. Assessment of suicide and self-harm risk in foreign offenders. Evaluating the use of tree-drawing test. Med J Clin Psychol, 2001, 9(3): 135.
4. Buck JN. The H-T-P technique a qualitative and quantitative scoring manual. J Clin Psychol, 1948, 4(1): 37.
5. Machover K. Personality projection in the drawing of the human figure a method of personality investigation. Springfield: Charles C Thomas, 1949.
6. Verinis JS, Lichtenberg EF, Henrich L. The draw-a-person in the rain technique its relationship to diagnostic category and other personality indicators. J Clin Psycho, 1974, 30(3): 407-414.
7. 張燕. 房樹人投射測驗在新生心理普查中的應用價值. 思想理論教育, 2010, (5): 70-73.
8. Deng X, Mu T, Wang Y, et al. The application of human figure drawing as a supplementary tool for depression screening. Front Psychol, 2022, 13: 865206.
9. Choi J, Lee K. A study on postpartum depression and reaction characteristics on the person in the rain drawing. Korean J Art Ther, 2012, (19): 113-130.
10. Akinci E, Wieser MO, Vanscheidt S, et al. Impairments of social interaction in depressive disorder. Psychiatry Investig, 2022, 19(3): 178-189.
11. 朱夢鵑, 陳濤, 裴歡昌, 等. 自戀型人格障礙傾向青少年繪畫特征評估. 中國健康心理學雜志, 2020, 28(5): 676-680.
12. Basu J. Psychologists’ ambivalence toward ambiguity relocating the projective test debate for multiple interpretative hypotheses. SIS J Proj Psychol Ment Health, 2014, 21(1): 25-36.
13. 陳歌, 嚴萬森. 羅夏墨跡測驗在臨床心理診斷中的效用. 中國健康心理學雜志, 2022, 30(3): 475-480.
14. 陳侃, 徐光興. 抑郁傾向的繪畫診斷研究. 心理科學, 2008, 3: 722-724.
15. 寧式穎, 鄭璐, 李響, 等. 房樹人測驗用于評估青少年抑郁的應用研究. 中國臨床研究, 2015, 28(3): 305-307.
16. Kato D, Suzuki M. Developing a scale to measure total impression of synthetic house-tree-person drawings. Soc Behav Pers Int J, 2016, 44(1): 19-28.
17. 李金德, 傅寒昀. 抑郁癥的房樹人繪畫特征研究. 中國心理學前沿, 2021, 3(6): 656-663.
18. Higgins JP, Thompson SG, Deeks JJ, et al. Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. BMJ, 2003, 327(7414): 557-560.
19. Eisel HE. A comparative study of the house-tree-person drawings of schizoid personalities and individuals with below-average intelligence in a prison setting (unpublished doctorial dissertation). The Ohio State University, 1978.
20. Fukunishi I, Sugawara Y, Takayama T, et al. Association between pretransplant psychological assessments and posttransplant psychiatric disorders in living-related transplantation. Psychosomatics, 2002, 43(1): 49-54.
21. Guez J, Lev-Wiesel R, Valetsky S, et al. Self-figure drawings in women with anorexia, bulimia, overweight, and normal weight a possible tool for assessment. Arts Psychother, 2010, 37: 400-406.
22. Guo Q, Yu G, Wang J, et al. Characteristics of house-tree-person drawing test in junior high school students with depressive symptoms. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatr, 2023, 28(4): 1623-1634.
23. Kim J, Chung S. Drawing test form for depression the development of drawing tests for predicting depression among breast cancer patients. Psychiatry Investig, 2021, 18(9): 879-888.
24. Kim YJ, Yoo KM. A study on the response characteristics of DAPR draw a person in the rain drawing assessment according to the level of depression in college students. Korean Art Ther Assoc, 2019, 26(5): 951-966.
25. Kirchner JH, Marzolf SS. Personality of alcoholics as measured by sixteen personality factor questionnaire and house-tree-person color-choice characteristics. Psychol Rep, 1974, 35(1): 627-642.
26. Koide R, Fujihara K. A study on HTP organic signs. Jpn J Psychol, 1992, 63(4): 277-280.
27. Kwark YH, Lee KM. A comparative study on reactional characteristics of S-HTP between normal and schizophrenia patients. Korean J Art Ther, 2010, 17(2): 297-318.
28. Lee A, Hobson RP. Drawing self and others how do children with autism differ from those with learning difficulties. Br J Dev Psychol, 2006, 24: 547-565.
29. Lee EJ. Correlations among depressive symptoms, personality, and synthetic house-tree-person drawings in South Korean adults. Psychologia, 2019, 61(4): 211-220.
30. Lee EJ. Factors associated with nicotine addiction and coping skills in the synthetic house-tree-person drawing test. J Korean Acad Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs, 2020, 29(2): 185-193.
31. Saneei A, Bahrami H, Haghegh SA. Self-esteem and anxiety in human figure drawing of Iranian children with ADHD. Arts Psychother, 2011, 38(4): 256-260.
32. Seol JM, Lee HS. The efficiency of human figure drawing HFD test for differentiating mild dementia from geriatric depression. Korean J Psychol Gen, 2010, 29(4): 767-789.
33. Sheng L, Yang G, Pan Q, et al. Synthetic house-tree-person drawing test a new method for screening anxiety in cancer patients. J Oncol, 2019, 5062394.
34. Yang G, Zhao L, Sheng L. Association of synthetic house-tree-person drawing test and depression in cancer patients. Biomed Res Int, 2019, 2019: 1478634.
35. Yoo KM. Research on DAP SPED draw a person test on screening procedure for emotional disturbance response characteristics of ADHD children and normal children. J Korean Assoc Dev Disabil, 2013, 17(4): 189-210.
36. Zhou AB, Xie P, Pan CC, et al. Performance of patients with different schizophrenia subtypes on the synthetic house-tree-person test. Soc Behav Pers Int J, 2019, 47(11): 1-8.
37. 陳琳瑩. 繪畫心理治療對精神分裂癥患者康復作用的研究. 廣州: 廣州中醫藥大學, 2015.
38. 陳濤, 裴歡昌, 王鵬, 等. 青少年依賴型人格障礙傾向的繪畫評估診斷. 中國特殊教育, 2015, (2): 59-64.
39. 陳濤, 項錦晶, 裴歡昌, 等. 反社會型人格偏離青少年在雨中人繪畫中的壓力應對特征. 中國心理衛生雜志, 2016, (3): 185-190.
40. 鄧翠蕓. 精神分裂癥HTP測驗與BPRS的相關性研究. 廣州: 廣州中醫藥大學, 2014.
41. 鄧葉, 周彩萍, 王葉飛. 繪畫特征與抑郁傾向的相關探討. 才智, 2017, (31): 197.
42. 高夢丹. 繪畫投射測驗在大學生抑郁評估中的應用研究. 南京: 南京中醫藥大學, 2019.
43. 黃賽君, 靜進. 注意缺陷多動障礙學齡期兒童繪人測驗特征分析. 中國兒童保健雜志, 2010, (4): 278-281.
44. 黃曉潔, 包呼格吉樂圖. 自閉癥兒童與正常兒童房樹人圖畫對比研究. 語文學刊, 2016, (5): 160-162.
45. 李賀斌, 苑杰, 牛俊紅, 等. 女性抑郁癥患者在房樹人測驗中構圖特點對照研究. 中國婦幼健康研究, 2016, (S2): 24-25.
46. 李曉敏. 房樹人測驗對評估初中生焦慮情緒的作用研究. 武漢: 江漢大學, 2020.
47. 李雪, 曹白丹, 楊文, 等. 高功能孤獨癥兒童的統合型房樹人繪畫測驗特征. 中國心理衛生雜志, 2014, (4): 260-266.
48. 王求是, 項錦晶, 劉建新. 對自殺未遂者的兒時創傷和自我概念的訪談分析. 中國心理衛生雜志, 2007, (6): 407-410.
49. 王曉怡. 房樹人測驗在初中新生心理普查中的應用. 大眾心理學, 2017, (1): 24-25.
50. 項錦晶, 廖孟莎, 裴歡昌. 房樹人繪畫測驗對小學生注意缺陷多動傾向的評估. 少年兒童研究, 2020, (2): 33-37, 73.
51. 項錦晶, 廖孟莎, 朱夢鵑. 低年級小學生抑郁傾向的房樹人繪畫評估. 中國健康心理學雜志, 2020, 28(7): 1057-1061.
52. 謝麗亞, 葉秀紅. 精神分裂癥患者統合型"房樹人繪畫測驗"測試結果分析. 中國心理衛生雜志, 1994, 8(6): 250-252, 282.
53. 嚴虎, 于慧慧, 陳晉東. 房樹人測驗在中學生抑郁狀態調查中的應用. 中國臨床心理學雜志, 2014, 22(5): 842-844, 848.
54. 趙妍, 王秋蘊, 項錦晶, 等. 有軀體化癥狀的小學生的房樹人繪畫測驗特征. 中國心理衛生雜志, 2015, (2): 115-120.
55. 周慧強. 初中生反芻思維與房樹人繪畫特征的關系研究. 錦州: 渤海大學, 2021.
56. 朱繪霖, 項錦晶, 陳雯瑾, 等. 四川震區創傷后應激障礙青少年的房樹人繪畫特點. 教育導刊, 2011, (6): 39-42.
57. Koto R, Krueger RF, Watson D, et al. The hierarchical taxonomy of psychopathology (HiTOP) a dimensional alternative to traditional nosologies. J Abnorm Psychol, 2017, 126(4): 454-477.
58. De Vaus J, Hornsey MJ, Kuppens P, et al. Exploring the east-west divide in prevalence of affective disorder a case for cultural differences in coping with negative emotion. Pers Soc Psychol Rev, 2018, 22(3): 285-304.
59. Khorshidi SZM, Mohammadipour M. Children’s drawing a way to discover their psychological disorders and problems. Int J Ment Health Addict, 2016, 14: 31-36.
60. Guo H, Feng B, Ma Y, et al. Analysis of the screening and predicting characteristics of the house-tree-person drawing test for mental disorders a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Psychiatry, 2023, 13: 1041770.
61. Aberastury A. Child psychoanalysis theory and technique (8th edition). Porto Alegre: Artmed, 2012.
62. Johnson DL, Johnson CA. Comparison of four intelligence tests used with culturally disadvantaged children. Psychol Rep, 1971, 28(1): 209-210.
63. Swensen CH. Empirical evaluations of human figure drawings 1957-1966. Psychol Bull, 1968, 70(1): 20-44.

Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine

Person imagery in drawing tests in screening for mental disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Previous Article

Next Article

Format

Content