Objective To verify the applicability of AGREE-China and select high-quality clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) or consensus for the management of fragility fractures (FF) in China by evaluating their methodological quality. Methods CBM, CNKI, WanFang Data, VIP databases and related CPGs websites were electronically searched. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data, and checked each other. Quality appraisal of CPGs or consensus were evaluated by AGREE Ⅱ and AGREE-China, and weighted Kappa value and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated to illustrate the consistency of the two tools. Results Nine CPGs and sixteen consensuses were included. Among the six domains in AGREE Ⅱ, "scope and purpose" domain (62.22%) scored higher than "clarity of presentation" domain (45.67%). The "stakeholder involvement" domain (34.89%) and "applicability" domain (38.17%) both exceeded 30%, while "rigor of development" domain (18.79%) and "editorial independence" domain (13.33%) were lower. Among the five domains in AGREE-China, "conflict of interest" domain (72.80%) was higher, followed by "usability/feasibility" domain (49.87%), while "scientificity/preciseness" domain (20.36%), "effectiveness/safety" domain (25.20%) and "economic efficiency" domain (14.40%) were lower. The weighted Kappa value of recommendations from the two tools was 0.694 (P<0.001), showing moderate consistency. ICC values of the same items and two evaluators were all greater than 0.85 (P<0.001) with high consistency. Three high-quality CPGs were consistently selected by the two tools. Conclusion AGREE Ⅱ holds high consistency with AGREE-China; however, AGREE-China is more suitable for the quality appraisal of Chinese CPGs or consensus. The methodological quality of CPGs or consensus for the management of FF in China needs to be further improved.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate a treatment method for overtime avulsion of scalp. METHODS: Form October 1992 to July 2001, we treated 7 cases of avulsed scalp, which had been wounded more than 12 hours and accompanied with shock and head wound, with split thickness scalp skin grafting. RESULTS: Except for partial necrosis of scalp in center of bare area of skull, more than 90% of grafting split thickness scalp skin survived in 4 cases and more than 80% in 3 cases, and presented satisfactory appearance during following up. The bare area had no periosteum above 4 cm in diameter needed to graft split thickness skin after skull was covered granulation tissue. CONCLUSION: The limits of time of scalp skin grafting will be prolonged as long as the processes are settled properly to maintain the skin of body.
OBJECTIVE This paper is aimed to observe the long-term result of reconstruction of wrist joint by replacing distal end of radius with vascularized fibular head in patient of giant tumor. METHODS From July 1978 to November 1993, 12 cases of giant tumor of distal end of radius were treated by this procedure and followed up for 6 months to 15 years, and the movement range of wrist, grip strength, and pain were evaluated. RESULTS The painful wrist released in 11 cases, only one case still existed mild pain and felt discomfortable. The average range of movement of wrist joint was 34.05 degree in volar flexion, 52.80 degree in dorsal extension, 26.25 degree in ulnar deviation, and 19.75 degree in radial deviation, and average grip strength was 44.6 kg. Compared with the contralateral side, there were accounted for 46.2%, 72.7%, 76.1%, 80.6%, and 76.7% respectively. CONCLUSION Replacement of distal end of radius with fibular head to reconstruct wrist joint can restore function of carpal joint, which is proved to be a safe and effective method.
Objective To establish a good method and culture system to isolate skin stem cell and expand it in vitro so as to lay a foundation for exploring the proliferation and differentiation mechanism of skin stem cell. Methods Skin stem cells were obtained by explant culture and identified by using alkaline phosphatase(ALP) staining and differentiating experiment in vitro. Stem cell was induced by the cocktail of conditional medium with cell growth factor (insulin like growth factor and epidermal growth factor). Results Skin stem cell colonies were derived from ear skin tissues of adult dairy goats. The colonies had some characteristics of embryonic stem cells, such as the ability to be continously passaged (Passage 5) and the morphology nest-like. They continued to be ALP positive and had the capacity of forming embryoid bodies. These cells were pluripotent and stem-like cells. In vitro these stem cell can be induced to be Follicle-like structure, Astrocyte-like cells, osteoblast-like cell. Conclusion Explant culture is a good method to isolate skin stem cell, which can be induced to be committed differentiation and trans-differentiation.
Objective To investigate the development of biofilm research over the last 10 years in China based on a bibliometric approach. Methods We searched PubMed (1997 to 2007), China Hospital Knowledge Database (1997 to 2007), and VIP Chinese Journal Database (1997 to 2007). Quality assessment and data collection were performed by two reviewers independently. The amount of literature, research institutions, financial assistance, and contents of biofilm research were analyzed. Results A total of 240 Chinese papers were included. Colleges were the leading research institutions in China, and most of research focused on pseudomonas aeruginosa and staphylococci, primarily based on in vitro models. Available antibiotics were the main measures for biofilm control. Only 4 RCTs with a C grade in terms of methodological quality were included. Conclusion Biofilm research in China can keep pace with the international development, but its integration with engineering, material science and immunology needs to be strengthened.
Abstract: Objective To study the expression of E-selectin on vascular endothelial cells of nude mice liver induced by esophageal carcinoma cells, in order to find out the function of E-selectin in the metastasis of esophageal carcinoma into the liver. Methods Twelve Balb/c nude mice aged from 6 to 8 weeks with their weight ranged between 20 and 25 grams were selected in our research. The mice were equally distributed into the experimental group and the control group(n=6). EC9706 cell solution (5×10.6/0.02 ml) were injected beneath the splenic capsule of the mice in the experimental group. One hour later, spleen was removed. For the mice in the control group, after laparotomy, phosphate buffer without EC 9706 was injected beneath the splenic capsule and spleen was also removed one hour after the injection. Eight hour later, we resected the liver of the nude mice, and expression of E-selectin on vascular endothelial cells of the liver was detected with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results In the experimental group, 8 hours after injection of EC9706 cells (5×10.6), the results of RT-PCR showed expression of E-selectin mRNA in the liver, and IHC showed a positive protein expression of E-selectin in the cytosol and membrane of hepatic sinus vessels.However, no E-selectin mRNA expression was found in the control group and IHC showed a negative protein expression of E-selectin. Conclusion Human esophageal carcinoma cell line EC9706 can induce balb/c mice liver vascular endothelial cell E-selectin expression, which shows that EC9706 may stay in the liver and form etastatic focus.
ObjectiveTo systematically review the willingness rate of the first consultation in primary health care institutions among Chinese residents.MethodsCNKI, WanFang Data, VIP, PubMed, Web of Science and EMbase databases were electronically searched to collect cross-sectional studies on the willingness rate of the first consultation in primary health care institutions of residents in China from January 2006 to November 2020. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies; meta-analysis was then performed using Stata 14.1 software.ResultsA total of 26 cross-sectional studies involving 36 430 subjects were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that the willingness rate of Chinese residents for the first consultation in primary health care institutions was 61.4% (95%CI 54.5% to 68.3%). The results of subgroup analysis showed that for the willingness rates of the first treatment at the grassroots level in male and female residents were 65.6% and 64.9%; urban and rural residents were 49.9% and 58.9%; <60 and ≥60 years old residents were 60.5% and 71.6%; primary school and below, junior high school, high school or technical secondary school, junior college or above educational level residents were 72.8%, 68.1%, 64.2%, and 52.8%; employees, residents, and other types of insurance residents were 74.1%, 75.9%, and 64.4%; residents with monthly income <3 000, 3 000-5 000, and >5 000 yuan were 65.8%, 65.3%, and 58.5%; high, medium, and poor levels of health status residents were 56.8%, 52.6%, and 48.8%; with and without chronic diseases residents were 61.0% and 56.9%; with and without spouse residents were 63.9% and 64.6%; with and without contracted family doctor residents were 87.1% and 62.6%; on duty, retired, and other employment status residents were 70.7%, 69.9% and 71.5%; primary medical institutions residents those were satisfied, average, and dissatisfied were 77.3%, 60.7%, and 49.4%.ConclusionsCurrent evidence suggests that it remains room for improvement in the level of willingness of Chinese residents for first consultation in primary health care institutions. Residence, age, educational level, type of medical insurance, income level, health level, family doctors contracted status, and satisfaction with primary medical institutions have an impact on residents' willingness to receive first treatment at primary hospitals. Due to limited quality and quantity of the included studies, more high quality studies are needed to verify above conclusions.
Objective To analyze the epidemic trend of prostate cancer in China from 1992 to 2021, and predict its epidemic trends from 2022 to 2032. Methods Based on the data of Chinese population and prostate cancer incidence and mortality from Global Burden of Disease Database, the Joinpoint log-linear model was used to analyze the trends of prostate cancer incidence and mortality, use the age-period-cohort model to analyze the effects of age, period and cohort on changes in incidence and mortality, and the gray prediction model was used to predict the trends of prostate cancer. Results From 1992 to 2021, the incidence and mortality of prostate cancer in China showed an upward trend, with AAPC of 5.652% (P<0.001) and 3.466% (P<0.001), and the AAPC of age-standardized incidence decreased to 1.990% (P<0.001), the age-standardized mortality showed a downward trend and was not statistically significant. The results of the age-period-cohort model showed that the net drift values of prostate cancer incidence and mortality were 3.03% and ?1.06%, respectively, and the risk of incidence and mortality gradually increased with age and period. The results of the grey prediction model showed that the incidence and mortality of prostate cancer showed an upward trend from 2022 to 2032, and the incidence trend was more obvious. Conclusion The incidence and mortality of prostate cancer in China showed an increasing trend, with a heavy disease burden and severe forms of prevention and control, so it is necessary to do a good job in monitoring the incidence and mortality of prostate cancer, and strengthen the efficient screening, early diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer.
ObjectiveTo analyze the epidemic trend of thyroid cancer in China from 2005 to 2018, and understand the estimated epidemiological situation of thyroid cancer in China in 2022 based on the thyroid cancer registration data reported by the National Cancer Registration Center and the China Cancer Registration Annual Report. MethodsThe cases of new thyroid cancer and deaths in China were analyzed according to the data of approximately 700 cancer registries in 2018 and the data of 106 cancer registries from 2005 to 2018, then stratified by sex, age, urban and rural areas, and main regions in China. And the estimated incidence and mortality of thyroid cancer in China in 2022 were analyzed based on the population data in 2020. Results① The age standardized incidence rate (ASIR) and age standardized mortality (ASMR) of thyroid cancer in China from 2005 to 2018: in the whole population, the ASIR showed a relatively rapid upward trend and the ASMR showed a relatively slower upward trend; The ASIR and ASMR of men were lower than those of women and the trend of change was also slower than that of women; The ASIR of thyroid cancer in the whole urban population was markedly higher than that in the rural population and the average annual rising rate (AARR) in the urban and rural areas was 6.31% and 0.38% respectively, while the ASMR had no obviously difference between the urban and rural populations (the AARR was 3.23% and 2.33% respectively); The ASIR of thyroid cancer was the highest in the eastern region with a markedly rising, but its ASMR had a relatively lower rising rate, while the ASIR in the western region was relatively lower and the ASMR also showed a downward trend, and the ASMR in the central region had a relatively obvious rising rate. ② The estimated incidence and mortality of thyroid cancer in China in 2022: the estimated ASIR and ASMR of the whole population in 2022 was still rising as compared with in 2018 (ASIR: 24.64 per 100 000 vs. 12.01 per 100 000; ASMR: 0.45 per 100 000 vs. 0.37 per 100 000 ); The estimated ASIR and ASMR in women were still much higher than in men (ASIR: 36.51 per 100 000 vs. 13.25 per 100 000; ASMR: 0.55 per 100 000 vs. 0.35 per 100 000); Among the urban and rural populations, the estimated ASIR in urban was still higher than in rural areas (27.87 per 100 000 vs. 17.66 per 100 000), while the estimated ASMR had no marked difference between them (0.41 per 100 000 vs. 0.52 per 100 000). Compared with 2018, the development trend of the ASIR was still rising (urban: 27.87 per 100 000 vs. 15.58 per 100 000; rural: 17.66 per 100 000 vs. 8.95 per 100 000). The age specific ASIR of thyroid cancer showed a marked sex differences, that is, it began to rise rapidly from the 20–30 years old group, and reached the peak at the 45–50 years old group (the highest ASIR was 97.00 per 100 000) in women; However, which had been in a slower upward trend from the 0 to 20 years old group, while it had been rising rapidly from the 20 to 25 years old group, reaching the peak at the 30–35 years old group (the highest ASIR was 31.60 per 100 000) in men. The overall trend of age specific ASMR for thyroid cancer was similar for both males and females, with a slower increase starting from the 0–35 years old age group and continuous rising till 85 years old and above. ConclusionsThe incidence and mortality of thyroid cancer in China are rising, and the disease burden is still severe and the differences are existed in urban and rural areas, sex, age, and main regions. Overall, the prevention and control situation is complex and severe in China.
ObjectiveTo systematically review the detection rate of sub-health status of Chinese college students. MethodsThe CNKI, WanFang Data, CBM, VIP, PubMed, EMbase and Web of Science databases were searched to collect cross-sectional studies on the detection rate of sub-health among Chinese college students from inception to February 1, 2023. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted data and evaluated the risk of bias of the included studies. Meta-analysis was performed using Stata 17.0 software. At the same time, GIS technology was used to analyze the spatial distribution of the detection rate of sub-health status of college students in China. ResultsA total of 44 articles were included, with a total sample size of 63 435 cases, including 29 255 cases of sub-health status. The results of meta-analysis showed that the detection rate of sub-health status of Chinese college students was 51.2% (95%CI 44.1 to 58.4). The temporal distribution showed a gradual decrease in the detection rate of sub-health states among college students between 2016 and 2020, with a rebound after 2020. The detection rates of sub-health states among college students in different regions and survey instruments varied significantly, with 74.1%, 61.8%, 58.4%, 56.1%, 47.0%, 42.3% and 21.6% in Southwest, Northeast, South, North, Central, East and Northwest China, respectively. The detection rates of sub-health states among college students in Jilin, Sichuan and Hebei provinces were the top 3, and Shanxi province had the lowest detection rate. ConclusionThe detection rate of university sub-health status in China is high, and the detection rate decreased significantly from 2016 to 2020, with a rebound trend in recent years, and there are differences in the detection rate of university sub-health status in different regions and survey instruments. Due to the limitation of the quality and quantity of the included studies, the above findings need to be verified by more high-quality literature.
