ObjectiveTo systematically review the prevalence rate of gestational diabetes mellitus in Chinese population.MethodsPubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Library, CNKI, WanFang Data and VIP databases were electronically searched to collect relevant literature of the prevalence rate of gestational diabetes in Chinese population from inception to October 2017. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies, then, meta-analysis was performed by using R 3.4.1 software.ResultsA total of 27 studies were included involving 183 338 peoples, of whom 23 834 were diagnosed as gestational diabetes mellitus by oral glucose tolerance test (75g). The prevalence rate was 13% (95%CI 10 to 16). The prevalence rate of gestational diabetes mellitus in north area was 13% (95%CI 9 to 19), central area was 11% (95%CI 2 to 39), east area was 15% (95%CI 12 to 19), south area was 12% (95%CI 11 to 14), northwest area was 5% (95%CI 3 to 8) and southwest area was 4% (95%CI 3 to 4). The prevalence rate of gestational diabetes mellitus during January 2005 to December 2012 was 11% (95%CI 7 to 16), during December 2012 to June 2016 was 17% (95%CI 14 to 20). The prevalence of specialist hospitals was 9% (95%CI 6 to 14), and which of comprehensive hospital was 14% (95%CI 11 to 18). The prevalence of gestational diabetes screening at 24 to 28 weeks gestation remained at 13% (95%CI 10 to 17).ConclusionThe prevalence rate of gestational diabetes mellitus is high in China. The prevalence rate of gestational diabetes mellitus in north China, central China and east China is significantly higher than that in southern China, northwest China and southwest China. The prevalence rate during 2012-2016 is significantly higher than that in 2005 to 2012. Improvement of lifestyle and living standard should be considered be closely related with that. The prevalence of comprehensive hospitals is higher than specialist hospitals. It is related to the China’s economic conditions, medical care situations and the medical habits of patients.
Objective
To investigate the incidence and the correlative factors of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients with diabetes mellitus（DM）who lives in Beixinjing blocks, Shanghai.
Methods
Residents with DM were enrolled according to resident health archives. The data of disease history, visual acuity, eye disease and introcular pressure were collected by inquiry and examination. Photography of ocular fundus was used to confirm the diagnosis of DR.
Results
A total of 535 residents excepted the examination with the participating rate of 90.68%, in whom 146 (27.29%) were identified as with DR. The incidence of single and proliferative DR was 22.29% and 4.30%, respectively. Duration of DM was the independent risk factor of DR, while long duration of DM, accompanied with peripheral neuropathy and body mass index was the in-order independent factor of proliferative DR.
Conclusions
The incidence of DR is high in residents with DM. Monitoring DR progress in DM residents with risk factors is recommended.
(Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2006, 22: 31-34)
Objective To analyze the prevalence rate of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in people over 40 years old in China plateau (altitude≥1 000 m) in recent years. Methods PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang Data, VIP databases and Chinese Medical Database were searched, and the articles published between January 1, 2010 and December 5, 2022 were collected. Two reviewers independently reviewed the literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias of included articles. Meta-analysis was performed with Stata 17.1. Results A total of 13 articles were included, with a total sample size of 37 230 people, including 3 697 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. The prevalence rate of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in people over 40 years old in China plateau was 9.0% [95% confidence interval (0.07, 0.11), P<0.001]. The results of subgroup analysis showed that males (12.4%), smokers (13.4%), 61-70 years old (15.1%), primary school and below (10.3%), low body weight (12.2%) and Yunnan (11.5%) had the highest prevalence rates within the subgroup (P<0.05). Conclusions The prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in China plateau is still high. Gender, age, smoking, education level, body mass index and region are still important influencing factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
【Abstract】 Objective To survey the prevalence and risk factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD) , and establish database for community intervention of COPD.Methods A cluster-randomsampling survey was carried out. The population aged over 40 years old in eight communities of Chengdu were investigated from August 2007 to August 2009 using the standard protocol and questionnaire. The spirometry was performed for each participant. Results A total of 4315 residents were enrolled in this survey and 3687 case reports were analyzed, including 1529 males and 2148 females, with an average age of 60. 35 ±13. 21 years old. Total prevalence of COPD was 9. 6% . The prevalence of COPD in the males was significantly higher than that in the females ( 14. 0% vs. 6. 4%, P lt;0. 01) . The prevalence of COPD increased with the age. The major risk factors were cigarettes smoking ( OR = 3. 012, 95% CI 2. 390-3. 797, P lt; 0. 01) and indoor cooking smoking ( OR = 2. 546, 95% CI 1. 734-3. 425, P lt; 0. 01) . Conclusion The prevalence of COPD in Chengdu city is significantly higher than average level of the whole country, which warrant moreattention to better prevention and treatment of COPD in communities.
ObjectiveTo explore the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in island of China.
MethodsLiteratures regarding the prevalence and treatment of hypertension in island of China were retrieved in PubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Library (Issue 12, 2013), CNKI, WanFang Data and CBM from January 2000 to December 2012. Two reviewers independently screened literature according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and extracted data. Then the pooled rates were conducted by Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software using inverse variance method.
ResultsNine studies involving 926 836 samples were included. The results of meta-analysis showed the pooled rates of prevalence, awareness, treatment and control were 32.0% (95%CI 18.8% to 48.8%), 47.4% (95%CI 29.7% to 65.8%), 38.0% (95%CI 23.1% to 55.5%) and 10.0% (95%CI 4.3% to 21.7%), respectively. Whether in 60 or 65 as the threshold value, the prevalence of hypertension in old people was higher than that in young people.
ConclusionThe prevalence of hypertension is about 32% and much higher in island regions of China, while the awareness, treatment and control rates are so lower in these regions. The relevant public health policy should pay more attention to improve primary health care in these regions.
Objective To analyze the prevalence and influencing factors of dyslipidemia among permanent residents in Longquanyi district of Chengdu for prevention and control of dyslipidemia. Methods Permanent residents in Longquanyi district were selected as research objects by convenient sampling method between November 2021 and February 2022. The dyslipidemia rate in the population was analyzed, and the influencing factors of dyslipidemia were analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Results A total of 11 408 permanent residents were included. Among them, 3650 people had dyslipidemia, with a prevalence rate of 32.00% (3650/11408). The prevalence rates of high total cholesterol, high triglyceride, high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were 19.30% (2 202/11 408), 13.38% (1 526/11 408), 5.05% (576/11 408) and 0.73% (83/11 408), respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that female, age≥30 years old, drinking, overweight / obesity, hypertension, diabetes and hyperuricemia were independent risk factors of dyslipidemia among permanent residents (P<0.05). Conclusions The prevalence of dyslipidemia in Longquanyi district is high, mainly with high total cholesterol and high triglyceride. Gender, age, drinking, body mass index, and the levels of blood pressure, blood glucose and blood uric acid are the factors affecting the incidence of dyslipidemia among permanent residents. Early intervention for high-risk groups with dyslipidemia should be adopted to effectively reduce the risk and burden of dyslipidemia.
Objective
To investigate the prevalence and related factors of diabetic retinopathy (DR) among residents with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Culai Town of Tai'an City in Shandong Province.
Methods
According to the DM management file database for community, 785 patients with T2DM were randomly selected by cluster sampling method. The questionnaires, routine general examinations, visual and fundus-free fluoroscopy were performed on all the patients. DR diagnosis and classification was according to the guidelines for clinical diagnosis and treatment of DR in China (2014). Both monocular and binocular DR were selected as DR patients, and the worse eye for binocular DR were treated as the DR classification of the patient. The patients were grouped by presence or absence of DR. GraphPad Prism 6, SigmaPlot 12.5, SPSS 20.0 and Excel were used to achieve data analysis. Also, SPSS 20.0 was used for multi-factor logistic regression analysis.
Results
A total of 699 patients (89.04%) were actually recorded. There were 122 eyes of 63 patients (9.01%) with DR (DR group), 1272 eyes of 636 patients (90.99%) without DR (NDR group). Among the 122 eyes of DR, there were 19 (15.57%), 17 (13.93%), 70 (57.38%), 10 (8.20%), 6 (4.92%) eyes in stage Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ, respectively. The differences of mean age (t=15 290, P=0.002), DM duration (t=9075, P＜0.000) and diastolic blood pressure (t=15 810, P=0.006) between the two groups were statistically significant. There were 23 (36.51%) and 394 (61.95%) patients with hypertension history in the DR group and the NDR group, with the significant difference ( χ2=15.42, OR=0.35, 95%CI 0.21-0.60). There were 57 (90.48%) and 500 (78.62%) patients with fasting blood glucose larger than 6.11 mmol/L in the DR group and the NDR group, with the significant difference (OR=2.51, 95%CI 1.06-5.95, P=0.031). Logistic regression analysis showed that the age, fasting blood glucose and DM duration were influencing factors for DR (OR=1.039, 0.864, 0.898; P=0.021, ＜0.000, ＜0.000).
Conclusion
The prevalence of DR in patients with T2DM in Culai Town of Tai'an City is 9.01%. Age, DM duration, fasting blood glucose are associated to DR. Those with a history of hypertension may have a lower risk of DR than those without a history of hypertension.
【摘要】 目的 調查涼山地區青少年四種常見變應性疾病——濕疹、蕁麻疹、變應性鼻炎（allergic rhinitis，AR）、支氣管哮喘（bronchial asthma，BA）的發病情況，及農村與城區患病差異。 方法 采用分層整群抽樣方式確定調查點。受調查者填寫調查問卷，接受皮膚科、耳鼻喉科、內科專科醫師檢查。 結果 濕疹調查8 113人，發現患者810例，患病率10.0%，標準化患病率9.3%；男性患病率8.1%，女性患病率11.2%（Plt;0.01）；城區與農村患病率均為10.0%。蕁麻疹調查8 113人，發現患者513例，患病率6.3%，標準化患病率6.5%；男性患病率4.6%，女性患病率7.5%（Plt;0.01）；農村患病率6.9%，城區患病率4.9% （Plt;0.01）。AR調查7 977人，發現患者741人，患病率9.3%，標準化患病率9.1%；男性患病率9.4%，女性患病率9.2%（Pgt;0.05）；農村患病率9.0%，城區10.1%（Pgt;0.05）。BA調查7 741人，發現患者296例，患病率3.8%，標準化患病率4.0%；男性患病率3.2%， 女性患病率4.2%（Plt;0.05）；農村患病率4.1%，城區患病率2.9%（Plt;0.05）。 結論 通過調查獲得了涼山地區青少年四種變應疾病患病數據。發現女性濕疹、蕁麻疹、BA患病率均高于男性，AR患病率相近。農村濕疹、蕁麻疹、支氣管哮喘患病率均高于城區，AR患病率相近。【Abstract】 Objective To obtain the prevalence rate of four common allergic diseases, including eczema, urticaria, allergic rhinitis, and bronchial asthma, in adolescent of Lianshan district; and to explore the differences of these allergic diseases prevalence rate between rural area and urban area. Methods A survey was conducted in adolescent. The cluster sampling was used. The subjects were required to fulfill the self-report questionnaires and also received physical examinations by doctors. Results A total of 8 113 individuals were included in eczema studis, in whom eczema were present in 810 with a morbidity of eczema of 10.0% (9.3% after standardized). The prevalence rate of eczema in males and females were 8.1% and 11.2%, respectively (Plt;0.01). The prevalence rate of eczema in urban area was the same as that in rural area (10.0%). A total of 8 113 people were included in the urticaria study, in whom urticaria were found in 513. The prevalence rate was 6.3% (6.5% after standardized). The prevalence rate of urticaria in males and females were 4.5% and 7.6%, respectively (Plt;0.01), and were 6.9% and 4.9% respectively in rural area and urban area (Plt;0.01). A total of 7 977 people were included in AR studis. AR was present in 741 people, and the prevalence rate of AR was 9.3% (9.1% after standardized). The prevalence rate of AR in males and females were 9.4% and 9.2% respectively (Pgt;0.05), and were 10.1% and 9.0% respectively in urban area and rural area (Pgt;0.05). A total of 7 741 people were included in BA study, and BA were present in 296 people. The prevalence rate of BA were 3.8% (4.0% after standardized). The prevalence rate in males and females were 3.2% and 4.2% respectively (Plt;0.05), and were 2.9% and 4.1% respectively in urban area and rural area (Plt;0.05). Conclusion The prevalence rate of these commom allergic diseases in adolescent of Liangshan district was obtained. The females have a higher prevalence rate of eczema, urticaria and BA than that in the males; the prevalence rate of AR in males is similar to which in the females. A higher prevalence rate of eczema, urticaria and BA is found in rural area than that in urban area; the prevalence rate of AR in urban area is similar to which in rural area.
ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence of thyroid nodules and its influencing factors among medical staff of a hospital in Hengshui.
MethodsA total of 2 190 medical workers in a hospital in Hengshui who underwent physical examinations in the Medical Examination Center of Harrison International Peace Hospital from January 2012 to July 2013 were included as the study subjects. Through physical examination, thyroid ultrasonography and questionnaire, we collected data and investigated the prevalence of thyroid nodules and its influencing factors.
ResultsThe prevalence rate of thyroid nodules was 39.45% (864/2 190) in these medical staff. The prevalence rates of thyroid nodules in males and females were 32.34% (238/736) and 42.92% (624/1 454), respectively, with statistically significant difference between them (χ2=22.913, P<0.001). With increasing age, the prevalence of thyroid nodules increased gradually, and the prevalence of the same sex increased gradually too (P<0.001). The prevalence rate of women was significantly higher than that of men for each age group (P<0.05). Among the 864 subjects, there were 550 (63.66%) with multiple nodules and 314 (36.34%) with solitary nodules; there were 454 (52.55%) with nodules in both lobes of thyroid, 238 (27.54%) with nodules in the right lobe of thyroid, and 172 (19.91%) with nodules in the left lobe of thyroid; there were 504 (58.33%) with solid modules, 172 (19.91%) with cystic nodules, 114 (13.19%) with solid and cystic nodules, and 74 (8.56%) with calcification. Logistic regression analysis showed that gender, age, educational degree, drinking history, taste habit, stress, agitation were correlated with the development of thyroid nodules.
ConclusionThe prevalence of thyroid nodules is high among medical staff of this hospital. Thyroid nodules can be prevented through healthy lifestyle, limiting alcohol intake, emotional control, and relieving stress. Early diagnosis and early treatment should be done to prevent the development and spread of thyroid nodules.
