Objective To investigate the value of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for diagnosing typeⅠ congenital choledochocele and its complications. Methods The MR imaging data of 13 cases with proved typeⅠ congenital choledochocele associated with complications were retrospectively reviewed and compared with operative findings. MR imaging sequences included axial T2W and T1W plain scan, true-FISP coronal images, 2D-MRCP, and Gd-enhanced T1W images. Results All patients had cystic dilatation of the common bile ducts to various degrees. In 6 patients complicated with stone and infection, the bile duct showed uniform wall thickening with marked enhancement, and calculus were depicted within the duct lumen with dilatation of the proximal biliary duct. In 7 cases complicated with carcinoma of biliary duct, a polypoid soft tissue mass or nodule was seen inside the ductal lumen in 3 cases, or the duct wall was irregularly thickened in 4 patients. Six cases received curative operation, but one patient with extensive local infiltration, vascular encasement and lymphadenopathy had only palliative treatment. MR imaging observations were verified by surgery findings in all 13 patients.Conclusion MR imaging is very valuable not only in diagnosing typeⅠ congenital choledochocele, but also in revealing its complications.
Objective To evaluate the sensitivity and accuracy of SPIO-enhanced MR Imaging in the detection of focal hepatic lesions. Methods We searched MEDLINE (1966 to 2004), EMBSAE (1984 to 2004), The Cochrane Library (Issue 1, 2004), CBMdisc (Jan.1978 to Jul. 2004), CMCC (1994 to 2004), “Radiology”, “AJR” and “European Radiology” database. Data from pharmaceutical companies and our research were also added. Related journals published from 1985 to 2003 were handsearched. Participants were clinically suspected of focal hepatic lesions. The quality of studies was assessed, and descriptive systematic review was applied to evaluate the detection sensitivity and accuracy of the imaging modality. Results Ten studies (418 patients with 1 037 focal hepatic lesions) were included. Because the data of sensitivity and specificity could not be extracted from any of the 10 included studies, it was impossible to do the meta-analysis using SROC curve. The sensitivity of SPIO-enhanced MRI ranged from 66% to 100%; accuracy ranged from 76% to 97%. Conclusions At present, there is no evidence to ascertain that SPIO-enhanced MRI has a considerably high accuracy in the detection of focal hepatic lesions. More studies with good methodology are needed.
Objective To explore the correlation between liver volume variation of posthepatitic cirrhosis patients and the severity of the disease. Methods One hundred and eleven patients with normal livers and 74 posthepatitic cirrhosis patients underwent volume CT scan. The relation between normal liver volume and body height, body weight and body surface area was studied by linear regression and correlation method, the standard liver volume equation was deduced. The change ratio of liver volume in cirrhotic patients was calculated and compared with Child classification. Results The mean normal liver volume of Chinese adults was （1 225.15±216.23） cm3, there was a positive correlation between liver volume and body height, body weight 〔liver volume (cm3)=12.712×body weight (kg)+450.44〕 and body surface area 〔liver volume (cm3)=876.02×body surface area (m2)-297.17〕. The mean liver volume of Child A, B and C patients were （1 077.77±347.01） cm3, (1 016.35±348.60) cm3 and (805.73±208.85) cm3 respectively. The liver volume and liver volume index was significantly smaller in Child C patients than those in Child A and B patients (P＜0.05); while liver volume change ratio was higher in Child C patients (P＜0.05). Conclusion Liver volume variation of cirrhotic patients can be quantitatively assessed by 16 slices helical CT volume measurement and standard liver volume equation. The change of the liver volume is correlated with the severity of liver cirrhosis.
This study aims to explore the inferior adhesion of the renal fascia (RF), and the inferior connectivity of the perirenal spaces (PS) with multidetector computed tomography (MDCT), and to investigate the diagnostic value of CT for showing this anatomy. From May to July 2012, eighty-two patients with acute pancreatitis presented in our hospital were enrolled into this study and underwent contrast-enhanced CT scans. All the image data were used to perform three dimensional reconstruction to show the inferior attachment of RF and the inferior connectivity of PS. The fusion of anterior renal fascia (ARF) and posterior renal fascia (PRF) next to the plane of iliac fossa were found on the left in 71.95% (59/82) cases, and on the right in 75.61% (62/82). In these cases, bilateral perirenal spaces, and anterior and posterior pararenal spaces were not found to be connected with each other. No fusion of ARF and PRF below the level of bilateral kidneys occurred on the left side in 28.05% (23/82) cases and on the right side in 24.39% (20/82). In these patients, the PS extended to the extraperitoneal space of the pelvic cavity and further to the inguinal region, and bilateral anterior and posterior pararenal spaces were not found to be connected with each other. Three-dimensional reconstruction on contrast-enhanced MDCT could be a valuable procedure for depicting inferior attachment of RF, and the inferior connectivity of PS.
Objective To investigate the CT imaging features of hepatic angiomyolipoma and its clinical characteristics. Methods The clinical, radiological, and pathological data of 3 hepatic angiomyolipoma (HAML) patients were retrospectively collected, and the imaging and diagnostic features were analyzed.Results All 3 cases were females, 2 complained of abdominal pain and one was absent of symptom. Both the laboratory examinations were normal in 2 cases, and hepatitis B virus markers were positive in one case. For CT features, the mass located in the superior anterior segment of the right hepatic lobe, in the posterior inferior segment of the right hepatic lobe, and in the left medial lobe, respectively. There were components of fat and soft tissue attenuation in these masses, and in which the CT value of the fat component was from -80 HU to -20 HU (mean -50 HU). There were enhancement in different degree and enhanced vascular imaging could be seen within the lesions. During surgery, all 3 masses were outgrowed from the hepatic lobes. Immunostainning showed HMB45 (+), αSMA (+), S100 (+)，which were bly suggestive of HAML.Conclusion HAML is a rare benign tumor with characteristic CT appearance, and its definite diagnosis relies on the immunohistochemical staining of HMB-45.
Objective To analyze the status of applying diagnostic test in imaging scientific study internationally and domestically, and to compare the application of the image diagnostic studies of our country with that of abroad. Method We hand-searched the diagnosis tests published in the "Chinese Journal of Radiology", the most influential in China, and in "Radiology’’, the most influential abroad, from 1998 to 1999 respectively. Then we evaluated each of the diagnosis tests according to the international standards. Results We searched 408 original articles in "Chinese Journal of Radiology" in which the diagnostic test articles were 12%, and 796 original articles in "Radiology" with the diagnostic test articles 23% from 1998 to 1999 respectively. In these diagnosis tests, by comparing the "Chinese journal of radiology" with the "Radiology", it was found that 19% applied blind comparison with Gold Standard, 28% calculated sensitivity, specificity and accuracy, 9% both calculated negative predictive value and positive predictive value and none calculated likelihood ratios in the former versus 64%, 57%, 33% and 26% and 3% respectivdy in the latter. Conclusions Compared with the international level, both the quality and the quantity of the diagnosis tests applied in the specialty of imaging scientific study in China are much lower and far from meeting the clinical requirement. Improving the methods of scientific study and carrying on more diagnosis tests with high qualities are of important significance in improving the diagnostic level of imaging.
【Abstract】Objective To investigate the features of gallbladder carcinoma in two-phase spiral CT, and to analysis the values of two-phase spiral CT for the differential diagnosis between gallbladder carcinoma and chronic cholecystitis. Methods The two-phase spiral CT manifestations of 30 cases of gallbladder carcinoma, proved by surgery and pathology, and 30 cases of chronic cholecystitis were analyzed. Results According to the CT findings, the gallbladder carcinoma was categorized into 3 types: intraluminal mass of gallbladder in 6 out of 30 (20.0%）， thickening of the gallbladder wall in 11 (33.7%), and mass replacing the normal gallbladder in 13(43.4%). The most common enhancement patterns of the wall in gallbladder carcinoma were hyperattenuation during the arterial phase, while isoattenuation with the adjacent hepatic parenchyma during the venous phase; or hyperattenuation during both phases. The most common enhancement pattern of the wall in chronic cholecystitis was isoattenuation during both phases, with clear hypoattenuation linear shadow in the gallbladder fossa. Other ancillary features of gallbladder carcinomas included: infiltration of the adjacent parenchyma, local lymphadenopathy and intrahepatic metastasis. Conclusion Two-phase spiral CT scan can identify the features of the gallbladder carcinoma and is helpful for the differential diagnosis of these two different disease entities.
