Objective
To summarize the characteristics and management of pregnancy complicated with aortic dissection, and to explore the reasonable diagnosis and treatment plan.
Methods
The clinical data of 10 patients of pregnancy complicated with aortic dissection in Wuhan Tongji Hospital from January 2011 to June 2017 were collected. Their age was 25.2 (21-29) years.
Results
In the 10 patients, the majority (8 patients) were primipara, and most of them were in the late stages of pregnancy (5 patients) and puerperal (4 patients). Among them, 1 patient had gestational hypertension, and the blood pressure of the left and right upper extremities was significantly abnormal (initial blood pressure: left upper limb blood pressure: 90/60 mm Hg, right upper limb blood pressure: 150/90 mm Hg). The major clinical manifestations were severe chest and back pain which happened suddenly, with D-dimmer and C-creative protein increased which may be associated with inflammatory reaction. All patients were diagnosed by thoracoabdominal aortic CTA, including 5 patients of Stanford type A dissection and 5 patients of Stanford type B dissection. In the 10 patients, 1 patient refused surgery and eventually died of aortic rupture with the death of fetus before birth. And the remaining 9 patients underwent surgical treatment, 3 patients of endovascular graft exclusion for thoracic aortic stent graft, 2 patients underwent Bentall operation, 1 patient with Bentall + total aortic arch replacement + vascular thoracic aortic stent graft, 1 patient with Bentall operation combined with endovascular graft exclusion for thoracic aortic stent graft, 1 patient with Bentall + coronary artery bypass grafting, 1 patient of thoracoabdominal aortic vascular replacement. Among them, 1 patient underwent endovascular graft exclusion for thoracic aortic stent graft died of severe postoperative infection, and the remaining 8 patients were discharged from hospital. Nine patients were single birth, among them 5 newborn patients had severe asphyxia, 4 patients had mild asphyxia. Finally, 3 neonates died of severe complications, and the remaining 6 survived.
Conclusion
The ratio of pregnancy with Stanford type A aortic dissection is far higher than in the general population, the possibility of fetal intrauterine asphyxia is larger, but through active and effective surgical and perioperative treatment, we can effectively save the life of mother and fetus.
Objective
To review the research progress of the risk factors for slip progression and the pathogenesis of lumbosacral spondylolisthesis, and to discuss the value of Spinal Deformity Study Group (SDSG) classification system for lumbosacral spondylolisthesis.
Methods
Recent articles about the risk factors for slip progression and the pathogenesis of lumbosacral spondylolisthesis were reviewed and comprehensively analyzed with SDSG classification system of lumbosacral
spondylolisthesis.
Results
Pelvic incidence (PI) is the key pathogenic factor of lumbosacral spondylolisthesis. The Meyerding grade of slip, PI, sacro-pelvic balance, and spino-pelvic balance not only are the fundamental risk factors of slip progression, but also are the key factors to determine how to treat and influence the prognosis. Therefore, compared with Wiltse, Marchetti-Bartolozzi, and Mac-Thiong-Labelle classification systems of lumbosacral spondylolisthesis, SDSG classification based on these factors mentioned above, has better homogeneity between the subjects of subgroup, and better reliability, moreover, could better guide operative plan and judge the prognosis.
Conclusion
It is suggested that the SDSG classification system should be the standard classification for lumbosacral spondylolisthesis for the clinical and research work.
Objective To evaluate the characteristics, classification, treatment methods, and cl inical outcomes of the spoke heel injuries in children. Methods From June 2001 to June 2008, 289 children with bicycle or motorcycle spoke heel injuries were treated, including 179 males and 110 females aged 2-12 years old (average 3.9 years old). There were 179 cases of skin contusion and laceration (type I), 83 cases of skin and soft tissue defect with Achilles tendon exposure (type II), and 27 cases of wide skin and soft tissue defect with the Achilles tendon defect and rupture (type III). The defect size of the skin or the soft tissues ranged from 3 cm × 2 cm to 11 cm × 7 cm in type II and type III injury. The time between injury and hospital admission was 1-53 days (average 14.5 days). Child patients with type I injury were managed with dressing or suturing after debridement. For the child patients with type II injury, the wound was repaired with the regional fascia flap in 53 cases, the reverse sural neurocutaneous vascular flap in 19 cases, the reverse saphenous neurocutaneous vascular flap in 9 cases, and the lateral supramalleolar flap in 2 cases. For the child patients with type III injury, 6 cases underwent primary repair of the Achilles tendon followed by the transposition of the reverse sural neurocutaneous vascular flap, 3 cases received primary repair of the wound with the reverse sural neurocutaneous vascular flap and secondary reconstruction of the Achilles tendon with the upturned fascia strip or the ipsilateral il iotibial tract transplant, and 18 cases underwent primary repair of the wound and the Achilles tendon with the sl iding bi-pedicled gastrocnemius musculocutaneous flap. The flap size ranged from 4 cm × 2 cm to 30 cm × 12 cm. All the donor sites were closed bypartial suture and spl it-thickness skins graft. The lower l imbs were immobil ized with plaster spl ints after operation. Results All the flaps survived except for 1 case of type II suffering from distal flap venous crisis 3 days after operation and 6 cases of type III suffering from distal flap necrosis 3-5 days after operation. All those flaps survived after symptomatic treatment. All the skin grafts at the donor site survived uneventfully. All the wounds healed by first intention. All child patients were followed up for 15-820 days (average 42 days). Child patients with type I and type II injury had a full recovery of ankle functions. While 25 cases of type III injury had ankle dorsal extension degree loss (10-30°) and unilateral plantar flexion strength decrease 3 months after operationwithout influence on walking, and 2 cases recovered well. Conclusion Spoke heel injury in children has special mec hanisms of injury, and the choice of proper treatment method should be based on the types of injury.
ObjectiveTo explore the value of magnetic resonance diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) in preoperative Bismuth-Corlette classification of hilar cholangiocarcinoma (HCCA). MethodsA total of 53 HCCA patients confirmed by postoperative pathology were retrospectively included. The accuracy of two sequence combinations, namely dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) + magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) and DCE-MRI + MRCP + DWI, in evaluating the longitudinally involved bile duct segments and Bismuth-Corlette classification of HCCA was compared. Additionally, the correlation between apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values and tumor Bismuth-Corlette classification as well as degree of differentiation was analyzed. ResultsThere were 318 bile duct segments in 53 HCCA patients. The accuracy rate of DCE-MRI + MRCP was 93.7% (298/318), the sensitivity was 91.5% (161/176), and the specificity was 96.5% (137/142). The accuracy rate of DCE-MRI + MRCP + DWI was 96.5% (307/318), the sensitivity was 96.0% (169/176), and the specificity was 97.2% (138/142). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of DCE-MRI + MRCP + DWI was 0.966 [95%CI (0.940, 0.983), P＜0.001], and its diagnostic efficacy was superior to that of DCE-MRI + MRCP [AUC=0.940, 95%CI (0.908, 0.963), P＜0.001]. The DeLong test indicated a statistically significant difference in AUC between the two sequences (Z=2.633, P＜0.01). The accuracy rates of preoperative Bismuth-Corlette classification of HCCA evaluated by DCE-MRI + MRCP and DCE-MRI + MRCP + DWI were 86.8% (46/53) and 94.3% (50/53), respectively. After adding the DWI sequence, the consistency between Bismuth-Corlette classification results and surgical pathological classification results (Kappa=0.922, P<0.001) was higher than that of DCE-MRI + MRCP sequence (Kappa=0.820, P<0.001), with a statistically significant difference (χ2=160.370, P<0.001). In addition, the ADC value of HCCA was negatively correlated with tumordegree of differentiation (rs=–0.524, P<0.001), but had no significant correlation with its Bismuth-Corlette classification (rs=–0.058, P=0.682). ConclusionsDCE-MRI + MRCP + DWI sequence can effectively improve the accuracy in preoperative evaluation of the involvement of bile duct segments and Bismuth-Corlette classification of HCCA, which provides guidance for precise preoperative surgical planning in clinical practice. In addition, the ADC value can provide additional information required for non-invasive preoperative prediction of the prognosis of HCCA patients.
Objective To investigate the effectiveness of compression screw combined with Buttress plate through direct axillary approach for Ideberg typeⅡ scapular glenoid fractures. MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on 11 patients with Ideberg type Ⅱ scapular glenoid fractures treated with compression screws combined with Buttress plate fixation through the direct axillary approach between January 2014 and June 2022. There were 7 males and 4 females, aged from 34 to 75 years, with an average of 56.0 years. The causes of injury included 4 cases of falling from height injury, 4 cases of heavy object injury, and 3 cases of traffic accident injury. The time from injury to operation was 2-5 days, with an average of 3.8 days. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, hospital stay, complications, and fracture healing time were recorded. The Constant-Murley score, American Society of Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, and shoulder joint flexion, abduction, external rotation (neutral position), and internal rotation (neutral position) range of motion were used to evaluate shoulder joint pain and function. ResultsThe operation time was 45-105 minutes, with an average of 79.0 minutes; the intraoperative blood loss was 80-200 mL, with an average of 99.2 mL; the hospital stay was 3-8 days, with an average of 5.8 days. One patient had poor wound healing after operation, and the wound healed after strengthening dressing change; the rest wounds had primary healing, and no axillary nerve paralysis occurred. Except for 1 patient lost follow-up, the remaining 10 patients were followed up 10-54 months, with an average of 26.4 months. The postoperative X-ray film examination showed that the fractures healed well within 8-15 weeks, with an average of 11.0 weeks. There was no complication such as fracture displacement, internal fixator failure or fracture during follow-up. At last follow-up, the patient’s shoulder joint flexion, abduction, external rotation (neutral position), and internal rotation (neutral position) range of motion, Constant-Murley score, and ASES score significantly improved when compared with those before operation (P<0.05). ConclusionCompression screw combined with Buttress plate through direct axillary approach is an effective way to treat Ideberg typeⅡ scapular glenoid fracture, with advantages of small trauma, concealed incision, and good effectiveness.
Objective
To explore the effectiveness of maintaining the stability between the fourth and the fifth metacarple base during the treatment in the hamate-metacarpal joint injury.
Methods
Between September 2015 and June 2017, 13 cases of hamate-metacarpal joint injury were treated, including 12 males and 1 female, aged from 17 to 55 years (mean, 30.8 years). The injury causes included heavy boxing in 10 cases and falling in 3 cases. There were 2 cases of simple fourth metacarpal basal fracture, 1 basal fracture of the fourth metacarpal bone combined with intermetacarpal ligament fracture, 7 fractures of the fourth and fifth metacarpal base, 2 fourth metacarpal basal fractures combined with the fifth metacarpal basal fracture dislocation, and 1 base fracture of fourth and fifth metacarpal bone combined with hamate bone fracture. The time from injury to operation was 5-11 days (mean, 7.2 days). According to different damage degree and stability change between the fourth and the fifth metacarple base, a preliminary classification was made for different degrees of injury: 2 cases of type Ⅰ, 1 case of type Ⅱ, 7 cases of type Ⅲ, 2 cases of type Ⅳ, and 1 case of type Ⅴ. The patients were treated with corresponding internal fixation methods under the principle of stability recovery between the fourth and fifth metacarple base.
Results
All the incisions healed by first intention without infection or skin necrosis. All the 13 patients were followed up 6-18 months with an average of 9.4 months. All fractures healed clinically, and the healing time was 5.5-8.0 weeks with an average of 6.3 weeks. No complication such as plate breakage, fracture dislocation, fracture malunion, and bone nonunion occurred. Hand function was evaluated according to the total active motion (TAM) functional evaluation standard of hand surgery at 6 months after operation, and the results was excellent in 9 cases, good in 3 cases, and fair in 1 case, with an excellent and good rate of 92.3%.
Conclusion
Stability between the fourth and fifth metacarple base is of great significance to the classification and the treatment of the hamate-metacarpal joint injury.
Objective To explore the hepatic artery variations encountered in laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy (LPD) surgery and its significance. Methods The clinical datas of 26 patients who underwent LPD from January 2020 to January 2023 were retrospectively collected. Preoperative evaluation of hepatic artery variability and its types based on relevant clinical and imaging data, as well as targeted measures taken during surgery, and patients’ prognosis were analyzed. Results According to preoperative abdominal enhanced CT, arterial computer tomography angiography imaging and intraoperative skeletonization of the hepatoduodenal ligament, hepatic artery variation was found in 9 of 26 patients undergoing LPD. The left hepatic artery was substituted in 1 case, the right hepatic artery was substituted in 2 cases, 2 cases were the left accessory hepatic artery, and the common hepatic artery originated from the superior mesenteric artery in 3 cases. There was 1 case, right hepatic artery coming from the abdominal aorta, whose arterial variation was not included in the traditional typing. The variant hepatic artery from superior mesenteric artery was separated by posterior approach during operation, and the variant hepatic artery from left gastric artery was separated by anterior approach during operation. Nine patients with hepatic artery variation recovered well after operation, and no serious complications occurred. Conclusions Various hepatic artery variations during LPD need to be carefully evaluated before surgery. During surgery, it should be determined whether to retain the mutated blood vessel based on its diameter and changes in liver blood flow after occlusion, so that reasonable operation can be performed during the operation to avoid hepatic artery damage.
