ObjectiveTo detect the expression of Krüppel like factor 8 (KLF8) in breast cancer tissues and cells and to explore the clinical significance of KLF8.Methods① The Oncomine database was used to analyze the differential expression of KLF8 mRNA in the breast cancer tissues. The Kaplan-Meier Plotter database was used to analyze the relationship between KLF8 mRNA expression and prognosis (relapse free survival, overall survival, post-progression survival, and distant metastasis-free survival) of patients with breast cancer. ② The quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot were used to detect the KLF8 expression levels in the 16 clinical patients with breast cancer and 7 breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231, MCF-12A, Hs-578T, MCF-7, BT-474, MDA-MB-453, ZR-75-30) and normal breast epithelial cell lines MCF-10A, and the immunofluorescence was used to further detect the localization of KLF8 expression in the 2 breast cancer cell lines with higher KLF8 expression level. ③ The immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of KLF8 protein in 135 cases of breast cancer tissue microarrays, and the relationships between KLF8 protein expression and clinicopathologic characteristics or overall survival were analyzed.Results① The Oncomine database showed that KLF8 mRNA expression in the breast cancer tissues was higher than that in the normal breast tissues (P<0.001). The median KLF8 mRNA expression level was taken as the cut-off point for high or low KLF8 expression. The results of Kaplan-Meier Plotter data analysis showed that the prognosis (relapse free survival, overall survival, postprogression survival, and distant metastasis-free survival) of patients with low KLF8 mRNA expression were better than those of patients with high KLF8 mRNA expression (P<0.05). ② The results of qRT-PCR and Western blot all showed that the KLF8 mRNA and protein expression levels in the breast cancer tissues were higher than those in the adjacent normal tissues (P=0.002, P<0.001). In addition, the Western blot results showed that the expression of KLF8 protein in the 7 breast cancer cell lines was higher than that in the normal breast epithelial cell lines MCF-10A respectively, and KLF8 protein mainly expressed in the cytoplasm of breast cancer cells and highly expressed in the nuclear of a few cells. ③ There were 63 cases of high KLF8 expression and 72 cases of low KLF8 expression by the immunohistochemical analysis of 135 patients with breast cancer tissue microarray (the H-score of the immunohistochemical test results was 75 as the cut-off point, H-score >75 was the high KLF8 expression and H-score ≤75 was the low KLF8 expression), the differences of statuses of estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) between the patient with high KLF8 expression and low KLF8 expression were significant (P<0.05). The Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis showed that the prognosis of patients with high KLF8 expression was worse than that of patients with low KLF8 expression (P=0.002). The univariate analysis showed that the TNM stage, statuses of ER and PR, and KLF8 expression were related to the prognosis of patients with breast cancer (P<0.05), further multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis indicated that the later stage of TNM and high KLF8 expression were the independent risk factors (P<0.05).ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest that KLF8 highly expresses in both breast cancer tissues and breast cancer cells, which is related to the statuses of ER and PR and prognosis of patients with breast cancer. KLF8 might be involved in the progression of breast cancer as an oncogenic gene, or it might provide a new direction for prognosis judgment and molecular targeted therapy of breast cancer.
Objective
To determine the lipid peroxide damage in the primary cultured rabbit retinal ganglion cells induced by microwave．
Methods
Cultured rabbit retinal ganglion cells in vitro and exposed to 80 mW/cm2 of microwave for 15,30,45 min tespectively.Immediately after radiation,the morphological variation of cells was observed by optical microscope and transmission electronic microscope.Secondly,the activity of intracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) were detected.
Results
Aportion of cells congregated,with their axon disapeared after radiation.Mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum revealed swelling under transmission electronic microscope.The content of MDA was increased obviously compared with control group while SOD decreased．The content of MDA as increased obviously compared with control group after 45 min radiation was 5.11 times,while SOD decreased.The content of MDA as in control and the ganglion cells were apparantly destroyed.
Conclusion
Microwave can induce the lipid peroxide damage in primary cultured retinal ganglion cells,and lipid peroxide effect might be one of the mechanisms of microwave retinal damage.
(Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2000，16：32-34)
Gelastic seizure (GS) is a type of epilepsy characterized primarily by inappropriate bursts of laughter, with or without other epileptic events. Based on the timing of symptoms, the presence of emotional changes, and disturbances of consciousness, GS is classified into simple and complex types. The generation of laughter involves two major neural pathways: the emotional pathway and the volitional pathway. The neural network involved in GS includes structures such as the frontal lobe, insula, cingulate gyrus, temporal lobe, and brainstem.The most common cause of GS is a hypothalamic hamartoma, and stereotactic electroencephalography can record discharges from the lesion itself. Surgical removal of the hypothalamic hamartoma can result in immediate cessation of GS in the majority of patients, while some may experience partial improvement with persistent epileptic-like discharges detectable on scalp electroencephalography (EEG). Early surgical intervention may improve prognosis.In cases of non-hypothalamic origin of GS with no apparent imaging abnormalities, focal discharges are often observed on EEG and these cases respond well to antiepileptic drugs. Conversely, patients with structural abnormalities suggested by imaging studies tend to have multifocal discharges and a poorer response to medication. In a small subset of medically refractory non-hypothalamic GS, surgical intervention can effectively control symptoms.This article provides a comprehensive review of the etiology, neural networks involved, EEG characteristics, and treatment options for GS, with the goal of improving understanding of this relatively rare type of epileptic seizure.
ObjectiveTo summarize the clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatments of chronic eosinophilic pneumonia (CEP).MethodsThe clinical and pathological data of five patients with CEP diagnosed in this hospital between January 2011 and January 2015 were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsThere were five CEP cases including two males and three females, and one case with allergic rhinitis, two cases with bronchial asthma, two cases with allergic history, and one case with allergic skin rash. The main clinical manifestations were fever, cough, expectoration, shortness of breath and chest pain, and often accompanied by fatigue, anorexia and weight loss. The main signs included moist rales, scattered wheeze and crackles. There were significantly increased peripheral blood eosinophils count, the proportion of eosinophils, and the proportion of eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in all five cases. The main imaging features were airway infiltration, real change shadow and ground glass shadow. All of five cases were treated with glucocorticoid, and one of them relapsed during follow-up.ConclusionsThe onset of CEP is insidious. The clinical manifestations of CEP are lack of specificity, and often associate with asthma and allergic dermatitis. Eosinophils significantly increase in peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in most of CEP patients. The typical image is peripheral and subpleural distribution of lung infiltrates.
Purpose
To study changes of cell cycle of vascular endothelial cell in non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
Methods
Alloxan induced Wistar-rats were employed and immunohistochemistry,Western blotting methods were used.
Results
The vascular endothelial cells of retinas of 8～20 weeks diabetic rats were observe to be cyclinD1,cyclinD3,cyclinB1,p21 and p27 positive stained with light and electronmicroscopies.CyclinE immuno-stained vascular endothelial cells was observed occasionally.Meanwhile,the evidences of morphologic changes of the vascular en dothelial cells were proved:less plasma,thinner cell,more bubble organelles than those of controls.But,the ultra-structures of pericytes and other type of retinal cells did not change and they also immunostain negative.Komas blue and Western blotting methods also proved that the vascular endothelial cells of retina of 20th week diabetic rats expressed cyclinD1,cyclinB1,p21 and p27 protein.
Conclusion
Glucose induced retinal vascular endothelial cells of 8～20th weeks diabetic rats enter cell cycle and were arrested at G1/S restriction point.This study also suggested that retinal vascular endothelial cells may possess the ability to resist glucose damage and mechanism of selfstability during very early stage of diabetes.
(Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,2000,16:173-176)
