【摘要】 目的 分析合并免疫指標異常的視神經脊髓炎臨床特點。 方法 回顧性分析2009年5月-2010年11月收治的62例視神經脊髓炎患者中24例合并免疫指標異常患者的臨床資料。24例均為女性,發病年齡14~53歲。對其臨床表現、視覺誘發電位、影像學檢查結果、免疫檢查結果進行分析。 結果 所有患者均有脊髓和視神經同時或先后受累的表現。24例視覺誘發電位檢查23例異常。脊髓MRI顯示病變集中于頸段、上胸段脊髓。頸段和胸段脊髓同時受累17例,單純頸段脊髓受損6例,單純胸段脊髓受損1例。所有患者抗核抗體滴度均≥1∶100,合并抗SSA抗體陽性14例(55.5%),同時合并抗SSB抗體陽性11例(45.8%),合并抗Rib抗體陽性1例,合并抗SCL-70抗體陽性1例,合并抗dsDNA抗體1例。 結論 視神經脊髓炎合并免疫指標異常的患者以女性較為多見,易復發,青壯年患者發病率最高。脊髓MRI示病變集中于頸段、上胸段脊髓,表現為長節段脊髓損害。視神經脊髓炎患者合并結締組織病的病例較多。【Abstract】 Objective To analyze the clinical features of neuromyelitis optica (NMO) combined with abnormal immune parameters. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of 24 patients with NMO and abnormal immune parameters among the 62 NMO patients who were admitted into our department between May 2009 and November 2010. All patients were female, aged from 14 to 53 years. We analyzed their clinical manifestations, visual evoked potentials, imaging results, and immunological examinations. Results All patients had simultaneous or successive spinal cord and optic nerve involvement. Twenty-three patients had abnormal visual evoked potential. MRI showed that the lesions focused on the cervical and upper thoracic spinal cord. Both cervical and thoracic spinal cord were involved in 17 cases; there were 6 cases of simple cervical spinal cord injury and 1 case of simple thoracic spinal cord damage. Antinuclear antibody titer of all the patients was ≥1∶100. Combined positive anti-SSA antibody occurred in 14 patients (55.5%); Concomitant positive anti-SSB antibodies occurred in 11 patients (45.8%); Combined positive anti-Rib antibodies occurred in 1 patient; Combined positive anti-SCL-70 antibody occurred in 1 patient; and combined positive anti-dsDNA antibodies occurred in 1 patient. Conclusions NMO combined with abnormal immune parameters mainly occurs in female patients, especially in young people. Recurrence rate is high. MRI shows that the lesions focus mainly on the cervical and upper thoracic spinal cord, manifesting the characteristic of long segment damage. And NMO is frequently combined with connective tissue disease.
【摘要】 目的 分析急性播散性腦脊髓炎的臨床特點,提高診療。 方法 收集1999年1月-2010年1月住院的急性播散性腦脊髓炎患者42例,對其臨床癥狀體征、實驗室檢查、影像學改變及治療進行全面回顧性分析。 結果 42例患者中5~14歲者11例(26.19%);15~40歲者20例(47.62%),感染后引起的23例(54.76%),無明顯誘因占15例(35.71%);腦脊液23例(23/34,67.65%)異常;腦電圖異常者27例(27/32,84.38%);CT檢查陽性率26例(26/40,65.00%),MRI陽性率25例(25/28,89.29%);糖皮質素、丙種球蛋白治療有效。 結論 急性播散性腦脊髓炎是一組臨床表現多樣的免疫介導的炎性疾病,腦脊液、MRI和腦電圖有重要診斷價值。急性期大劑量皮質素、靜脈丙種球蛋白治療均有較好療效。【Abstract】 Objective To analysis the clinical features of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis so as to improve medical treatment. Methods From January, 1999 to January, 2010, 42 inpatients with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis were collected and their clinical data were analyzed retrospectively. Results Out of these 42 patients, 11 (26.19% ) were within 5 to 14 years, 20 (47.62%) ithin 15 to 40 years; 23 (54.76%) had definite infection, and 15 (35. 71%)had no any causes; 23 (23/34, 67.65%) had abnormal cerebrospinal fluid; 27 (27/32, 84.38%) had abnormal electro-encephalograph; 26 (26/40, 65.00%) were CT positive, 25 (25/28, 89.29%) MRI positive; corticosteroids and gamma globulin were effective in the treatment of disseminated encephalomyelitis. Conclusion Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis is a kind of inflammatory disease with various clinical manifestation and mediated by immune. Cerebrospinal fluid, MRI, and electro-encephalograph have important roles in its diagnosis. Large dose of corticosteroids and gamma globulin are effective in the treatment of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis.