Based on new clinical evidence, the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) annually updates and releases the "NCCN Guidelines for the Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer" which has become the reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment approved and complied by clinicians worldwide. On November 25, 2020, the latest 2021 V1 version of "NCCN Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Guidelines for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer" (hereinafter referred to as "Guidelines") was released. Compared with the 8th edition of the "Guidelines" in 2020, many updates focused on the progress of targeted and immunotherapy. This article will provide the interpretations of the updated therapy content of this edition of the guidelines.
The accuracy of the clinical prediction model determines its extrapolation and application value. When the prediction model is applied to a new setting, the differences between the new population and the initially modeled population in terms of study time, population characteristics, region, and other factors could lead to a reduction in its predictive performance. Calibrating or updating the prediction model with appropriate statistical methods is important to improve the accuracy of the prediction model in new populations. The model updating methods mainly include regression coefficients updating, meta-model updating and dynamic model updating. However, due to the limitations of meta-model updating and dynamic model updating in practical applications, the regression coefficient updating method is still the most common method in model updating. This paper introducd several types of model updating methods, the regression coefficients updating methods for two common clinical prediction models based on Logistic regression and Cox regression, and provide corresponding R codes for reference of researchers.
Skeletal muscle possesses a remarkable ability for its regeneration and injured tissue repair. This ability depends on the activity and contributions of muscle satellite cells. Proliferating satellite cells, termed myogenic precursor cells or myoblasts, are activated and driven out of their quiescent state upon muscle injury. In this summary, we present a review to summarize the molecular regulation in skeletal satellite cells to light on the satellite cells' self-renewal mechanism.
Objective To review the latest development of the research on the selfrenwal signaling pathway and culture system in vitro of the embryonic stem cells(ESCs). Methods The recent articlesabout the selfrenewal signaling pathway and culture system in vitro of the ESCs were extensively reviewed. Results Understanding of the molecular mechanism of the selfrenewalin vitro and pluripotency of the ESCs was considered important for developing improved methods of deriving, culturing and differentiating these cells into the cells that could be successfully used in the clinical practice. Conclusion A further research is needed to elucidate the selfrenewal signaling pathway and the pluripotency of the ESCs and the culture systemin vitro forthe human ESCs remains to be further improved and developed.
Objective To compare the national essential medicines list (EML) and national essential insurance medicine list (EIML) of China with that of the WHO, so as to provide reasonable evidence for the adjustment of new EML and EIML of China. Methods The similarities and differences in the selection, updating, categories, subcategories and the amounts of medicines in the EML and EIML of China and the WHO EML were compared and analyzed. Results There are some differences among the three lists in selecting principles, updating of medicines .The latest version of WHO EML (version in 2007) has 27 categories, including 340 medicines; China EML (version in 2004) has 23 categories and 773 western medicines, containing 23 categories and 225 (66.17%) similar medicines of WHO EML, which accounts for 29.11% of EML of China. China EIML (version in 2005) has 23 categories and 1 031 western medicines, containing 22 categories and 227 (66.76%) of WHO EML, which accounts for 22.02% of EIML of China. China EIML was developed based on China EML. There is little difference in selecting, updating, categories of medicines. Conclusion The difference was obviously found in medicine selection, updating and categories between China EML, EIML and WHO EML. We suggested that our national EML and EIML should be more reasonably selected and updated base on the principals of WHO EML.
Upper gastrointestinal tract cancers originating in the esophagus or esophagogastric junction constitute a major global health problem. On February 28, 2023, National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) released the clinical practice guidelines for esophageal and esophagogastric junction cancer (version 1.2023). This article will interpret the main updates related to the treatment and follow-up in this version compared to the version 5.2022, in order to provide the Chinese clinicians a better basis and reference for the diagnosis and treatment of the diseases.
The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) released the latest version 1, 2022 of "NCCN guidelines for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of small cell lung cancer" (hereinafter referred to as "guideline"). Based on high-quality evidence-based medicine, this guideline provides references of clinical diagnosis and treatment for clinicians around the world. Compared with the version 3, 2021 of the "guideline", updates and revisions mainly focused on the progress of radiotherapy and systemic treatment. This article will interpret the updated therapy content in this new version of the "guideline".
Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a disease with heterogeneous manifestations in patients who have manifest or latent psoriasis. It comprises both musculoskeletal and non-musculoskeletal manifestations. Active chronic PsA is often accompanied by cardiovascular, psychological and metabolic complications. Although the quantity of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) indicated for PsA has increased, clinicians still require some guidance in decision-making. Based on the latest evidence-based research results, the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) in 2019 developed the recommendations for the pharmacological management of PsA updated in 2015 with new recommendations. This paper interprets the update contents of the guideline to provide references for the clinical treatment of PsA.
As an essential tool for clinical practice, the clinical practice guidelines have been continuously completed and the quality of the guidelines has been improved. However, there are still issues in updating the guidelines and recommendations. This article introduces the living guideline formulation method, through dynamic monitoring, timely inclusion of new evidence, and living update of recommendations, etc. to improve the timeliness of clinical guidelines. The article aims to provide methodological references for the timely transformation of evidence and the update of guidelines.
