【Abstract】ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between the expression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) mRNA and breast cancer, lymph node metastasis. MethodsSixty patients with breast tumor were selected randomly and the expression of uPA mRNA was detected with RT-PCR. The patients were divided into benign group (18 cases) and malignant group (42 cases) which included 22 cases with lymph node metastasis and 20 cases without lymph node metastasis. The relationship between uPA mRNA expression and breast cancer, lymph node metastasis was analyzed. ResultsAmong these 18 benign tumors, low expression of uPA mRNA was found in 2 cases and the others were negative. While in 42 cases of malignant tumor, uPA mRNA were positive in 22 cases of lymph node metastasis, 16 of which were high expression, 5 of which were moderate expression, and 1 was low expression. uPA mRNA were positive in 18 of 20 cases of nonmetastatic lymph node, 1 of which was high expression, 5 of which were moderate expression and 12 of which were low expression, the other 2 were negative expression. The expression of uPA mRNA had significant difference between benign and malignant tumors (P＜0.05). The expression in lymph node metastasis was much higher than no lymph node metastasis (P＜0.05). ConclusionThe expression of uPA mRNA in malignant breast cancer is obviously higher than that in benign breast tumor. The expression tensity of uPA is highly relevant to lymph node metastasis in malignant breast cancer, which can provide evidence for clinical staging and therapy.
Objective To explore the effect of renal microcirculation following severity acute pancreatitis （SAP） on renal injury and to explore the protection effect of urokinase on them. Methods A total of 192 Wistar rats were randomized divided into normal control group， SAP group， and urokinase group， then rats of 3 groups were sub-divided into 2， 6， 12， and 24 hours group， each group enrolled 16 rats. Of the 16 rats in each subgroup， 8 rats underwent blood flow of renal test， other 8 rats were sacrificed to get blood samples and to perform histopathological examination. The rat models of SAP were established by retrograde injecting with 5% sodium taurocholate into the cholangiopancreatic duct. Radioactive biomicrosphere technique was used to measure the blood flow of renal， levels of plasma thromboxane B2（TXB2） and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α （6-Keto-PGF1α） were tested by the TXB2 kit and 6-Keto-PGF1α kit， and histopa-thological changes of renal tissues were observed by using HE staining. Results Compared with normal control group at the same time point， the blood flow of renal were lower （P＜0.05）， activity ratio of TXB2 to 6-Keto-PGF1α were higher（P＜0.01）， and the histopathological injury were worse （P＜0.01） in rats of SAP group and urokinase group. Compared with SAP group， the blood flow of renal at 2， 6， and 12 hours in urokinase group were higher （P＜0.01）， the activity ratios of TXB2 to 6-Keto-PGF1α were lower （P＜0.01）， and the histopathological injury were lighter （P＜0.05） in all the 4 time points of urokinase group. Conclusions The renal microcirculation dysfunction and increase of activity ratio of TXB2 to 6-Keto-PGF1α may play an important role in renal injury following SAP in early stage. Urokinase can protect the renal from such injuries.
ObjectiveTo investigate the therapeutic effects of thrombolysis infusion via microcatheter on the treatment of central retinal artery occlusion(CRAO). MethodsUrokinase (UK) was directly infused via ophthalmic artery (OA) by microcatheter (6 patients) or via intravenous (7 patients) to dissolve the thrombus. The patency of the artery was evaluated by fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), and the effect of fibrinolytic activity on the systemic changes was observed by blood biochemical examination simultaneously.
ResultsIn 6 patients in the microcatheter group, 5 had completely and 1 had partly reopened OA on the morrow of UK infusion with the patency rate of 83.33%, while in 7 patients in vein group, 3 completely reopened, 2 partly reopened and 2 obstructed OA were found with the patency rate of 42.86%. The difference between the two groups was significant. No obvious change of index of blood coagulation system was found in catheter group, which had great disparity compared with the vein group.ConclusionUrokinase infusion via microcatheter in CRAO has better therapeutic impact and smaller effect on systemic action. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2005,21:16-19)
Objective To evaluate the efficacy of intrapleural urokinase treatment for unloculated tuberculous pleural effusion. Methods Chinese Conference Data, Chinese Biomedical Database, VIP Database,Wanfang Database, Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Evidence-based Medical Evaluation Database were searched up to February 2012, and the studies as references of eligible articles were also searched. Randomized controlled trials were included for evaluating the efficacy of intrapleural urokinase treatment for unloculated tuberculous pleural effusion. Mean difference MD and 95% confidence interval ( 95% CI) were calculated for the efficacy of urokinase in the treatment. After the test for heterogeneity, forest map was used to analyze the efficacy of intrapleural urokinase treatment. The funnel plot was used to discuss the publication bias. Results Nine randomized controlled trials met all eligible criteria. This meta-analysis indicated that compared with the conventional treatment, the urokinase treatment increased total drainage( pumping liquid) ( P lt; 0. 000 01) , decreasd residual pleural thickening ( P lt; 0. 000 01) , improved lung function with significant increase in FEV1% pred ( P lt; 0. 000 01) . Conclusions Compared with the conventional treatment( anti-tubercular treatment in combination with pumping pleural effusion) , the treatment which injects urokinase to chest cavity can increase total pleural effusion, decrease residual pleural thickening, and improve the lung function.
Objective To investigate the expression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) mRNA in gastric cancer tissues and cancer-adjacent tissues and the relationship between its expression and biologic behavior of tumor. Methods Fourty-eight cases with gastric cancer were detected for the expression of uPA mRNA by fluorogenic probe quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR). Results The positive expression rate of uPA mRNA was 83.3%, 25.0%, 93.8% and 62.5% in gastric cancer tissues,cancer-adjacent tissues, gastric cancer tissues with lymph node metastasis and with non-lymph node metastasis respectively. Expression of uPA mRNA was positively related with the invasion depth of gastric cancer. Conclusion Expression of uPA mRNA is significantly increased in gastric cancer and it can be used as an indicator to judge the metastasis and prognosis of tumor.
Urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) is a membrane protein which is attached to the cellular external membrane. The uPAR expression can be observed both in tumor cells and in tumor-associated stromal cells. Thus, in the present study, the human amino-terminal fragment (hATF), as a targeting element to uPAR, is used to conjugate to the surface of superparamagnetic iron nanoparticle (SPIO). Flowcytometry was used to examine the uPAR expression in different tumor cell lines. The specificity of hATF-SPIO was verified by Prussian blue stain and cell phantom test. The imaging properties of hATF-SPIO were confirmed in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of uPAR-elevated colon tumor. Finally, the distribution of hATF-SPIO in tumor tissue was confirmed by pathological staining. Results showed that the three cells in which we screened, presented different expression characteristics, i.e., Hela cells strongly expressed uPAR, HT29 cells moderately expressed uPAR, but Lovo cells didn't express uPAR. In vitro, after incubating with Hela cells, hATF-SPIO could specifically combined to and be subsequently internalized by uPAR positive cells, which could be observed via Prussian blue staining. Meanwhile T2WI signal intensity of Hela cells, after incubation with targeted probe, significantly decreased, and otherwise no obvious changes in Lovo cells both by Prussian blue staining and MRI scans. In vivo, hATF-SPIO could be systematically delivered to HT29 xenograft and accumulated in the tumor tissue which was confirmed by Prussian Blue stain compared to Lovo xenografts. Twenty-four hours after injection of targeting probe, the signal intensity of HT29 xenografts was lower than Lovo ones which was statistically significant. This targeting nanoparticles enabled not only in vitro specifically combining to uPAR positive cells but also in vivo imaging of uPAR moderately elevated colon cancer lesions.
