This paper mainly introduces the design, advantages, disadvantages and its application of single case of randomized controlled trials (N-of-1 trials), and also introduces the commonly used data analysis methods of N-of-1 trials including nonparametric test and parameter test methods (t-test, paired t-test, analysis of variance), mixed-effects model, and meta-analysis. N-of-1 trials are suitable for individualized treatment, and could be expected to be widely used in the research of modern medicine and traditional Chinese medicine.
