Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of utilizing 3D-printed visualized spinal models in the surgical management of spinal deformities. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients who underwent surgical treatment for spinal deformities at Sichuan Science City Hospital between January 2021 and June 2023. According to the surgical method, the included patients were divided into 3D group and non-3D group. For the 3D group, preoperative CT scans were employed to acquire comprehensive spinal imaging data, which were subsequently used to fabricate the 3D-printed models. Surgical interventions in the 3D group were guided by these models, while the non-3D group received standard surgical treatment. Clinical parameters, including surgical details, imaging outcomes, and complications were meticulously documented. Results A total of 31 patients were included. Among them, there were 17 cases in the 3D group and 14 cases in the non-3D group. All patients underwent surgery successfully without experiencing complications related to the procedure, such as nerve or vascular damage. There were statistically significant differences in the operation times [(274.59±62.57) vs. (338.43±82.06) min], intraoperative blood loss [(700.41±262.10) vs. (937.43±316.57) mL], postoperative hospital stays [(13.00±3.34) vs. (16.07±4.46) d] between the 3D and non-3D groups (P＜0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the success rate of initial nail placement between the 3D and non-3D groups (94.81% vs. 92.83%, P>0.05). After surgery, the correction rate of Cobb angle [(71.46±10.17)% vs. (55.95±6.93)%] and △ Cobb angle [(52.95±13.23) vs. (43.62±11.13)°] in the 3D group were higher than those in the non-3D group (P<0.05). Conclusion The utilization of D-printed visualized models in the surgical management of spinal deformities enhances both the safety and efficacy of the procedures, thereby achieving favorable clinical outcomes.
In recent years, 3D-printed porous titanium scaffold has become a focus of research in bone defect repair due to their controllable pore structure and good biocompatibility. Its main strategies include pore design to optimize mechanics and bone ingrowth, surface functionalization modification to enhance osseointegration and anti-infection ability, and loading of bioactive molecules to achieve temporal release and promote vascular osteogenic coupling. Individualized precise reconstruction is gradually being carried out in clinical applications, but long-term safety, manufacturing accuracy, and cost-effectiveness remain challenges. This article reviews the research progress of 3D-printed porous titanium scaffold in bone defect repair, summarizes their application advantages and limitations, and looks forward to directions such as intelligent coatings, immune regulation, and artificial intelligence, in order to provide a reference for their clinical translation.
