【摘要】 目的 應用受試者工作特征曲線(receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC曲線)探討α-L-巖藻糖苷酶(AFU)對惡性腹水和非結核良性腹水的診斷價值。 方法 2004年7月—2008年1月對213例診斷明確的良、惡性腹水(其中良性腹水117例、惡性腹水96例)AFU活性進行檢測。采用ROC曲線評價AFU的診斷靈敏度、特異度、準確性、陽性預測值、陰性預測值、陽性似然比、陰性似然比及Youden指數,評價其診斷效率。 結果 惡性腹水組AFU水平(164.96±87.72) μmol/(L?h),良性腹水組(104.02±62.07) μmol/(L?h),兩者比較差異有統計學意義(Plt;0.01)。AFU診斷惡性腹水的ROC 曲線下面積為0.754±0.034,最佳分界值101.95 μmol/(L?h)。以AFU≥101.95 μmol/(L?h)來預測惡性腹水,其診斷的靈敏度為82.3%,特異度為63.2%,準確性為72.8%、陽性預測值為65.3%、陰性預測值為83.1%、陽性似然比為2.23、陰性似然比為0.28及Youden指數為0.455。 結論 腹水AFU活性檢測有助于惡性腹水和非結核良性腹水的鑒別診斷,是一個比較理想的實用指標,適合于基層醫院的臨床應用。【Abstract】 Objective To assess the value of α-L-fucosidase (AFU) levels with receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve) in the diagnosis of malignant and non-tuberculous benign ascites. Methods Ascitic AFU activity was measured in 213 patients (117 with benign ascites and 96 with malignant ascites) diagnosed with benign or malignant ascites. The diagnostic sensitivity (SEN), specificity (SPE), accuracy, positive predictive value (PV+), negative predictive value (PV-), positive likelihood ratio (LR+), negative likelihood ratio (LR-) and Youden index (YI) of AFU were assessed with receiver operating characteristic curve, and the diagnostic effectiveness of AFU was evaluated. Results The average level of AFU in the malignant group [(164.96±87.72) μmol/(L?h)] was significantly higher than that in the benign group [(104.02±62.07) μmol/(L?h)] (Plt;0.01). The area under the curve (AUC) of the ROC curve of AFU was 0.754±0.034 for malignant ascites diagnosis, and the optimal cut-off value was 101.95 μmol/(L?h). When an AFU level equal to or higher than 101.95 μmol/(L?h) was used to predict malignant ascites, the diagnostic sensitivity was 82.3%, specificity was 63.2%, accuracy was 72.8%, PV+ was 65.3%, PV- was 83.1%, LR+ was 2.23, LR- was 0.28 and YI was 0.455. Conclusion Detection of AFU activity in ascites is helpful to differentiate the diagnose between malignant and non-tuberculous benign ascites, which is a relatively ideal index to fit for clinical application of local hospitals.
目的 了解社區人群對腦卒中危險因素及癥狀的知曉現狀。 方法 隨機抽樣調查1 208名居民及112名醫務人員的人口學特征、對危險因素及預警信號的知曉現狀及其影響因素、信息來源及需求情況。 結果 90.1%、100.0%的居民及醫務人員可辨識高血壓是卒中的危險因素,而社區居民及醫務人員對年齡、糖尿病、吸煙等危險因素的認識比例分別為65.0% 和85.0%,且對危險因素的控制策略缺乏了解。87.4%、100.0%社區居民及醫務人員將一側肢體的活動障礙作為卒中的第一大預警信號,其次為頭暈、步態不穩、頭痛、言語困難、視物模糊。卒中知識得分的單因素及多因素分析示:大學文化、已婚且在職的居民及高學歷的醫務人員對卒中信息的了解程度高。卒中信息的獲取途徑依次為電視、社區醫生/講堂、報紙、雜志、網絡。 結論 西部城市社區人群卒中知識知曉率低,開展針對低學歷醫務者的卒中培訓及低學歷、獨居及退休人員的居民講堂是改善現狀的必要途徑。同時也為政府建立有效的院前早期識別及快速轉診技術提供了依據。Objective To assess the baseline knowledge of risk factors and warning signs of cerebral apoplexy in communities. Methods A total of 1 208 inhabitants and 112 medical personnel were selected by systematic sampling. The questionnaire included social-demographic data, knowledge of cerebral apoplexy risk and warning signs and influencing factors, the sources and requirement of information about cerebral apoplexy. Results Hypertension was a risk factor in 90.1% of residents and 100.0% of medical personnel. Age, diabetes and smoking were identified as the risk factor in 65.0% of medical personnel and 85.0% of residents. Medical therapy of risk factors was insufficient. The most common warning signs of cerebral apoplexy was hemiplegia, the following were vertigo, ataxia, headache, aphasia and double vision. Stepwise multiple regression analyses showed that residents who had higher educational background, spousal, workers and community worker with higher educational background had higher knowledge scores of cerebral apoplexy. The main sources of information about cerebral apoplexy were television, doctors, newspaper, magazine and network. Conclusions At present, the urban community residents in west China are lacking in knowledge about cerebral apoplexy. Going forward, targeted educational residents and medical workers should be directed at those who was highly educated, living alone, and retired. It is also provide a theoretical basis for establishing a prehospital identification and transfer treatment system based on community in developing countries.