ObjectiveTo explore the effects of pilose antler blood wine on bone mineral density and T-lymphocyte subsets of ovariectomized female Sprague Dawley (SD) rats.
MethodsSixty female SD rats were randomly divided into six groups:normal control group, osteoporosis model group, pure ethylalcohol group, high dose of pilose antler blood wine group, medium dose of pilose antler blood wine group and low dose of pilose antler blood wine group. Normal control group and osteoporosis model group were given saline with the dose of 9.1 g/(kg·d). Pure ethylalcohol group was given pure ethylalcohol with the dose of 9.1 g/(kg·d). The doses of pilose antler blood wine were 4.5, 9.1 and 13.6 g/(kg·d) respectively in low, medium and high dose of pilose antler blood wine group. After the feeding of pilose antler blood wine for 30 days, the bone mineral density and T-lymphocyte subsets of rats were assessed.
ResultsThe difference in bone mineral density among the three pilose antler blood wine groups was significant (P<0.05); the most obvious improvement of one mineral density was found in low and medium dose of pilose antler blood wine groups (P<0.05). The CD4+ T cells and CD4+/CD8+ significantly increased and CD8+ T cells proportion decreased significantly in pilose antler blood wine group compared with those in the osteoporosis model group (P<0.05). CD4+ T cells in medium dose group increased obviously compared with that in the high dose group (P<0.05). CD4+/CD8+ in low and medium dose groups obviously increased compared with that in high dose group (P<0.05). CD4+ T cells of medium dose group obviously increased compared with that in pure ethylalcohol group (P<0.05). CD8+ T cells in medium and low dose groups obviously decreased compared that in pure ethylalcohol group (P<0.05). CD4+/CD8+ in the three dose groups increased significantly compared with that in pure ethylalcohol group (P<0.05).
ConclusionTree different doses of pilose antler blood wine could prevent the osteoporosis and improve the immune function. The effects of medium and low dose of groups were more obvious.
ObjectiveTo analyze the relationship between the bone mineral density (BMD) and lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration in rhesus macaques by using T1ρ-MRI.
MethodsTwenty female rhesus macaques at the age of 10.9 years on average (rang, 4-20 years) were selected. The lumbar intervertebral discs were classified by Pfirrmann grading system and the T1ρ relaxation time (T1ρ value) was examined by using MRI (Philips 1.5 Tesla), and then BMD values of the L4,5 vertebrae and femoral ward's triangle were detected by using Osteocore dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Finally, the relationship of T1ρ value of the lumbar intervertebral discs and Pfirrmann grading with age, weight, BMD of lumbar vertebrae and femoral ward's triangle was analyzed.
ResultsThe BMD values of lumbar vertebrae and femoral ward's triangle were (0.64±0.17) g/cm2 and (0.67±0.19) g/cm2 respectively, showing no significant difference (t=2.893, P=0.128). According to Pfirrmann grading system, there were 7 cases of grade I, 8 cases of grade Ⅱ, and 5 cases of grade Ⅲ at L4,5 intervertebral discs. The T1ρ value of the lumbar intervertebral disc was (104.08±18.65) ms; the T1ρ values of grades I, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ were (121.31±13.44), (104.73±15.01), and (77.41±11.87) ms, respectively. There was a negative correlation between T1ρ value and the age and the BMD of lumbar vertebrae and femoral ward's triangle. There was a positive correlation between Pfirrmann grading and the variables as listed above. Significant negative linear correlation was also observed between T1ρ value and Pfirrmann grading.
ConclusionThe T1ρ value is a reliable index when quantifying lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration, and there is a significant positive correlation between BMD and lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration in rhesus macaques.
ObjectiveTo summarize and analyze the characteristics of L1-L4 vertebrae and hip bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with degenerative lumbar scoliosis under dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). MethodsWe collected all the preoperative total spine frontal and lateral X-ray images and DEXA examination results of patients with degenerative lumbar scoliosis who were hospitalized in the Department of Orthopedic Surgery in West China Hospital between August 2013 and August 2014. SPSS 21.0 was used to analyze patients’ age, height and body weight; BMD of each vertebra of L1-L4 vertebrae and L1-L4 vertebrae as a whole, and the T score; BMD of left femoral neck, Ward triangle, greater trochanter, and femoral shaft, and the general BMD of femoral neck, and the T score. ResultsThirty-eight patients with an average age of (67.4±8.2) years were enrolled in this study. DEXA examination results showed that 23.7% (9/38) and 28.9% (11/38) of the patients were osteoporotic in the spine and the hip, respectively; the examination results of total lumbar vertebrae and total femoral neck bones were concordant in 60.5% (23/38) of the patients. For lumbar vertebrae, the BMD from high to low was listed as: L4 vertebra, L3 vertebra, total L1-L4 vertebrae, L2 vertebra, and L1 vertebra. The BMD of L4 vertebra was significantly higher than that of L1 vertebra, and the BMD of lumbar vertebrae from L1 to L4 in turn presented a step-like increasing trend. For hip bones, the BMD from high to low was listed as: femoral shaft, total femoral neck area, femoral neck, greater trochanter, and Ward triangle. The BMD of the femoral shaft was significantly higher than that of Ward triangle. In the whole DEXA examination, the BMD of total L1-L4 lumbar vertebrae and its T score were higher than the BMD of left femoral neck area and its T score, respectively. ConclusionsDegenerative changes of the lumbar spine may lead to misinterpretation of BMD measurements and cause underdiagnosis of osteoporosis with DEXA. Routine reporting of spine BMD at L1 can add valuable information for reassessment and monitoring. The BMD of hip is less affected by osteoarthritis, osteophytes than the lumbar spine, and thus, it will be more meaningful in diagnosing and monitoring of the disease.
This study aims to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of 50 Hz-0.6 mT low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) on postmenopausal osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats. Thirty 3-month-old female SD rats were selected and divided into a sham operation group (Sham), an ovariectomized model group (OVX), and a low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) treatment group, with 10 rats in each group. After 8 weeks, the whole-body bone mineral density (BMD) of each group of rats was measured. The treatment group began to receive PEMF stimulation for 90 minutes daily, while the OVX group only received a simulated placement without electricity. After 6 weeks of intervention, all rats were sacrificed and tested for in vitro BMD, micro-CT, biomechanics, serum biochemical indicators, and bone tissue-related proteins. The results showed that the BMD of the OVX group was significantly lower than that of the Sham group 8 weeks after surgery, indicating successful modeling. After 6 weeks of treatment, compared with the OVX group, the PEMF group exhibited significantly increased BMD in the whole body, femur, and vertebral bodies. Micro-CT analysis results showed improved bone microstructure, significantly increased maximum load and bending strength of the femur, elevated levels of serum bone formation markers, and increased expression of osteogenic-related proteins. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that daily 90-minute exposure to 50 Hz-0.6 mT PEMF effectively enhances BMD, improves bone biomechanical properties, optimizes bone microstructure, stimulates bone formation, and inhibits bone resorption in ovariectomized rats, highlighting its therapeutic potential for postmenopausal osteoporosis.
ObjectiveTo compare the clinical effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) with oral alendronate in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
MethodsFourty patients diagnosed to have postmenopausal osteoporosis (OP) from September 2009 to September 2010 were included in our study. They were randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group. All patients were administered the same basic drugs:Caltrate 600 mg and Alfacalcidol 0.5 μg per day. For the experimental group, PEMFs were offered 6 times per week for 5 weeks (30 times in total), and patients in this group were followed up for 12 weeks. For the control group, alendronate was given at a dose of 70 mg per week for 12 weeks. Bone mineral density (BMD), visual analogue scale, and manual muscle testing (MMT) scale were evaluated before, 1 week, 5 weeks, and 12 weeks after intervention.
ResultsIncreasing of BMD, pain relieving, and improvement of MMT had a trend of increasing values after 5 weeks of treatment in the experimental group (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). However, there was a significant difference between the two groups in patients' lower back muscle strength after treatment (P<0.05).
ConclusionPEMFs have the same effect as alendronate in pain relief, and bone mass and muscle strength improvement, and are even advantageous in increasing back muscle strength compared with alendronate.
ObjectiveTo observe the treatment effects of zoledronic acid on postmenopausal osteoporosis.
MethodsSeventy-two postmenopausal osteoporosis patients from July 2007 to December 2010 were randomly divided into observation group and control group, with 36 patients in each. Traditional drug treatment was used in the control group, while traditional drug treatment and zoledronic acid were used for patients in the observation group. The Indicator of bone mineral density (BMD) and ostocalcin were used to comapre the treatment effects between the two groups after one-year treatment.
ResultsThere was a significant difference in BMD and osteocalcin in both the observation group and the control group before and after treatment (P<0.05). The treatment effect is superior in the observation group (P<0.05).
ConclusionZoledronic acid is an effective treatment for postmenopausal osteoporosis; it can increase BMD and osteocalcin more effectively.
ObjectivesTo systematically review the influence of antiepileptic drugs on bone mineral density and bone metabolism in adults.MethodsPubMed, EMbase, CNKI, CBM, VIP and WanFang Data databases were electronically searched to collect studies on the influence on antiepileptic drugs on the bone mineral density and bone metabolism in adults from inception to April 1st, 2018. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies. Then, meta-analysis was performed by using RevMan 5.3 software.ResultsA total of 14 studies were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that: VPA could decline the bone mineral density of lumbar spine (SMD=–0.39, 95%CI –0.65 to –0.13, P=0.003); CBZ (SMD=–0.71, 95%CI –1.08 to –0.33, P=0.000 2) and VPA (SMD=–0.3, 95%CI –0.58 to –0.02, P=0.03) could decline the bone mineral density of femoral neck; CBZ could decline the bone mineral density of total hip (SMD=–0.47, 95%CI –0.84 to –0.10, P=0.01). Serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 was decreased in OXC group (SMD=–0.67, 95%CI –1.28 to –0.05, P=0.03); serum calcium was decreased in CBZ (SMD=–0.49, 95%CI –0.78 to –0.20, P=0.000 8), LEV (SMD=–0.83, 95%CI –1.15 to –0.51, P<0.000 01) and OXC (SMD=–0.48, 95%CI –0.90 to –0.05, P=0.03) group; serum phosphorus was decreased in LEV group (SMD=–11.36, 95%CI –12.97 to –9.76, P<0.000 01). Serum alkaline phosphatase was increased significantly in LEV (SMD=6.79, 95%CI 5.78 to 7.80, P<0.000 01) and CBZ (SMD=1.90, 95%CI 1.35 to 2.44, P<0.000 01) group.ConclusionsCurrent evidence shows that treatment with antiepileptic drugs may be associated with an decreasing bone mineral density and influence bone metabolism in epileptic adults. Due to limited quality and quantity of the included studies, more high quality studies are required to verify above conclusion.
Objective
To ananlyze the relationship between bone mineral density and sex hormone in male patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS).
Methods
The study recruited 88 male patients with OSAHS aged 45-60 years in our hospital from October 2014 to October 2016 as an OSAHS group, and 30 healthy subjects without OSAHS as a control group. The general information and PSG parameters were recorded, the bone metabolic markers and bone mineral density of lumbar spine 1-4 (L1-4) and femoral neck (Neck) were measured, and the expressions of serum sex hormone (E2, P, T, FSH, LH and PRL) were determined by chemical luminescence immunity analyzer. The differences in above indexes between two groups and their correlation with bone mineral density were analyzed.
Results
Smoking rate, drinking rate, neck circumference and body mass index (BMI) of the OSAHS group were significantly higher than those of the control group. Compared with the control group, beta crosslaps (β-CTX, a bone metabolic marker) was significantly higher [(0.53±0.14) ng/ml vs. (0.47±0.15) ng/ml], the bone mineral density of L1-4 and Neck was significantly lower [(0.92±0.12) g/cm2 vs. (1.08±0.08) g/cm2, (0.91±0.11) g/cm2 vs. (1.06±0.13) g/cm2], and the serum testosterone was significantly lower in the OSAHS group [(267.32±89.56) ng/dlvs. (315.68±78.49) ng/dl] (all P<0.05). The result of Pearson correlation analysis showed that apnea hypopnea index (AHI) was negatively correlated with bone mineral density of L1-4 and Neck (bothP<0.001), lowest oxygen saturation (LSaO2) and testosterone were positively correlated with bone mineral density of L1-4 and Neck (all P<0.01).
Conclusions
The risk of suffering from osteoporosis is higher in male OSAHS patients and it is closely related to the degree of hypoxia. The decrease of testosterone may be one of the mechanisms.
To observe the effect of pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) of different treatment time on bone mineral density of femur in ovariectomized rats, so as to find out the treatment time for the best therapeutic efficacy. Methods Fifty female SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: sham-ovariectomized (SHAM) group (no PEMFs treatment), ovariectomy (OVX) control group (no PEMFs treatment), OVX I, II and III groups (PEMFs treatment at 8 Hz frequency with 3. 8 ×10-10A/m intensity 20, 40, and 60 minutes daily for 30 days, respectively). All rats were given bilateral ovariectomy except those in the SHAM control group. Bone mineral density (BMD) of femur was assessed at 30 days after PEMFs treatment. Results In OVX control group, hypotrichosis, hypoactivity and l istlessness were observed after operation; and in SHAM group, OVX I group, OVX II group and OVX III group, pilus, psyche and activity were normal. The BMD values were (0.226 ± 0.011), (0.210 ± 0.011), (0.231 ± 0.013), (0.231 ± 0.017) and (0.229 ± 0.013) g/cm2 in SHAM group, OVX control group, OVX I group, OVX II group and OVX III group respectively, showing significant differences between OVX control group and other groups (P lt; 0.05), but showing no significant differences between other 4 groups (P gt; 0.05). Conclusion P EMFs of the three different treatment times can maintain the BMD in ovariectomized rats. It shows that PEMFs have the same effect of maintaining BMD with increasing of treatment time at the range of 20-60 minutes in ovariectomized rats.
Alveolar bone reconstruction simulation is an effective means for quantifying orthodontics, but currently, it is not possible to directly obtain human alveolar bone material models for simulation. This study introduces a prediction method for the equivalent shear modulus of three-dimensional random porous materials, integrating the first-order Ogden hyperelastic model to construct a computed tomography (CT) based porous hyperelastic Ogden model (CT-PHO) for human alveolar bone. Model parameters are derived by combining results from micro-CT, nanoindentation experiments, and uniaxial compression tests. Compared to previous predictive models, the CT-PHO model shows a lower root mean square error (RMSE) under all bone density conditions. Simulation results using the CT-PHO model parameters in uniaxial compression experiments demonstrate more accurate prediction of the mechanical behavior of alveolar bone under compression. Further prediction and validation with different individual human alveolar bone samples yield accurate results, confirming the generality of the CT-PHO model. The study suggests that the CT-PHO model proposed in this paper can estimate the material properties of human alveolar bone and may eventually be used for bone reconstruction simulations to guide clinical treatment.
