Objective To evaluate the relationship between endothelin (ET) in bile and peripheral blood with systemic and hepatobiliary injury in patients with acute cholangitis of severe type (ACST). Methods ET, ALT and total bilirubin in bile and peripheral veinous blood of 25 patients with acute cholangitis of severe type (ACST) were detected during operation, one week and two weeks after operation. Results The contents of ET, ALT and total bilirubin were significantly lower on 7-day and 14-day after operations as compared with that during operations (Ｐ＜0.05 and Ｐ＜0.01). The concentration of ET in peripheral veinous blood paralleled with that in bile. Conclusion This suggests that ET is tightly related with the pathologic process of ACST. So, in patients with ACST, the dynamic measurement of ET in peripheral veinous blood can be an index for judging the degree of pathological damage either to the hepatobiliary or systemic systems.
Objective To investigate the correlation between the plasma endothelin (ET) and gastric mucosal pathology.MethodsIn this experiment,seven dogs who experienced common bileduct ligation were in experiment group, the other three dogs who underwent shamoperation were control group. By using specific radio immunological method, the plasma ET levels were determined in dogs before and after 1,4,7 d. The total bilirubin levels were determined before and after 1,4,7 d after operation by using carbazotic acid method.The gastric mucosa,7 d after operation, was cut into slices and was examined under the electron microscope and the light microscope.Results In the experiment group,the levels of ET and total bilirubin rose continually and were higher than those in control group. Vascular congestion and oedema were seen in gastric mucosa of common bileduct ligated dogs. Under the electron microscope, we could see the dilated blood capillary and sludging of blood,the intenstitial mucusa cells oedema. Conclusion The increase of plasma ET might lead to impairment of mucosal microcirculation,which might be one of the pathogens that could induce the gastric mucosal damages in common bileduct ligated dogs.
Objective To introduce the mechanisms of graft injuries after small-for-size liver transplantation and protective measures. Methods Recently relevant literatures were reviewed and summarized. Results Portal hypertension after small-for-size liver transplantation induces mechanical injuries as well as hepatic sinusoidal microcirculation disturbance and cytokines release, which worsened the injuries. Decrease portal pressure by surgery or drug could improve grafts function. ConclusionComprehending the mechanisms of graft injuries will contribute a lot for the living donor liver transplantation.
Objective To investigate the role of endothelin（ET） in lung injury during cardiopulmonary bypass （CPB） and study the possible mechanism of ET-mediated lung injury and the protective effect of ferulic acid（FA） during the procedure. Methods Twelve dogs were randomly divided into 2 groups and models of CPB with pulmonary perfusion were established by perfusion of 4 C FA solution through proximal pulmonary artery in the experiment group while control group only received 4 C crystal cardiac arrest solution without pulmonary perfusion. Changes in the content of ET, NO, malonaldehyde （MDA）, dry to wet （D/W） in lung tissue and lung function- related indices PaO2/FiO2, airway pressure （AWP）, pulmonary vascular resistance （PVR）, lung compliance before and after CPB in both groups were measured respectively. Results ET content increased after CPB in control group （P〈0. 05） ,while experiment group had a lower level of ET than that of control group （P〈0.05）; D/W, MDA levels in experiment group decreased （P〈0. 05）, but NO content increased （P〈0. 05） as compared with control group. After pulmonary perfusion with FA, PaO2/FiO2 and lung compliance values in experiment group were higher than those of control group （P〈0.05）,AWP, PVR values lowered accordingly（P〈0. 05）. Lung injury was less severe in the experiment group. Conclusion ET is involved in pathogenesis of lung injury during CPB, FA can effectively reduce lung injury and improve lung function thus having a good protective effect on the lung.
Objective To research the changes in plasma endothelin, LPS, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 in the patients with obstructive jaundice (OJ) and non-obstructive jaundice (NOJ) after surgery. Methods The plasma ET, LPS, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 were measured in 15 patients without jaundice as controls. Results As compared with NOJ, the postoperative changes of ET, LPS, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 in OJ group increased significantly at multiple time points (P＜0.05). Conclusion There is interaction between ET,LPS, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 and damage to multiple organ function in patients with OJ after surgery.
Objective To investigate the serumlevel of endothelin-1 ( ET-1) in patients with acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome ( ALI/ARDS) and its clinical significance. Methods Thirty-one ALI/ARDS patients received mechanical ventilation in ICUand 25 normal subjects were recruited in the study. The patients who died in two weeks fell in death group, and the patients who did not died in two weeks fell in survival group. The serum level of ET-1 measured by EIA method were compared between thepatients with different severity of lung injury [ evaluated by American-European Consensus Conference on ARDS ( AECC) criteria and lung injury score( LIS) ] , and between the patients with different prognosis ( death or survival ) . The correlation was analyzed between the level of ET-1 and clinical parameters.Results The ET-1 level was higher in the ALI/ARDS patients than that in the control subjects [ ( 6. 18 ±4. 48) ng/L vs. ( 2. 68 ±1. 34) ng/L, P lt;0. 05] . There was no significant difference in the patients with different severity [ ALI vs. ARDS, ( 5. 43 ±4. 39) ng/L vs. ( 7. 01 ±4. 51) ng/L, P gt; 0. 05; LIS≤2. 5 vs.LISgt;2. 5, ( 5. 93 ±5. 21) ng/L vs. ( 6. 68 ±2. 76) ng/L, P gt; 0. 05] . The ET-1 level in the death group continued to increase, and higher than that in the survival group on the 5th day [ ( 7. 96 ±3. 30) ng/L vs.( 4. 36 ±3. 29) ng/L, P lt; 0. 05] . The ET-1 level was positively correlated with SIRS, SAPSⅡ and APACHEⅡ ( r = 0. 359, 0. 369 and 0. 426, respectively, P lt; 0. 05 ) , and negatively correlated with PaO2 /FiO2 and AaDO2 ( r = - 0. 286 and - 0. 300, respectively, P lt;0. 05) . Conclusion The measurementof serum ET-1 can help to evaluate the severity and prognosis of ALI/ARDS patients.
【Abstract】Objective To study the protective effects of anisodamine on liver ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Methods One hundred and sixty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into the normal control (n=10), ischemiareperfusion (n=50), normal saline (n=50) and anisodamine (n=50, 2.0 mg/kg) groups. The animals were killed 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 hours after ischemia induced for 60 minutes and followed by reperfusion. Plasma endothelin-1 (ET-1), hyaluronic acid (HA), glutamic-pyruvic transaminase enzyme (ALT) were measured, and the hepatic histopathologic alterations were also observed. Results The plasma ET-1, HA and ALT concentrations were markedly increased after liver ischemiareperfusion.The hepatic congestion was significantly obvious. An intravenous injection of anisodamine before ischemiareperfusion could decrease the plasma HA and ALT concentrations and relieve the hepatic congestion. Conclusion Anisodamine can improve hepatic microcirculatory disturbances after reperfusion and have hepatoprotictive effects on rat liver ischemia-reperfusion injury.
ObjectiveTo study the effect of endothelin receptor antagonist on recent outcome of patients undergoing Fontan surgery.
MethodsThirty nine patients who received Fontan procedure from January 2009 to December 2010 in Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital were recruited in the study. There were 25 males and 14 females with mean age of 8.02±4.98 years (ranged from 2.5 to 18.0 years). According to the admission number, the patients were randomly divided into an endothelin receptor antagonists group (bosentan group, n=16) and a control group (n=23). The bosentan group received bosentan treatment by gastric fill or oral according to the recommended dose in three days after surgery for over 7 days. The control group did not receive any pulmonary hypertension targeted therapy. On the 10th day after surgery, indexes including mortality etc in the two groups were compared.
ResultsNo death occurred in the bosentan group. One patient died on the 5th day after operation in the control group. There was no significant difference in the postoperative mortality. The patients in the bosentan group got significantly better results than the control group in cardiac function, incidence of pleural effusion, vasoactive drugs score, and serum B-type natriuretic peptide, albumin, alanine aminotransferase on the 10th day (P < 0.05); while the 6-minute walk distance, transcutaneous oxygen saturation, white blood cell count, C-reactive protein, cardiac troponin I, and creatinine of the two groups showed no statistical difference (P > 0.05).
ConclusionEndothelin receptor antagonists can improve the short-term outcome of patients after Fontan surgery.
ObjectiveTo explore the effect of hypertonic saline (HTS) pretreatment on levels of nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin-1(ET-1) and their correlation in hepatic ischemia reperfusion (HIR) injury in rats.
MethodsThe HIR injury models were made by using Pringle, s maneuver in 45 healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, which were randomly divided into three groups (n=15):sham operation (SO) group, HIR group, and HTS group. The animals were killed at 1, 6, and 24 h after reperfusion. The levels of serum NO and ET-1 were measured respectively, the correlation between NO level and ET-1 level at 6 h after reperfusion was analyzed.
ResultsAt the time points of 1 h, 6 h, and 24 h after reperfusion, the serum NO levels in the HTS group and HIR group were all significantly lower than those in the SO group (P < 0.01), but the serum ET-1 levels were all significantly higher than those in the so group (P < 0.01). The serum NO levels at the time points of 1 h, 6 h, and 24 h in the HTS group were significantly higher than those at the same time in the HIR group (P < 0.01), but the serum ET-1 levels in the HTS group were significantly lower than those in the HIR group (P < 0.01). At all the time points, every detected goal had more marked level at the time point of 6 h after reperfusion. The NO level was negatively correlated with the ET-1 level.
ConclusionsHTS could change levels of serum NO and ET-1 after HIR injury, and which has a negative correlation. Its mechanism might probably stimulate serum NO level and reduce the ET-1 level through some way so as to enable both dynamic balance to the benign development direction and achieve a protective effect.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate relationship between plasma endotbelin(ET)and serum angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)levels and diabetic retinopathy (DR).
METHODS: Plasma ET and serum ACE levels were measured in 62 patients with diabetes mellitus(DM) and in 30 normal control subjects with radioimmunoassay and ultraviolet-spectrophotometry.
RESULTS:Plasma ET and serum ACE levels in patients with DR were significantly higher than in patients without DR (P＜0.01). Along with the progression of DR,plasma ET levels were significantly elevated and serum ACE levels were gradually elevated.
CONCLUSIONS :These findings suggest that increased plasma ET and serum ACE levels may be related to the development and progression of DR.
（Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,1996,12: 177-179）
