Objective
The aim of this study is to review the association between long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).
Method
The relevant literatures about lncRNA associated with PTC were retrospectively analyzed and summarized.
Results
The expression levels of noncoding RNA associated with MAP kinase pathway and growth arrest (NAMA), PTC susceptibility candidate 3 (PTCSC3), BRAF activated non-coding RNA (BANCR), maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3), NONHSAT037832, and GAS8-AS1 in PTC tissues were significantly lower than those in non-thyroid carcinoma tissues. The expression levels of ENST00000537266, ENST00000426615, XLOC051122, XLOC006074, HOX transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR), antisense noncoding RNA in the INK4 locus (ANRIL), and metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) in PTC tissues were upregulated in PTC tissues, comparing with the non-thyroid carcinoma tissues. These lncRNAs were possibly involved in cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of PTC.
Conclusion
LncRNAs may provide new insights into the molecular mechanism and gene-targeted therapy of PTC and become new molecular marker for the diagnosis of PTC.
Objective To investigate the changes of interleukin-17 ( IL-17) and the effects of propofol in rats with acute lung injury ( ALI) . Methods ALI model was established by hydrochloric acid ( HCl) inhalation in a dose of 2 mL/kg. 35 adultmale SD rats were randomly divided into seven groups, ie.a control group, a HCl group, and five propofol groups ( T24b , T12b , T0 , T1a , T3a groups, respectively) . The T0 ,T24b and T12b groups were pretreated with intraperitoneal propofol injection 0, 24 and 12 hours respectively before HCl inhalation. The T1a and T3a groups were managed by intraperitoneal propofol injection 1 and 3 hours respectively after HCl inhalation. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the expression of IL-17 in lung tissue. ELISA was adopted to detect the levels of IL-17 and IL-8 in lung tissue homogenate as well as in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid ( BALF) , meanwhile arterial partial pressure of oxygen ( PaO2 ) and myeloperoxidase ( MPO) were measured. Results Those rats in the HCl group appeared respiratory distress, cyanosis, pulmonary edema, and inflammatory cells infiltration in lung tissues after HCl inhalation.The IL-17 levels in lung tissue homogenate as well as in BALF were higher in the HCl group than those in the control group( all P lt; 0. 01) . IL-17 was mainly expressed in alveolar epithelial cells and mononuclear cells in the ALI rats and its expression level was higher than that in the control group. IL-17 concentration in lung tissue homogenate was both correlated with IL-8 concentration in lung tissue homogenate ( r=0. 98, P =0.003) and with the activity of MPO in lung tissue( r=0. 981, P =0. 003) in the HCl group. Mainwhile, a same significant correlation was found between IL-8 level in lung tissue homogenate and the MPO activity in the HCl group( r =0. 961, P =0. 009) . Propofol attenuated lung injury induced by HCl inhalation, especially in T24b group. The concentrations of IL-17 in lung tissue homogenate and in BALF were lower in T24b group when compared with the HCl group( P = 0. 011, P =0. 003, respectively) . Conclusions The expression of IL-17 increases in ALI rats. Pretreatment with propofol by 24 hours has obvious inhibiting effects on inflammatory reaction. Inhibiting IL-17 expression may be one of the mechanisms through which propofol inhibits the inflammatory reaction of ALI.
Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of levothyroxine (L-T4) combined with desiccated thyroid extract (DTE) in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) who had suboptimal response to long-term (≥6 months) thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) suppression therapy with L-T4 alone after surgery. MethodsA total of 123 eligible patients were prospectively enrolled and received TSH suppression therapy with DTE combined with L-T4. The Kaplan?Meier (KM) curve was used to analyze the TSH suppression rate and assess the efficacy of this combination therapy. The Thyroid-Related Patient-Reported Outcome-39 (THyPRO-39) questionnaire was used to assess the patient-reported symptoms before medication adjustment and at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after. ResultsAmong the 123 patients, 100 were ultimately included and completed follow-up, with a follow-up period of one year. After the first adjustment to L-T4+DTE combination therapy, the rate of TSH suppression was raised to 71% (71/100). The KM curve revealed that the TSH suppression rate gradually increased in the follow-uptime, with a cumulative rate of 82.0%. The median TSH suppression time to reach the standard was 1.4 months. Following L-T4+DTE combination therapy, the serum free Triiodothyronine (FT3) level significantly increased [(4.5±0.6) pmol/L vs. (5.5±1.1) pmol/L, P<0.001] but remained within the normal range, whereas the free thyroxine (FT4) level did not significantly change [(21.9±2.1) pmol/L vs. (21.5±3.0) pmol/L, P=0.075]. However, patients who did not achieve target levels exhibited a decrease in serum FT4 levels compared to baseline, and the magnitude of this decrease was significantly greater than that observed in the target-achieved group [–0.8 (–2.1, –0.9) pmol/L vs. –2.5 (–3.8, –0.8) pmol/L, P=0.022]. The questionnaire results indicated that the combined L-T4+DTE treatment regimen had no significant impact on quality of life scores during the follow-up period (χ2=4.006, P=0.548). Conversely, the hyperthyroidism symptom scores showed significant improvement over the treatment period (χ2=23.120, P<0.001), with the median scores demonstrating an overall downward trend. ConclusionFor postoperative DTC patients who fail to achieve TSH suppression with L-T4 monotherapy, L-T4+DTE combination therapy can significantly increase the TSH suppression attainment rate while alleviating thyrotoxicosis-related symptoms.
ObjectiveTo summarize the relationship between exosome and thyroid diseases.MethodThe literatures reports on exosomes and the physiology, pathology and diseases of thyroid were collected and reviewed.ResultsExosomes were secreted by cells and could be found in various body fluids, which could mediate the normal physiological development of the thyroid gland and play an important role in the progression of Graves’ disease. Exosomes could be used as diagnostic and differential diagnostic biomarkers for thyroid cancer and affect the growth, invasion, and metastasis of thyroid cancer. As a drug carrier for anti-thyroid cancer, exosome had a good targeting ability.ConclusionExosomes play an important role in the development of various diseases of the thyroid gland, which have good application prospects in biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognostic evaluation, as well as targeted drug carriers for thyroid cancer.
ObjectiveTo compare the citations of Chinese literature in the 2015 and 2025 editions of the American Thyroid Association (ATA) guidelines, aiming to evaluate the progress in the field of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) research in China. MethodsChinese literature cited in the 2015 and 2025 ATA guidelines was collected and cataloged. A comparison was conducted between the two editions regarding the number of publications, source journals, affiliated institutions and their regional distribution, research types, and research foci of the cited literature. Results ① Changes in the quantity and regional distribution of Chinese citations: in the 2025 ATA guideline, the proportion of Chinese literature cited increased by nearly two times compared to the 2015 ATA guideline [8.8% (128/1 458) vs. 3.3% (36/1 078), P＜0.001]. The number of source journals increased by nearly three times (74 vs. 21), the number of contributing cities nearly doubled (29 vs. 13), and the number of involved healthcare institutions increased by nearly three times (65 vs. 18). In terms of regional distribution, compared to the 2015 ATA guideline, where institutions producing cited literature were mainly located in the Taiwan region (11 publications), the Hong Kong region (11 publications), and coastal and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei rigions of the Chinese mainland (12 publications), the 2025 ATA guideline showed a expansion of distribution to medical centers in regions such as Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Chengdu, and Changchun. Among these, West China Hospital of Sichuan University had the highest number of cited publications nationwide (20 publications). The proportion of cited literature from institutions in the Chinese mainland increased significantly compared to that from the Taiwan and Hong Kong regions [69.2% (45/65) vs. 16.9% (11/65) and 13.8% (9/65)]. ② Changes in research types of cited literature: clinical research constituted the majority [100% (36/36) and 97.7% (125/128), respectively] of the cited Chinese literature in both the 2015 and 2025 ATA guidelines. However, three basic research studies appeared in the 2025 ATA guideline. Cited literature in both editions was predominantly single-center studies [86.7% (26/30) and 93.8% (90/96), respectively]. ③ Changes in research foci of cited literature: the number of research foci involved in the 2025 ATA guideline (19 foci) increased by nearly doubled compared to the 2015 ATA guideline (11 foci). Among them, iodine-131 therapy was the most cited research focus in both editions. Among research foci with ≥5 citations, besides traditional areas such as tumor staging and prognosis, and surgical methods and extent which remained top-ranked, the ranking of recurrent laryngeal nerve protection rose. The ranking of some traditional research foci, such as molecular markers, imaging, preoperative diagnosis, declined. Notable newly prominent or significantly changed foci included ablation therapy (12 publications, ranked 2nd), comprehensive treatment (11 publications), lymph node metastasis (10 publications), parathyroid protection (7 publications), thyroid cancer and pregnancy risks (5 publications), and active surveillance (5 publications). ConclusionsCompared to the 2015 ATA guideline, the 2025 ATA guideline cites a higher proportion of Chinese literature, demonstrates a wider geographical distribution of publication origins (expanding from Taiwan region, Hong Kong region, and coastal developed area to major regional centers across China), and covered broader and more in-depth research foci. This suggests that the field of DTC in China has undergone robust development in recent years, with a gradual shift from traditional focuses such as cure rate and recurrence rate towards improving long-term quality of life, developing individualized, and precise comprehensive management models. China is playing an increasingly important role in establishing global DTC diagnostic and treatment standards. However, high-quality prospective, multicenter, randomized controlled trials remain to be strengthened.
