【摘要】 目的 研究使用Bowtie濾線器(F1)后,保證加速器CBCT患者掃描圖像質量前提下,如何合理設置掃描條件,盡量降低輻射劑量。 方法 使用Piranha輻射測量儀測量CBCT在使用F1與未使用F1時射線的半價層。設定不同的掃描模式,使用直徑30 cm的有機玻璃模體測量掃描劑量,并使用XVI附帶的Catphan503模體測量客觀圖像質量。在此基礎上,研究掃描劑量以及圖像質量與掃描條件的關系,提出了適合臨床患者的胸部與腹部不同的掃描條件。 結果 使用F1后射束的半價層增加了0.77~0.92 mmAl,掃描劑量明顯減少,中心點減少了22%~29%,邊緣點減少了41%~45%,皮膚劑量減少顯著。圖像質量隨著掃描劑量的增大而提高。空間分辨力受FOV影響較大,但一般能識別1~2 mm的物體,完全能夠滿足分辨細小骨結構與標記點的臨床要求。圖像偽影在使用L20時的大mAs下明顯。胸部低劑量的CBCT圖像如100 kV,M20,0.5 mAs的掃描條件亦可滿足臨床要求。腹部則需要使用較大劑量的掃描模式,CBCT圖像才達到進行配準的要求。 結論 F1的使用在改善圖像質量的前提下降低了掃描劑量,使用新的掃描序列能平衡二者的關系。【Abstract】 Objective To explore the influence of bowtie filtration on absorb dose and half-value layer inaluminum (Al) of cone-beam CT, estimate the image dose under different scan protocol, and establish the relationship between the image quality and the scan protocol after using F1. Methods Piranha was used to measure the HVL. Dose measurements were performed with an 0.6 cc Farmer type ionization chamber with a 30 cm-diam cylindrical shaped water phantoms in 100 and 120 kV with a series of mAs and FOV. CNR, noise and uniformity were measured on the Catphan503 images. Results HVL increased 0.77-0.92 mmAl where XVI generally had more penetrating beams at the similar kV settings. Scanning dose significantly reduced, the center point decreased 22%-29%, the edge with a decrease of 41%-45% which meant a very significant reduction in skin dose. Image quality improved with mAs increase. The spatial resolution mainly changed with FOV. But generally can identify 1-2 mm-diam objects, fully meet the clinical requirements of identify small bone structure and marker. Through this clinical investigation, low-dose CBCT images in chest, such as 100 kV, M20, and 0.5 mAs scanning protocol appeared to be an optimal settings. Abdomen image needed a higher dose to reach the requirements of registration. Conclusion Using F1 under the premise of improving the image quality then reducing the scanning dose and using a new scanning sequence can balance the image quality and scanning dose.
【摘要】 目的 調強放射治療(IMRT)能較好的保護危及器官并給予腫瘤足夠的致死劑量,基于多葉準直器(MLC)分步照射的IMRT技術對復雜病例需要更多子野。研究對直腸癌術后放射治療使用不同子野數目的IMRT計劃進行比對,選擇合理的子野數。 方法 選取2010年4-8月入院的直腸癌術后患者10例,保持射野入射角度及優化目標參數相同,僅改變MLC子野數目,設計不同IMRT對每一患者治療計劃的靶區適形指數(CI)、均勻性指數、最大劑量、最小劑量、平均劑量,危及器官關注體積的受照劑量,機器跳數及治療時間進行分析。 結果 所有治療計劃中靶區及危及器官的劑量學評估指標無統計學意義(Pgt;0.05),只有亞臨床計劃靶區(PTV)CI在15個子野的方案中(0.74±0.06)明顯差于25個子野方案(0.82±0.03)、40個子野方案(0.81±0.06)及60個子野方案(0.84±0.03),有統計學意義(Plt;0.05);治療機器跳數(MU)隨子野數目增多明顯增大,15、20、40及60個子野方案所需MU分別為(458±56)、(559±62)、(614±74)、(622±82),有統計學意義(Plt;0.05),但40個子野方案與60個子野方案間無統計學意義。治療時間明顯隨子野數增加而增大。 結論 直腸癌術后IMRT計劃使用25個子野能滿足臨床劑量要求,同時能有效降低治療時間,可作為臨床應用參考值。【Abstract】 Objective The intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) can deliver tumor enough doses and protect risk organs as much as possible at the same time. The MLC-based step and shoot IMRT(sIMRT) plan needs much more segment member to meet clinical aims. In this study, several sIMRT plans using different segment number for postoperative rectal cancer were compared to find out the most reasonable segment number setting. Methods Ten patients with rectal carcinoma underwent postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy for rectal cancer from April to August 2010 were selected. For each patient, the angle of field, the prescription expected and the physical parameters optimized were kept the same, while only the number of segments was changed in sIMRT plans. The dose volume histogram-based parameters [conformity index (CI) and homogeneous index (HI)] and other parameters concerned were compared and analyzed. Results The indexes of dosimetry associated with the targets and risk organs showed no significant statistical difference among the 4 sIMRT plans with different segment numbers. The index CI of PTV in the sIMRT plan with 15 segments (CI 0.74±0.06) was less than that in the sIMRT plan with 25 segments (CI 0.82±0.03), the sIMRT plan with 40 segments plan (CI 0.81±0.06), and the sIMRT plan with 60 segments (CI 0.84±0.03) (Plt;0.05). There were significant differences in MU among the sIMRT plans with 15 segments (average MU: 458±56) , with 25 segments (average MU: 559±62 ), and with 40 segments (average MU: 614±74)or with the 60 segments (average MU: 622±82 (Plt;0.05). The more segments meant more MU and more irradiation time. Conclusion The sIMRT plan for patients of rectal cancer to receive postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy may require at least 25 segments to balance the accepted dose results and efficient delivering.
【摘要】 目的 利用不同匹配區域對錐形束CT(CBCT)與定位CT(FBCT)分別配準,測量出鼻咽癌放射治療中頸部的變形誤差。 方法 分析2007年4月-2008年12月收治鼻咽癌患者23例,調整治療床前198次CBCT掃描。將鼻咽部掃描CBCT圖像匹配區域分為上下兩個區域進行對比分析。其中上匹配區域為:上界為蝶竇上緣,下界為頸4下緣,側界包括下頜骨外輪廓,前界為上頜竇1/2,后界為平棘突后緣;下匹配區域為:上界約頸4下緣,下界約胸2-3下緣,側界包括椎體外輪廓,前界包括皮膚,后界平棘突后緣。匹配方式選擇骨,比較匹配結果差異。 結果 選擇上與下匹配區域結果除Y(頭腳)方向旋轉誤差無統計學差異外,余均有統計學差異(Plt;0.05) 。差值在X(左右)、Z(前后)、Y(頭腳)方向平移分別為(1.14±2.80)、(0.47±1.41)、(0.58±3.88) mm,旋轉誤差X、Y、Z方向分別為(0.90±1.98)、(0.80±2.03)、(0.68±1.90)°。 結論 鼻咽癌放射治療中頸部區域存在一定變形誤差,通過CBCT引導發現變形誤差并進行正確糾正是必須的,結合臨床實際及靶區與危及器官的變化為重新計劃提供依據。【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the rotation errors due to neck deformation in nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) radiotherapy with different match areas to register conebeam CT(CBCT) from image guiding and fanbeam (FBCT) from simulation. Methods A total of 198 pre-correction CBCT data sets from 23 NPC patients from April 2007 to December 2008 were retrospectively analyzed. The matching areas in CBCT images were divided into up and down region of interest (ROI). For the up ROI, the superior, inferior, left and right, anterior, and posterior boundary were set parallel with sphenoid sinus up side, C4 down side, mandible outside, and 1/2 of maxillary air sinus and acanthi. For the down ROI, the lines were set parallel with C4 down side, T2-3 down side, neck outside, skin surface and acanthi respectively in all directions. All registrations were performed automatically by bony anatomy and the results were compared. Results The registration results by the up and the down ROI showed significant difference except Y direction for rotation. The translation error was (1.14±2.80),(0.47±1.41),and (0.58±3.88) mm, respectively; and the rotation error was (0.90±1.98),(0.80±2.03),and (0.68±1.90) ° in X, Y, and Z direction, respectively. 〖WTHZ〗Conclusions〖WTBZ〗There are some significant deformation errors at neck areas in NPC radiotherapy. It is important to find out the deformation and correct it with CBCT image guiding. This kind of error information may provide clues for re-planning in addition to clinical practice and the changes of clinical targets and involved organs.