Interpretation of the standardised reporting of burden of disease studies (STROBOD statement)_Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine

Authors：

ZHANG Qiang ¹ ,  ZHAO Wenxia ¹ , DING Yunhan ² , ZHANG Lihui ¹ , LIU Sutong ¹ , WANG Jingwen ¹ , CUI Jianjiao ¹ , KE Lixin ³ , ZHAO Xiaoxiao ⁴ , LI Jieyun ⁵ ,  LU Cuncun ⁶

1. The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, P. R. China;
2. Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University (Nanyuan District), Chengde 067000, P. R. China;
3. Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713GZ, Netherlands;
4. Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of TCM, Jinan 250014, P. R. China;
5. School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China;
6. Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, P. R. China;

Corresponding?author：

ZHAO Wenxia, Email: wenxia-zhao@163.com; LU Cuncun, Email: lu17metrics@163.com

Keywords：

Burden of disease; STROBOD; Reporting standard; Disability-adjusted life year

DOI：

10.7507/1672-2531.202412058

Video：

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Clarifying the burden of disease is of great significance for determining the focus of healthcare and optimizing the allocation of medical resources. However, differences in research methods and assumptions often affect the comparability of different research results, thus leading to difficulties in healthcare decision-making. Disability-adjusted life year (DALY) is the most commonly used indicator to measure the burden of disease, but the reporting quality of disease burden studies using the DALY metric is uneven. To standardize the reporting of such studies, international scholars developed and recently published the STROBOD statement in Population Health Metrics. Its checklist includes seven parts: title, abstract, introduction, methods, results, discussion, and open science, involving a total of 28 items. To assist domestic scholars in better understanding and applying this reporting standard, this article interprets each item with published examples, aiming to improve the overall quality of disease burden research and provide high-quality evidence for public health decision-making.

Citation： ZHANG Qiang, ZHAO Wenxia, DING Yunhan, ZHANG Lihui, LIU Sutong, WANG Jingwen, CUI Jianjiao, KE Lixin, ZHAO Xiaoxiao, LI Jieyun, LU Cuncun. Interpretation of the standardised reporting of burden of disease studies (STROBOD statement). Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine, 2025, 25(4): 467-474. doi: 10.7507/1672-2531.202412058 Copy

1.	李茜瑤, 周瑩, 黃輝, 等. 疾病負擔研究進展. 中國公共衛生, 2018, 34(5): 777-780.
2.	徐張燕, 張敏, 崔亞萍, 等. 疾病負擔研究的發展與應用. 中國腫瘤, 2013, 22(8): 638-643.
3.	曾婷, 賈鐵武. 全球疾病負擔研究方法學進展及其對寄生蟲病疾病負擔的影響. 中國血吸蟲病防治雜志, 2023, 35(3): 299-306.
4.	GBD 2021 Diseases and Injuries Collaborators. Global incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 371 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet, 2024, 403(10440): 2133-2161.
5.	Murray CJL. The Global Burden of Disease Study at 30 years. Nat Med, 2022, 28(10): 2019-2026.
6.	趙曉曉, 柯立鑫, 荀楊芹, 等. 1990-2021年全球與中國老年2型糖尿病的疾病負擔調查與未來趨勢預測. 中國全科醫學, 2025.
7.	Chudasama YV, Khunti K, Gillies CL, et al. Estimates of years of life lost depended on the method used: tutorial and comparative investigation. J Clin Epidemiol, 2022, 150: 42-50.
8.	Devleesschauwer B, Charalampous P, Gorasso V, et al. Standardised reporting of burden of disease studies: the STROBOD statement. Popul Health Metr, 2024, 22(1): 28.
9.	Charalampous P, Haagsma JA, Jakobsen LS, et al. Burden of infectious disease studies in Europe and the United Kingdom: a review of methodological design choices. Epidemiol Infect, 2023, 151: e19.
10.	Stevens GA, Alkema L, Black RE, et al. Guidelines for accurate and transparent health estimates reporting: the GATHER statement. Lancet, 2016, 388(10062): e19-e23.
11.	陶立元, 甘戈, 劉玨. 衛生經濟學評價報告標準2022解讀. 中華流行病學雜志, 2023, 44(4): 667-672.
12.	盧存存, 張強, 雷超, 等. 使用隊列和常規收集數據開展隨機對照試驗的報告清單(CONSORT-ROUTINE2021)解讀. 中國循證醫學雜志, 2022, 22(6): 731-738.
13.	Sun P, Yu C, Yin L, et al. Global, regional, and national burden of female cancers in women of child-bearing age, 1990-2021: analysis of data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. EClinicalMedicine, 2024, 74: 102713.
14.	GBD 2017 Cirrhosis Collaborators. The global, regional, and national burden of cirrhosis by cause in 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2020, 5(3): 245-266.
15.	楊宗明, 許健豪, 朱章航, 等. 中國人群早發性癌癥的疾病負擔分析及預測. 科學通報, 2025.
16.	Pires SM, Wyper GMA, Wengler A, et al. Burden of disease of COVID-19: strengthening the collaboration for national studies. Front Public Health, 2022, 10: 907012.
17.	Pires SM, Redondo HG, Espenhain L, et al. Disability adjusted life years associated with COVID-19 in Denmark in the first year of the pandemic. BMC Public Health, 2022, 22(1): 1315.
18.	Haagsma JA, Maertens de Noordhout C, Polinder S, et al. Assessing disability weights based on the responses of 30, 660 people from four European countries. Popul Health Metr, 2015, 13: 10.
19.	Lin X, Bloom MS, Du Z, et al. Trends in disability-adjusted life years of lung cancer among women from 2004 to 2030 in Guangzhou, China: a population-based study. Cancer Epidemiol, 2019, 63: 101586.
20.	Plass D, Mangen MJ, Kraemer A, et al. The disease burden of hepatitis B, influenza, measles and salmonellosis in Germany: first results of the burden of communicable diseases in Europe study. Epidemiol Infect, 2014, 142(10): 2024-2035.
21.	Han S, Li S, Yang Y, et al. Mapping multimorbidity progression among 190 diseases. Commun Med (Lond), 2024, 4(1): 139.
22.	Gaunt ER, Harvala H, McIntyre C, et al. Disease burden of the most commonly detected respiratory viruses in hospitalized patients calculated using the disability adjusted life year (DALY) model. J Clin Virol, 2011, 52(3): 215-221.
23.	Ditsuwan V, Veerman LJ, Barendregt JJ, et al. The national burden of road traffic injuries in Thailand. Popul Health Metr, 2011, 9(1): 2.
24.	Haneef R, Fayad M, Fouillet A, et al. Direct impact of COVID-19 by estimating disability-adjusted life years at national level in France in 2020. PLoS One, 2023, 18(1): e0280990.
25.	Zhou XD, Chen QF, Yang W, et al. Erratum: Burden of disease attributable to high body mass index: an analysis of data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. EClinicalMedicine, 2024, 78: 102958.
26.	Akl EA, Hakoum M, Khamis A, et al. A framework is proposed for defining, categorizing, and assessing conflicts of interest in health research. J Clin Epidemiol, 2022, 149: 236-243.
27.	盧存存, 喬萌, 王子怡, 等. 康萊特注射液治療非小細胞肺癌與肝癌論文的關鍵特征與安全性信息報告: 基于CONSORT-Harms的橫斷面調查. 中草藥, 2023, 54(20): 6791-6797.
28.	沈力, 于祥田, 胡承. 臨床研究論文撰寫及報告規范的介紹. 中華糖尿病雜志, 2022, 14(2): 208-212.
29.	邢唯杰, 朱政, 周英鳳, 等. 提高護理論文的報告質量—原始研究論文的報告規范. 護士進修雜志, 2020, 35(3): 258-261.
30.	李子悅, 方珈文, 林凱程. 1990-2019年中國歸因于高體質指數的2型糖尿病疾病負擔分析與預測研究. 中國全科醫學, 2024, 27(9): 1126-1133,1148.
31.	汪哲, 李娜, 包云麗, 等. 1990-2019年中國歸因于吸煙的消化系統疾病負擔分析與模型預測. 中國循證醫學雜志, 2023, 23(11): 1247-1252.
32.	王子怡, 盧存存, 黃家藝, 等. 中文期刊發表的預測模型系統評價文獻調查與評價: 方法學質量和報告質量. 協和醫學雜志, 2024, 15(4): 927-935.

1. 李茜瑤, 周瑩, 黃輝, 等. 疾病負擔研究進展. 中國公共衛生, 2018, 34(5): 777-780.
2. 徐張燕, 張敏, 崔亞萍, 等. 疾病負擔研究的發展與應用. 中國腫瘤, 2013, 22(8): 638-643.
3. 曾婷, 賈鐵武. 全球疾病負擔研究方法學進展及其對寄生蟲病疾病負擔的影響. 中國血吸蟲病防治雜志, 2023, 35(3): 299-306.
4. GBD 2021 Diseases and Injuries Collaborators. Global incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 371 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet, 2024, 403(10440): 2133-2161.
5. Murray CJL. The Global Burden of Disease Study at 30 years. Nat Med, 2022, 28(10): 2019-2026.
6. 趙曉曉, 柯立鑫, 荀楊芹, 等. 1990-2021年全球與中國老年2型糖尿病的疾病負擔調查與未來趨勢預測. 中國全科醫學, 2025.
7. Chudasama YV, Khunti K, Gillies CL, et al. Estimates of years of life lost depended on the method used: tutorial and comparative investigation. J Clin Epidemiol, 2022, 150: 42-50.
8. Devleesschauwer B, Charalampous P, Gorasso V, et al. Standardised reporting of burden of disease studies: the STROBOD statement. Popul Health Metr, 2024, 22(1): 28.
9. Charalampous P, Haagsma JA, Jakobsen LS, et al. Burden of infectious disease studies in Europe and the United Kingdom: a review of methodological design choices. Epidemiol Infect, 2023, 151: e19.
10. Stevens GA, Alkema L, Black RE, et al. Guidelines for accurate and transparent health estimates reporting: the GATHER statement. Lancet, 2016, 388(10062): e19-e23.
11. 陶立元, 甘戈, 劉玨. 衛生經濟學評價報告標準2022解讀. 中華流行病學雜志, 2023, 44(4): 667-672.
12. 盧存存, 張強, 雷超, 等. 使用隊列和常規收集數據開展隨機對照試驗的報告清單(CONSORT-ROUTINE2021)解讀. 中國循證醫學雜志, 2022, 22(6): 731-738.
13. Sun P, Yu C, Yin L, et al. Global, regional, and national burden of female cancers in women of child-bearing age, 1990-2021: analysis of data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. EClinicalMedicine, 2024, 74: 102713.
14. GBD 2017 Cirrhosis Collaborators. The global, regional, and national burden of cirrhosis by cause in 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2020, 5(3): 245-266.
15. 楊宗明, 許健豪, 朱章航, 等. 中國人群早發性癌癥的疾病負擔分析及預測. 科學通報, 2025.
16. Pires SM, Wyper GMA, Wengler A, et al. Burden of disease of COVID-19: strengthening the collaboration for national studies. Front Public Health, 2022, 10: 907012.
17. Pires SM, Redondo HG, Espenhain L, et al. Disability adjusted life years associated with COVID-19 in Denmark in the first year of the pandemic. BMC Public Health, 2022, 22(1): 1315.
18. Haagsma JA, Maertens de Noordhout C, Polinder S, et al. Assessing disability weights based on the responses of 30, 660 people from four European countries. Popul Health Metr, 2015, 13: 10.
19. Lin X, Bloom MS, Du Z, et al. Trends in disability-adjusted life years of lung cancer among women from 2004 to 2030 in Guangzhou, China: a population-based study. Cancer Epidemiol, 2019, 63: 101586.
20. Plass D, Mangen MJ, Kraemer A, et al. The disease burden of hepatitis B, influenza, measles and salmonellosis in Germany: first results of the burden of communicable diseases in Europe study. Epidemiol Infect, 2014, 142(10): 2024-2035.
21. Han S, Li S, Yang Y, et al. Mapping multimorbidity progression among 190 diseases. Commun Med (Lond), 2024, 4(1): 139.
22. Gaunt ER, Harvala H, McIntyre C, et al. Disease burden of the most commonly detected respiratory viruses in hospitalized patients calculated using the disability adjusted life year (DALY) model. J Clin Virol, 2011, 52(3): 215-221.
23. Ditsuwan V, Veerman LJ, Barendregt JJ, et al. The national burden of road traffic injuries in Thailand. Popul Health Metr, 2011, 9(1): 2.
24. Haneef R, Fayad M, Fouillet A, et al. Direct impact of COVID-19 by estimating disability-adjusted life years at national level in France in 2020. PLoS One, 2023, 18(1): e0280990.
25. Zhou XD, Chen QF, Yang W, et al. Erratum: Burden of disease attributable to high body mass index: an analysis of data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. EClinicalMedicine, 2024, 78: 102958.
26. Akl EA, Hakoum M, Khamis A, et al. A framework is proposed for defining, categorizing, and assessing conflicts of interest in health research. J Clin Epidemiol, 2022, 149: 236-243.
27. 盧存存, 喬萌, 王子怡, 等. 康萊特注射液治療非小細胞肺癌與肝癌論文的關鍵特征與安全性信息報告: 基于CONSORT-Harms的橫斷面調查. 中草藥, 2023, 54(20): 6791-6797.
28. 沈力, 于祥田, 胡承. 臨床研究論文撰寫及報告規范的介紹. 中華糖尿病雜志, 2022, 14(2): 208-212.
29. 邢唯杰, 朱政, 周英鳳, 等. 提高護理論文的報告質量—原始研究論文的報告規范. 護士進修雜志, 2020, 35(3): 258-261.
30. 李子悅, 方珈文, 林凱程. 1990-2019年中國歸因于高體質指數的2型糖尿病疾病負擔分析與預測研究. 中國全科醫學, 2024, 27(9): 1126-1133,1148.
31. 汪哲, 李娜, 包云麗, 等. 1990-2019年中國歸因于吸煙的消化系統疾病負擔分析與模型預測. 中國循證醫學雜志, 2023, 23(11): 1247-1252.
32. 王子怡, 盧存存, 黃家藝, 等. 中文期刊發表的預測模型系統評價文獻調查與評價: 方法學質量和報告質量. 協和醫學雜志, 2024, 15(4): 927-935.

Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine

Interpretation of the standardised reporting of burden of disease studies (STROBOD statement)

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