Objective To study the application of virtual reality bronchoscopy stimulation in novice trainees. Methods Four novice bronchoscopists entered the training programby using a VR bronchoscopy in the clinical skill center. After the program, the dexterity, speed, and accuracy of all the four doctors were tested using the virtual simulation models. Results were compared to four skilled physicians as control group who had performed at least 50 bronchoscopies. Before-training and after-training test scores were compared using paired t tests. For comparisons between after-training novice and skilled physician scores, unpaired twosample t tests were used. Results All of the four trainees finished the training program. The novices significantly improved their dexterity, speed and accuracy. The percentage of observed segments increased from ( 74. 0 ±5. 1) % to ( 89. 3 ±4. 0) % . The number of contacts with the bronchial wall decreased from 87. 5 ±13. 2 to 30. 5 ±9. 3, and total time spent shortened from ( 700. 8 ±56. 6) s to ( 607. 0 ±17. 8) s. There were no statistically significant differences between novice accuracy ( the percentage of observed segments) after training and skilled physician accuracy [ ( 89. 3 ±4. 0) % vs ( 91. 3 ±3. 0) % , P = 0. 456] . Conclusion Practice using a virtual bronchoscopy simulator help novice trainees to attain a level of skill at performing diagnostic bronchoscopy, and it might play an important role in the training of chest physicians.
Since the launch of anti-interleukin 5 monoclonal antibodies (anti-IL-5 mAbs), they have been widely used in various disease fields. The classic indications include severe eosinophilic asthma (SEA), chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA), hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Moreover, there is evidence suggesting that anti-IL-5 mAbs can also be used in the treatment of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) and other uncommon eosinophil (EOS)-related diseases. To standardize the clinical application of anti-IL-5 mAbs by clinicians, the expert group formulated a consensus by extensive review of high-quality clinical research data and authoritative guideline documents. The consensus paper was written based on the current best clinical evidence and Chinese clinical practice experience, aiming to provide authoritative reference and practical guidance for clinical colleagues in the standardized clinical use of anti-IL-5 mAbs. The content of this consensus covers the mechanism of anti-IL-5 mAbs, dosing regimens for different diseases, management strategies, etc. It emphasizes the importance of individualized diagnosis and treatment guided by biomarkers, long-term standardized follow-up, and multidisciplinary team collaboration.
