Ocular myasthenia gravis (OMG) is the most common clinical phenotype of myasthenia gravis, and patients often first present to ophthalmology clinics due to symptoms such as ptosis and/or diplopia. The clinical manifestations of OMG are highly heterogeneous and can easily be confused with various extraocular muscle paralysis disorders, leading to misdiagnosis or underdiagnosis. Notably, more than half of OMG patients may progress to generalized myasthenia gravis within two years after disease onset, which can be life-threatening in severe cases. Therefore, achieving early and accurate identification and diagnosis of OMG not only alleviate patients' ocular symptoms and improve their quality of life, but also reduces the risk of generalized conversion through timely intervention. However, in current clinical practice, the diagnosis and management of OMG are often delayed, highlighting the urgent need to standardize diagnostic and management pathways and establish multidisciplinary collaboration models to improve overall patient prognosis.
