ObjectiveTo analyze the trends of incidence, mortality, and burden of disease of cervical cancer in Chinese females from 1990 to 2019.MethodsThe global burden of disease database (GBD) and China health statistics yearbook data was used to analyze the incidence, standardized incidence, mortality, standardized mortality, urban and rural mortality, and burden of cervical cancer among Chinese females using Excel, SPSS 21.0 and Joinpoint Regression Program 4.8.0.1.ResultsThe standardized incidence of cervical cancer among Chinese females increased from 9.21/100 000 in 1990 to 12.06/100 000 in 2019, and the standardized mortality decreased from 8.40/100 000 to 7.36/100 000. The standardized mortality of cervical cancer in 2018 decreased when compared with 2015 in both urban and rural areas. Changes in age-group incidence and mortality indicated that there was a younger trend in cervical cancer. The disease burden indicators (DALY, YLL, and YLD) were increased from 86.49, 84.01, and 1.52 ten thousand person/years to 162.22, 157.40, and 4.83 ten thousand person/years, in which the YLD increased the most (217.76%). The APC of DALY, YLL and YLD were 2.39%, 2.56% and 4.25%, respectively. The proportion of cervical cancer disease burden in female cancer increased in 2019 compared with 1990. And DALY, YLL and YLD increased in the age group of 40 or over, in which DALY of the age group 50-54 increased 167.15%.ConclusionsThe situation of cervical cancer is not optimistic in China. Although the mortality of cervical cancer has decreased in recent years, the number of cases and mortalities is still increasing. Not only the burden of disease is continuously increasing, there is also a younger trend in cervical cancer. Active preventive measures should be taken to reduce the burden of cervical cancer.
ObjectiveTo investigate the epidemiological and economic burden of acute meningitis and encephalitis syndrome (AMES) in Jinan, so as to provide references for prevention and control of AMES.
MethodsThe monitoring data of the AMES Special Reporting System of Jinan City from 2007 to 2014 was collected and the epidemiological characteristics of AMES were analyzed. A questionnaire survey was performed in AMES patients reported in 2013 to collect the basic information, prognosis, medical and non-medical expenses etc. of patients. The DALYs and economic burden of AMES were estimated by using SPSS 13.0 software.
ResultsThe average incidence rate of AMES in Jinan was 8.49/100 000 through 2007 to 2014 and the mortality was 4.96‰. The total DALYs were 36 659.51 and the average DALY was 8.27.77.86% were aged less than 14 years old. The average direct economic burden of each case was 19.5 thousand RMB and the average indirect economic burden caused by DALYs was 69.1 thousand RMB.
ConclusionThere's heavy burden from AMES, and measures should be made to reduce the incidence and economic burden.
ObjectiveTo analyze the trends and major risk factors of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) disease burden by gender in China and globally from 1990 to 2021, and to predict ICH incidence and mortality in China and globally by gender from 2022 to 2046. MethodsBased on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 (GBD 2021), data on ICH in China and globally from 1990 to 2021 were collected. Age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR), and age-standardized disability-adjusted life years (ASDR) were used to assess ICH disease burden and risk factors by gender. Joinpoint regression models were employed to calculate annual percentage change (APC) and average annual percentage change (AAPC) for trend analysis. The Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) model was applied to predict ICH incidence and mortality from 2022 to 2046. ResultsFrom 1990 to 2021, ASIR, ASMR, and ASDR for ICH in China and globally showed declining trends across genders (P<0.05). For males in China and globally, the AAPC for ASIR was ?1.63% (95%CI ?1.69% to ?1.57%) and ?1.14% (95%CI ?1.20% to ?1.07%), respectively. For females in China and globally, the AAPC for ASIR was ?2.27% (95%CI ?2.35% to ?2.18%) and ?1.40% (95%CI ?1.40% to ?1.33%), respectively. The AAPC for ASMR in Chinese and global males was ?1.81% (95%CI ?2.07% to ?1.55%) and ?1.29% (95%CI ?1.43% to ?1.15%), respectively, while for females in China and globally, it was ?2.74% (95%CI ?2.94% to ?2.54%) and ?1.69% (95%CI ?1.82% to ?1.55%), respectively. The AAPC for ASDR in Chinese and global males was ?1.91% (95%CI ?2.11% to ?1.72%) and ?1.39% (95%CI ?1.52% to ?1.26%), respectively, and for females in China and globally, it was ?2.93% (95%CI ?3.07% to ?2.79%) and ?1.85% (95%CI ?1.96% to ?1.74%), respectively. By 2046, the predicted ASIR for ICH in Chinese and global males is projected to be 38.08/100 000 and 44.23/100 000, respectively, and 28.27/100 000 and 29.15/100 000 for Chinese and global females. The ASMR is predicted to reach 37.01/100 000 and 68.57/100 000 for Chinese and global males, and 22.39/100 000 and 29.45/100 000 for Chinese and global females, respectively. ConclusionThe disease burden of ICH in China has demonstrated a declining trend, yet it persistently exceeds global averages and exhibits pronounced gender disparities. There is an urgent need to enhance focus on these gender?specific variations and implement precisely targeted interventions tailored to the distinct risk factor profiles of each gender, in order to achieve further reductions in ICH?related disease burden.
ObjectiveTo estimate the level and evolving pattern of peptic ulcer disease (PUD) burden from 1990 to 2019. MethodsThe related data of PUD from 1990 to 2019 were obtained from GBD 2019 database. The corresponding age-standardized rate, annual percentage change, average annual percentage change were calculated and analyzed by Excel and R software. ResultsThe global standardized prevalence of PUD was 99.4/100 000 (95%CI 83.9 to 117.5) in 2019, and decreased from 143.4/100 000 (95%CI 120.5 to 170.2) in 1990. The standardized disability-adjusted disease years (DALYs) rate was 74.4 (95%CI 69.0 to 81.9) in 2019. The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) from 1990 to 2019 was ?3.47% (95%CI ?3.58 to ?3.37), indicating that the standardized DALYs rate was declining. The prevalence and DALYs of PUD increased with age. The standardized DALYs rate was higher in males than in females in the same age group. Sociodemographic index (SDI) was negatively correlated with the standardized prevalence of PUD (R=?0.45, P<2.2e?16) and the standardized DALYs rate (R=?0.79, P<2.2e?16). ConclusionThe worldwide burden of PUD declined from 1990 to 2019, but the decline had begun to slow or pause in countries with better economic development levels.
Objective To assess the methodological quality of systematic reviews/ meta-analysis of burden of illness, analyses the factors affecting it, so as to provide a reference basis for improving the methodological quality of related studies. Methods Systematic reviews/ meta-analysis of burden of illness were identified in PubMed, searching from its inception to 12 October 2024. Systematic reviews/ meta-analysis of burden of illness was included, the methodological quality of the included literature was evaluated using AMSTAR-2, and data were extracted using Excel 2021. Results A total of 308 systematic reviews/ meta-analysis were included, with a fluctuating upward trend in the number of publications from 2006 to 2024; of these, a total of 12 were rated as low quality. According to the AMSTAR-2 entries, the largest number of documents fully conformed to entry 16 (82.14%), followed by entry 5 (81.49%), and entry 8 (72.73%); one document conformed to entry 10 (0.32%), and relatively few conformed to entry 12 (68.83%), entry 13 (85.39%), and entry 15 (67.53%). ConclusionThe methodological quality of systematic reviews/ meta-analysis of burden of illness needs to be improved, and the main problems include the lack of pre-study protocols, the absence of a list of excluded literature, and the less than adequate explanation of heterogeneity and risk of bias, etc. There is still a need to further improve the methodological quality of the systematic reviews and to promote the long-term development of evidence based medicine.
ObjectivesTo estimate the latest burden of disability adjusted life years (DALYs) for liver cancer in China and the long-term trend, and to make future prediction.MethodsBased on the visualization platform of Global Burden of Disease 2016, data on the DALYs for liver cancer in China was extracted. The very recent status in 2016 and the previous trend from 1990 to 2016 were described, using annualized rate of change (ARC). The burden from 2017 to 2050 was further predicted by combining the ARC and the Chinese population data projected by the United Nation.ResultsIn 2016, the total DALYs for liver cancer in China was estimated as 11 539 000 person years (accounting for 54.6% of the global burden), and years of life lost (YLLs) and years lived with disability (YLDs) contributed 98.9% and 1.1%, respectively. The age-standardized DALY rate was 844.1 per 100 000 (3.0 times of the global average) and the male-to-female ratio was 3.4. The DALY rate continuously increased from 1990–2016 (ARC=0.57%), particularly in recent 5 years (ARC=1.75%). Among the DALYs for all cancers, liver cancer contributed approximately 20% and constantly remained as the top 2 (ranking as the number one before year 2005). There were inverse trends in gender, with increasing in males and decreasing in females (ARC was 0.77% and –0.11%, respectively). Hepatitis B infection continually kept the leading cause of DALYs for liver cancer (accounting for nearly 57%), and the DALY rate was gradually increasing (ARC=0.43%). Although the peak age of DALY rate was stable at 65to 69 years, the peak age of the DALYs changed from 55 to 59 years in 1990 to 60 ~ 64 years in 2016. In 2050, the estimated DALYs for liver cancer in China will reach 14.37 million person years, 20.0% more than that in 2017.ConclusionsThe DALYs caused by liver cancer in China exceeds the overall burden of all other countries in the world, and accounts for 1/5 of DALYs for all cancers in local population. The burden in males has been continuously rising, and the leading cause remained unchanged as hepatitis B infection. With population aging, the DALYs for liver cancer in China will be incessant to increase, suggesting the necessity to implement continuous effort in risk factors prevention (e.g. hepatitis B infection), and efficient management in high risk population of liver cancer.
ObjectiveTo investigate the burden of disease in Xinjin county of Chengdu city from 2009 to 2010. so as to provide baseline data for the study on the healthcare service system.
MethodsThe prevalence of diseases among outpatients and inpatients in Xinjin county was collected and then analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2003 and SPSS 13.0 software.
Resultsa) The numbers of out-patient and in-patients with the top 20 diseases had been increased by 106.8% and 43.2%, respectively in 2010 than those in 2009. According to International Statistical Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10, the diagnosis of the diseases involved in 11 types of diseases among outpatients. For out-patients, the top 3 categories were diseases of respiratory, digestive systems and injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes, accounting for 85.06% and 82.69% of total diseases in 2009 and 2010, respectively. Among them, upper respiratory infections, acute bronchitis and superficial injury cumulatively accounted for 61.61% in 2009 and 59.53% in 2010. b) The diagnosis of the diseases involved in 12 types of diseases among in-patients. For in-patients, the top 4 categories were diseases of the respiratory system, pregnancy, disease during childbirth and puerperium, digestive and the circulatory systems. Among them, the diseases of the respiratory system accounted for 53.55% and 50.82% in 2009 and 2010, respectively. The top 4 diseases among in-patients were acute bronchitis, chronic bronchitis, COPD, and acute gastritis, accounting for 48.12% and 49.54% cumulatively in 2009 and 2010. Meanwhile, the prevalence of hypertension and diabetes increased dramatically into the top 10 diseases. c) The acute diseases were mainly distributed in township hospitals, while the chronic diseases were mainly distributed in county-level hospitals.
ConclusionThe major burden of diseases is the diseases of the respiratory, digestive and circulatory diseases in Xinjin county of Chengdu city from 2009 to 2010. The chronic diseases are mainly distributed in county-level hospitals, while the acute diseases are mainly distributed in township hospitals or community healthcare centres. The common diseases are relatively stable which provide better conditions for the selection and use of the essential medical services and essential medicine list.
ObjectiveTo explore the efficacy of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) by tracheoscopy intervention altimeter and analyze and compare its financial burden.MethodsRetrospective analysis of 419 hospitalized patients with CAP was carried in respiratory medicine department of four hospitals from July 1, 2017 to August 31, 2018 (Changhai Hospital, Shanghai First People’s Hospital, Baoshan Branch of Shanghai First People’s Hospital, and Baoshan Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital). According to the time of tracheoscopy intervention treatment, they were divided into 3 groups: 127 patients treated with tracheoscopy intervention during the initial treatment period (within 72 h after obtaining imaging diagnosis) were included in an early intervention group, 158 patients treated with tracheoscopy intervention 72 h after obtaining imaging diagnosis were included in a medium-term intervention group, and 134 patients treated without tracheoscopy intervention were included in a non-intervention group. The total efficiency of treatment, improvement of clinical symptoms, imaging absorption, serum inflammation index level, sputum culture positive rate, change rate, efficiency after drug change, hospital stay and hospitalization cost were compared among three groups.ResultsThe total efficiency of treatment in the early intervention group was higher than that of the medium-term intervention group and the non-intervention group, with statistically significant difference (P<0.05), and the time of normality of body temperature, the time of disappearance of strong sputum and cough in the early intervention group, the absorption time of chest X-rays were shorter than that of the medium-term intervention group and the non-intervention group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); peripheral blood hemoglobin, serum calcitonin and hypersensitive C reactive protein levels were lower than those in the medium-term intervention group and the non-intervention group, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05), and the sputum-positive and drug-change rates in the early intervention group and the medium-term intervention group were higher than those in the non-intervention group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); the duration of hospital stay in the early intervention group was shorter than that of the medium-term intervention group and the non-intervention group, and the cost of hospitalization was less than that of the medium-term intervention group and the non-intervention group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).ConclusionTracheoscopy intervention treatment in the initial period of CAP not only significantly improves the efficacy, but also significantly reduces treatment costs and length of hospitalization, hence it is worth clinical promotion.
ObjectivesTo systematically review the disease burden of osteoporotic fracture (OPF) in China.MethodsWe searched PubMed, EMbase, CNKI, WanFang Data and VIP database for observational studies of the disease burden of osteoporosis in China from inception to Jan 30th, 2018. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias of included studies.The descriptive analysis was used to analyze the economic burden of OPF in China.ResultsA total of 23 studies were included. The average cost of OPF was 27 561.27 yuan. Women were more prone to OPF than men. Hip and spinal fractures were the diseases which had higher average hospital costs.ConclusionsWomen are more prone to osteoporotic fractures than men. The higher hospital costs of OPF may cause the reason for growing financial burden of patients. Due to limited quality and quantity of the included studies, more high-quality studies are needed to verify conclusions.
ObjectiveTo analyze the trend of disease burden of colorectal cancer (CRC) in China from 1990 to 2019.MethodsData was obtained from Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (GBD 2019). Incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted life year (DALY), years of life lost (YLL), years lived with disability (YLD), and their corresponding standardized rate and annual average percentage change (AAPC) were used to describe the changes of disease burden of colorectal cancer in Chinese population between 1990 and 2019.ResultsCompared with 1990, the number of new cases, standardized incidence, the number of deaths and standardized mortality of CRC in China in 2019 increased by 474.03%, 144.01%, 230.14%, and 36.15%, respectively. The standardized mortality and standardized incidence of CRC in China had reached and gradually exceeded the global level since 2010. From 1990 to 2019, the overall standard incidence (AAPC=3.6%, P<0.05), standard mortality rate (AAPC=1.4%, P<0.05), and the standard DALY rate (AAPC=1.2%, P<0.05) of CRC in China showed an increasing trend. The incidence, mortality and DALY rates of males were higher than those of females, and gradually increased with age. Compared with 1990, the DALY, YLL, and YLD of CRC in 2019 increased by 134.3%, 127.69%, and 445.00%, and their corresponding standardized rates increased by 30.53%, 27.03%, and 187.29%, respectively, showing an overall upward trend.ConclusionsFrom 1990 to 2019, the standardized incidence rate and standardized mortality rate of colorectal cancer in China have had a continuously increasing trend, and males and the elderly are high-risk groups. To reduce the burden of colorectal cancer in China, effective measures should be taken for prevention and management.
