This paper focuses on whether masking signal with natural sounds is an effective way for mitigating annoyance caused by monotone-like tinnitus. Four natural sounds, pink noise, and narrow bandwidth noise were applied as maskers in the present study shown in this paper. Two monotones were applied as maskees. As a basis for research, natural sounds do not necessarily mask monotones entirely. According to the results, spring water and rain noise can be selected as effective noise for masking monotones. In the case of monotones with different frequency, the same masker performed a little differently on masking. We preliminarily demonstrated the feasibility of natural sounds for masking monotone-like tinnitus, which is of great use for improving maskers in tinnitus masking therapy.
The ideological and political education in standardized residency training plays an important role in cultivating medical talents with noble medical ethics and exquisite medical skills. Teaching evaluation is an important method to promote teaching improvement and optimization. However, there are still some problems and challenges in the evaluation of ideological and political education for standardized residency training. This article proposes the ideological and political education of standardized residency training can be comprehensively evaluated by the context-input-process-product evaluation model from four aspects: background, input, process, and result evaluation. The aim is to provide solid support and guidance for the ideological and political education route in standardized residency training.
Objective To investigate the information of label use of high-alert drugs for children of high risk population, in the Military General Hospital of Beijing PLA. Methods We selected high-alert drugs used in this hospital as objectives. The package inserts of these drugs were investigated and medication parts for children were analyzed. Results 201 drugs regarded as high-alert drugs were included, of which only 78 drugs have accurate detailed description of medication for children, accounting for 38.8% of the total of investigated high-alert drugs. Conclusion Children, as high-risk population, needs more attention concerning the use of high-alert drugs. However, risks in the use of high-alert drugs increased due to the lack of the information of label use of high-alert drugs. To ensure the safety of drug use in children, the information of drug use for children in the package inserts should be urgently supplemented.
ObjectiveTo evaluate the value and experience of a multi-disciplinary team (MDT) approach in the management of patients with lower extremity arteriosclerosis obliterans (ASO). MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted of 46 consecutive patients with ASO who were treated with MDT model at Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, from May 2021 to April 2024. All subjects had critical limb ischemia (Rutherford grade 4 or more) and at least one major organ dysfunction. Overall mortality, above-ankle amputation rate, and below-ankle amputation rate were recorded. The frequency and depth of involvement of each specialty in the MDT process were also documented. ResultsOf the 46 patients, 37 (80.4 %) were male and 9 (19.6 %) were female, with a mean age of (74.33±11.8) years. Major comorbidities included diabetes mellitus in 40 cases, cardiac disease in 30, hypertension in 31, renal insufficiency in 22, prior cerebral infarction in 14, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in 11. Overall mortality was 13.04% (6/46). The total amputation rate was 32.61% (15/46), comprising above-ankle amputation in 19.57% (9/46) and below-ankle amputation in 13.04% (6/46). Seventeen disciplines participated in the MDT; in addition to vascular surgery, the most actively involved departments were endocrinology, cardiology, and nephrology. ConclusionThe MDT model offers unique advantages in the management of critical lower-extremity ASO. By coordinating revascularization timing, extent, and modality, prioritizing comorbid conditions, tailoring operative plans, and optimizing peri-operative support, the MDT approach reduces mortality, improves limb-salvage rates, and enhances both prognosis and quality of life.
