【摘要】 目的 探討多層螺旋CT低劑量掃描在小兒上尿路梗阻性疾病中的應用價值。 方法 2008年1月-2009年6月經臨床手術證實尿路梗阻的患兒52例，按梗阻的原因分為結石組13例與非結石組39例。將非結石組患兒，按照年齡分為0~1歲（8例）、1~5歲（16例）和5~10歲（15例）3個組，均采用個性化的低劑量掃描方式。 結果 結石組與非結石組陽性診斷率均為100%。低劑量掃描患兒所接受的輻射劑量明顯降低，CT掃描管電流不變，管電壓降低1/3，CT檢查的輻射劑量可降低約70%，且均可達到臨床診斷要求。 結論 多層螺旋CT低劑量個性化掃描在小兒上尿路梗阻性疾病中診斷中具有明顯優勢。【Abstract】 Objective To evaluate low-dose multislice spiral CT for upper urinary tract obstruction in children. Methods From January 2008 to June 2009, 52 children with upper urinary tract obstruction were diagnosed via clinical surgeries. The patients were divided into two groups according to whether having renal calculus (13 patients) or not (39 patients). The patients in non-calculus group were divided into three sub-groups: aged 0-1 (eight patients), 1-5 (16 patients), and 5-10 (15 patients). Low dose multislice spiral CT with different doses was performed. Results The rate of positive predictive diagnosis was 100% in both calculus and non-calculus group. Low dose scan reduced the radiation dose of children. The fixed tube current and the decreased tube voltage (decreased 1/3) led to the decrease of the radiation dose (decreased 70%), which were feasible for diagnosis. Conclusion Low-dose multislice spiral CT was available for upper urinary tract obstruction in children.
摘要:目的:通過食管吞鋇造影及造影后CT平掃檢查提高梨狀窩瘺的診斷率。方法:平臥位左、右、前、后斜位和頭低足高位食管吞鋇后透視觀察有無鋇劑外漏后,行CT平掃檢查。掃描范圍上起口咽部,下至胸骨上窩,層距厚3 mm。掃描后圖像作多層面重建處理。結果:透視下見到瘺管3例,另3例經CT多層面重建隱約見到瘺管,但14例均可見漏出的鋇劑滯留影,可判斷瘺管的存在。結論:食管吞鋇造影及造影后CT平掃可提高對梨狀窩瘺診斷的敏感性和診斷率。Abstract: Objective: To improve the diagnosis rate of the pyriform sinus fistula by means of esphagogram and CT scan after esphagogram. Methods:To observe whether there is the leakage of barium by Xray check after barium swallowed in the five positions of body, followed by CT scan. The scanning ranges from oropharyngeal to Waterloo on sternum. The thickness is 3mm. The image is dealt with multidimensional reconstruction after the scan. Results:Among fourteen cases, the fistula can be seen in three, and be indistinctly seen after the multidimensional reconstruction of CT scan in the other three ones. All The fourteen cases show the trace of the leakage of barium, which helps to prove the existence of pyriform sinus fistula. Conclusions: Esphagogram and CT scan after esphagogram contribute the sensitivity of the diagnosis of pyriform sinus fistula, and improve the diagnosis rate.
