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腋下小切口經胸膜外結扎動脈導管治療動脈導管未閉20例

動脈導管未閉合并重度肺動脈高壓患者的介入與外科治療

目的 探討動脈導管未閉(PDA)合并重度肺動脈高壓(PH)患者外科手術治療與介入封堵治療的適應證和治療效果。 方法 回顧分析1998年5月至2008年5月我科收治的30例PDA患者的臨床資料，其中男14例，女16例；年齡14～41歲，平均年齡25.8歲。18例行外科手術治療，12例行介入封堵治療。 結果 經外科手術和介入封堵治療患者術后即刻的肺動脈收縮壓(608±120 mm Hg vs. 100.2±14.2 mm Hg; 60.3±11.6 mm Hg vs. 108.4±17.6 mm Hg)和平均肺動脈壓(401±98 mm Hg vs. 76.1±11.3 mm Hg; 40.2±10.5 mm Hg vs. 79.5±13.6 mm Hg)均較術前明顯降低（Plt;0.05）。術后4例手術患者中有2例出現聲音嘶啞，2例殘余分流；介入封堵治療患者術后未出現明顯并發癥。隨訪29例，隨訪時間3個月~2年；1例失訪。隨訪期間患者無明顯胸悶、氣促等，超聲心動圖檢查大動脈水平未探及殘余分流，1例術前伴有心房顫動的患者在封堵術后2個月時猝死，死亡原因不明。28例患者術后90 d復查超聲心動圖提示：肺動脈收縮壓均較術前明顯降低（Plt;0.05），兩種治療方法的療效差異無統計學意義（Pgt;0.05）。 結論 介入封堵治療PDA合并重度PH的患者與外科手術治療相比較具有創傷小、風險小、并發癥少和恢復快等優點，尤其是介入封堵治療可行試驗性封堵，對鑒別動力性和阻力性PH具有不可替代的優越性。但一些特殊類型的PDA患者仍需外科手術治療。

不同雜交方式治療累及弓部的主動脈夾層

目的　探討不宜單獨行腔內隔絕治療、累及弓部的主動脈夾層雜交手術治療方法及其療效。　方法　回顧性分析2008年11月至2011年8月成都軍區總醫院15例累及弓部的主動脈夾層患者行雜交手術治療的臨床資料，其中男10例，女5例；年齡51～72 （58.2±7.2）歲。Stanford A型主動脈夾層4例，B型主動脈夾層11例，病變均累及主動脈弓。采用胸骨正中切口或加頸部切口行升主動脈至頭臂動脈旁路移植、單純頸部切口行頭臂動脈間旁路移植，然后行股動脈切口逆行主動脈腔內覆膜支架植入。術后即刻行數字減影血管造影（DSA），術后3個月、術后1年和2年分別隨訪CT造影資料，觀察支架和人工血管通暢情況。　結果　所有患者均成功完成手術，并植入覆膜支架。術中血管造影證實支架植入定位準確，支架無明顯內漏和移位。主動脈夾層真腔血流恢復正常，旁路血管血流通暢，圍術期無死亡和嚴重并發癥發生。隨訪15例，隨訪時間3～20 （12.0±4.1）個月，所有患者均生存，恢復正常生活。術后3個月及術后1年、2年復查主動脈增強CT示：支架無移位和內漏，支架內及人工血管旁路血流通暢，未見腦部和肢體缺血征象。　結論　累及弓部的主動脈夾層可根據受累部位和程度采用不同的雜交手術方法，安全、有效，能明顯減輕患者的創傷和痛苦，該方法擴大了介入覆膜支架腔內治療的適應證，但遠期療效有待進一步觀察。

Diaphragm Plication for the Treatment of Diaphragmatic Paralysis in Infants after Surgical Correction for Congenital Heart Diseases

ObjectiveTo evaluate clinical outcomes of diaphragm plication for the treatment of diaphragmatic paralysis (DP) in infants after surgical correction for congenital heart diseases. MethodsClinical data of 13 infants who had DP after surgical correction for congenital heart diseases from December 2009 to December 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 5 male and 8 female patients with their age of 35 days-11 months (6.6±3.2 months) and body weight of 3.5-9.6 (6.2±1.8) kg. Diaphragm plication was performed 19.08±4.29 days after open heart surgery. All the patients were not able to wean from mechanical ventilation,or were repeatedly reintubated because of severe respiratory failure after extubation. All the 13 patients received diaphragm plication for singleor double-sided DP. ResultsTwo patients had ventilator associated pneumonia (15.4%) including 1 patient with positive sputum cultures for Acinetobacter baumannii but negative blood culture. Another patient who had double-sided DP after surgical correction for tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary atresia underwent double-sided diaphragm plication and later died of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome,whose sputum and blood cultures were both positive for Pseudomonas aeruginosa on the 11th day after double-sided diaphragm plication. Chest X-ray of all the patients showed plicated diaphragm in normal position after diaphragm plication. The average time from diaphragm plication to extubation was 5.38±3.09 days. After diaphragm plication,arterial partial pressures of oxygen (PaO2) significantly increased (90.22±8.47 mm Hg vs. 80.69±6.72 mm Hg,P<0.05) and arterial partial pressures of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) significantly decreased (39.87±6.31 mm Hg vs. 56.38±7.19 mm Hg,P<0.05). Twelve patients were followed up for 24 months after discharge. During follow-up,1 patient who received double-sided diaphragm plication had 2 episodes of pneumonia within 6 months after discharge. Respiratory function of all the other patients was normal. All the patients were in NYHA class Ⅰ-Ⅱ. ConclusionDiaphragm plication is a safe,easy and effective treatment to increase survival rate and decrease the incidence of hospital-acquired infection for infants who have DP and are unable to wean from mechanical ventilation after surgical correction for congenital heart diseases.