ObjectiveTo evaluate visual field changes in early mild Parkinson's disease.
Methods A total of 66 eyes of 33 cases with early mild Parkinson's disease and 72 eyes of 36 age-matched normal individuals were enrolled into the study. Humphrey Field Analyzer II was applied for central visual field test. The visual field indices of mean deviation (MD) and pattern standard deviation (PSD) were analyzed to evaluate the location and the characteristics of visual field defect in this study.
ResultsVisual field indices MD (-3.4±2.5) dB was significantly changed in patients with PD when compared to the controls (-0.6±1.7) dB. PSD (4.3±2.6) was significantly higher in patients with PD than that in the control group (2.1±1.8) dB. Glaucoma hemifield test (GHT) assessment was within normal limits in the controls. Of the 33 patients (66 eyes) in PD, GHT showed outside normal limits in 31 eyes, borderline in 8 eyes, and within normal limits in 27 eyes. 31 eyes outside normal limits appeared glaucomatous visual field defects, in which 16 with nasal step and 5 with arcuate defect.
ConclusionsVisual field indices including MD and PSD in early mild patients with PD were significantly worse than that in the controls group. GHT abnormalities could be found in early mild PD patients with visual field defects, including pericentral scotoma and nasal step, which mimicked glaucomatous changes.
ObjectiveTo observe the changes of optic disc structure and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFL) in patients with different degrees of Parkinson's disease (PD).MethodsThirty eyes of 30 patients with primary PD and 20 eyes of 20 healthy subjects (control group) in Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University from October 2016 to October 2017 were enrolled in this study. The patients were divided into mild to moderate PD group (15 eyes of 15 patients) and severe PD group (15 eyes of 15 patients). All the patients underwent OCT examination. The optic disc area, cup area, C/D area ratio, rim volume, disc volume, cup volume, rim area, C/D area, linear C/D, vertical C/D, the thickness of average RNFL, superior, inferior, temporal upper (TU), superior temporal (ST), superior nasal (SN), nasal upper (NU), nasal lower (NL), inferior nasal (IN), inferior temporal (IT), temporal lower (TL) quadrant RNFL thickness. Analysis of variance was performed for comparison among three groups. Minimum significant difference t test was performed for comparison between two groups.ResultsOptic disc structure parameters: there was no significant difference in the area of optic disc between the three groups (F=1.226, P＞0.05). The other optic disc parameters were significantly different in the three groups (F=5.221, 5.586, 6.302, 5.926, 5.319, 5.404, 5.861, 6.603; P＜0.05). The cup area, cup volume, C/D area, linear C/D, vertical C/D of the mild to moderate PD group and severe PD group were higher than that of the control group (P＜0.05). The cup area, cup volume, C/D area, linear C/D, vertical C/D of the severe PD group were higher than those of mild to moderate PD group (P＜0.05), the rim area, rim volume and disc volume of the severe PD group were smaller than that of mild to moderate PD group (P＜0.05). The thickness of RNFL: there was no significant difference between the three groups of ST, SN, NU and NL (F=3.586, 2.852, 2.961, 2.404; P＞0.05). The average thickness of RNFL, TU, IN, IT and TL in patients of the mild to moderate PD group and severe PD group were less than that in the control group (P＜0.05). The thickness of the average RNFL, TU, IN, IT and TL in patients of the severe PD group were less than that in the mild to moderate PD group (P＜0.05). With the increase of PD severity, the RNFL of TL and TU thinned most significantly.ConclusionsWith the increase of the severity of PD, the optic disc structure and RNFL thickness changes obviously, showing reduced optic disc area and volume, enlarged cup area and volume significantly enlarged C/D ratio. The average RNFL thickness of PD patients is significantly thinner than that of the controls, and it is the most obvious in the TU and TL quadrant.
Age is the main cause of neurodegenerative changes in the central nervous system (CNS), and the loss of neurons would increase with the migration of the disease. The current treatment is also mainly used to relieve symptoms, while the function of CNS is very difficult to recover. The emergence of endogenous stem cells has brought new hope for the treatment of CNS diseases. However, this nerve regeneration is only in some specific areas, and the recovery of neural function remains unknown. More and more experts in the field of neuroscience have carried out various in vivo or in vitro experiments, in order to increase nerve regeneration and nerve function recovery through mechanism research, in the expectation that the results would be applied to the treatment of CNS diseases. This article reviews the recent progress of endogenous neural stem cells in degenerative diseases of CNS.
People with Parkinson’s disease (PD) exhibit multi-system damaged. Medication mainly targets impairments related to dopaminergic lesions. Moreover, in later stages of the disease, medication becomes less effective. Rehabilitation therapy is believed that it can improve multiple functional disorders, including myotonia, bradykinesia, and postural gait abnormalities. It not only reduces the severity of non-motor symptoms and improves the quality of life in PD patients, but also delays the development of PD and improves the activity of daily life of patients. This article summarizes the progress of rehabilitation assessment and the therapy of PD.
Objective
To systematically review the efficacy and safety of CoenzymeQ10 for Parkinson’s disease.
Methods
Databases including PubMed, The Cochrane Library (Issue 1, 2015), EMbase, CBM, CNKI, WanFang Data and VIP were searched from inception to August 2015, to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about CoenzymeQ10 for Parkinson’s disease. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies. Then meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software.
Results A total of 5 RCTs involving 981 patients were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that, a) As for recently effectiveness, CoenzymeQ10 2 400 mg group was superior to the placebo group in total UPDRS score change (MD=1.09, 95%CI 0.94 to 1.24, P < 0.000?01), UPDRS-I score change (MD=0.19, 95%CI 0.17 to 0.21, P < 0.000?01), UPDRS-II score change (MD=0.27, 95%CI 0.21 to 0.32, P < 0.000?01), UPDRS-III score change (MD=0.65, 95%CI 0.54 to 0.76, P < 0.000?01), Hoehn & Yahr score change (MD=0.05, 95%CI 0.04 to 0.06, P < 0.000?01), and Schwab England score change (MD= –0.87, 95%CI –1.02 to –0.72, P < 0.000?01). b) As for long-term effectiveness, there were no differences between two groups, except that the UPDRS-II score change of CoenzymeQ10 1 200 mg group was superior to the placebo group. c) As for adverse reactions, there were no statistical differences between two groups except that the incidence of cholesterol of the CoenzymeQ10 600 mg group and incidence of diarrhea of the CoenzymeQ10 2?400 mg group were lower than that of the placebo group.
Conclusion
Current evidence shows that, the dosage of 2?400 mg/d CoenzymeQ10 is effective and safe for early Parkinson’s disease. Due to the limited quality and quantity of included studies, more higher quality studies are needed to verify the above conclusion.
ObjectiveThis study aims to analyze the trends in Parkinson’s disease incidence rates among the elderly population in China from 1990 to 2021 and to forecast incidence growth over the next 20 years, providing. MethodsJoinpoint regression and age-period-cohort models were employed to analyze temporal trends in Parkinson’s disease incidence, and the Nordpred model was used to predict case numbers and incidence rates among the elderly in China from 2022 to 2044. ResultsFindings indicated a significant increase in Parkinson’s disease incidence among China’s elderly population from 1990 to 2021, with crude and age-standardized incidence rates rising from 95.37 per 100 000 and 111.05 per 100 000 to 170.52 per 100 000 and 183.91 per 100 000, respectively. Predictions suggested that by 2044, the number of cases will rise to approximately 878 264, with the age-standardized incidence rate reaching 223.4 per 100 000, and men showing significantly higher incidence rates than women. The rapid increase in both cases and incidence rates indicated that Parkinson’s disease will continue to impose a heavy disease burden on China’s elderly population. ConclusionThe burden of Parkinson’s disease in China’s elderly population has grown significantly and is expected to worsen. To address the rising incidence rates effectively, it is recommended to enhance early screening and health education for high-risk groups, improve diagnostic and treatment protocols, and prioritize resource allocation to Parkinson’s disease prevention and care services to reduce future public health burdens.
The application of dopamine agonists in Parkinson’s disease has been a hot topic in recent years. Can dopamine receptor agonists serve as the initial drugs for Parkinson’s disease? Does it improve the natural history of patients? Has it neuroprotective role? When and how to use dopamine receptor agonists? This article provides evidence on the pros and cons of dopamine receptor agonists in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease for helping clinical decision making.
1-methyl-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (Sal) is a kind of catechol isoquinoline compound, which mainly exists in mammalian brain and performs a variety of biological functions. Through in vivo metabolism, Sal can be transformed into endogenous neurotoxins and can participate the occurrence of Parkinson’s disease (PD). This has attracted widespread concern of researchers. Recently, many research works have shown that Sal may lead to alcohol addiction and regulate hormone release of the neuroendocrine system, which indicated that it is a potential regulator of dopaminergic neurons. In this paper, we discuss the neural functions of Sal on the above aspects, and wish to provide some theoretical supports for further research on its mechanism.
