Objective
To investigate the morbidity of ocular fundus diseases in Tibetan above 40 in Maqin county, Qinghai Province.
Methods
A total of 2511 Tibetan above 40 in Maqin county, Qinghai Province were seelected by cluster sampling method. The sampling survey of ocular fundus diseases was performed on the individuals with indirect ophthalmoscope, and the results were compared with the domestic existing epidemiological data.
Results
Two hundred and thirty five (9.35%) cases were found to have abnormal ocular fundus, and the blindness rate due to the abnormal ocular fundus was 20.5% (80/391 eyes) which was lower than the blindness rate due to cataract (52.5%). Low vision and blindness led by ocular fundus diseases were found in 155 eyes (65.96%)，including 74(47.74%) with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and 23 (9.79%) with retinoangiopathy.
Conclusions
The morbidity of ocular fundus disorder is higher in high plateau than that in backland; AMD and retinoangiopathy are the main diseases leading to blindness.
(Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2006, 22: 321-323)
OBJECTlVE:To evaluate the value of inhibiting effect of the verapamil(Ver)on human selcral fibroblast (HSF).
METHODS:The rate al inhibition of Ver,5-Fu,heparin(Hep)and
dexamethasone(Dex)to cultured HSF was respectively determined by MTT method and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. In addition,the rate of inhibition of Ver associated with 5-Fu Hep and
Dex to cultured HSF was respectively determined.
RESULTS:The rate of cellular proliferation of cultured HSF was found to be significantly reduced(Plt;0.05),when the concentration of Ver was
20mg/L,and further reduced when 5-Fu,Hep or Dex was added even in smaller dose (5~10mg/L)of Ver.
CONCLUSION: Tbe effect of inhibition of cellular proliferation of 5-Fu, Hep and Dex in eye could be enbenced by Ver.
（Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,1996,12: 98-100）
Objective To observe the clinical features, phenotypes and genotypes in a Chinese family with choroideremia (CHM). Methods A Chinese four-generation family (15 members) with CHM, including 5 patients (4 males/1 female), 2 female carriers and 8 healthy members, was enrolled in this study. Initially all family members underwent best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), indirect ophthalmoscopy, fundus fluorescein angiography, optical coherence tomography (OCT), visual field and full view electroretinogram (ERG). BCVA was followed up for 3 years. Venous blood samples were collected, and all of the 15 coding exons and flanking intron regions were amplified in the proband by polymerase chain reaction followed by direct sequencing. Protein structure was modeled based on the protein data bank and mutations in DeepView v4.0.1 to predict the effect of the mutations. A total of 180 healthy volunteers were enrolled as control group to matching CHM gene sequences. Results The visual acuity (VA) of 3/4 adult male patients began to decrease at less than 10, 10 and 30 years old, the average BCVA was 0.43. There were characteristic signs and symptoms of CHM including narrow visual field, extinguished rod and cone response in ERG, disappeared junction line and intermediate line of photoreceptor inner segment/outer segment on OCT. After 3 years, the mean BCVA decreased to 0.11. The BCVA of one young male patient was 1.0 in both eyes with minor changes fundus and visual field. The VA of the female patient began to decrease at 50 years old, her BCVA of two eyes were 0.5 and 0.25, respectively. The fundus changes were typical of CHM, with relative scotomas in the peripheral visual field of OD, and big scotomas in the OS. After 3 years, her mean BCVA decreased to 0.2. Of 2 female carriers, one had minor fundus changes (patches of pigmentary deposits, atrophy spots of retinal pigment epithelium cells), and the other was normal. A novel heterozygous c.1837G＞A mutation in exon 15 of CHM was detected in the proband, which resulted in the substitution of serine by proline at codon 613 (p.D613N). Based on molecular modeling, the misfolded protein caused by the mutation might destabilize the structure of the helix that potentially could affect the global stability of the Rep-1 protein. Conclusions A novel c.1837G＞A (p.D613N) mutation may be the causative mutation for CHM in this family. Female CHM carriers may have some signs and symptoms.
The human hereditary retinal degeneration is one of the main cause of irreversible blindness in the world. the mechanisms leading to retinal photoreceptor degeneration are not entirely clear. However, microglia acting as innate immune monitors are found to be activated early in retinal degeneration in many retinitis pigmentosa animal models. These activated microglia are involved in phagocyte rod cell fragments of degenerated retina, and also produce high levels of cytotoxic substances such as pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which aggravate the death of adjacent healthy photoreceptor cells. It suggests that microglia activation plays an important role in photoreceptor degeneration. At the same time, a series of studies have confirmed that some drugs can prevent or reduce neuronal death and slow the occurrence and progression of retinal degeneration by interfering with abnormal activation of microglia. It is expected to be a new choice for the treatment of hereditary retinal degeneration.
Objective To observe the etiologies and vision outcomes of inpatients with no light perception (NLP). Methods A total of 367 inpatients (430 eyes) with NLP in Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center were enrolled in this study. The visual acuity examination followed the international standard methods. NLP was detected by torch light in a dark room and the pupil light reflection state was also considered. The patients included 208 males (235 eyes) and 159 females (195 eyes). Sixtythree patients (126 eyes) were bilateral and 304 patients (304 eyes) were unilateral cases including 159 right eyes and 145 left eyes. The patients' ages ranged from 2.5 to 86.0 years, with a mean age of (40.85plusmn;18.03) years. All the patients were treated according to their diseases. The ratio of different eye disease and visual outcome were recorded and analyzed. Results Among 430 eyes, there were 157 eyes (36.5%) with optic neuritis, 68 eyes (15.8%) with uveitis, 54 eyes (12.6%) with retinal vascular disease, 35 eyes (8.1%) with ischemic optic neuropathy, 29 eyes (6.7%) with traumatic optic neuropathy, 28 eyes (6.5%) with optic atrophy, 18 eyes (4.2%) with trauma, 17 eyes (4.0%) with radiation optic neuropathy, 10 eyes (23%) with glaucoma, five eyes (1.2%) with retinal detachment, four eyes (0.9%) with compressive optic neuropathy, two eyes (0.5%) with orbital apex syndrome, two eyes (0.5%) with hysteria, and one eye (0.2%) with orbital cellulitis. After active treatment, 269 eyes (62.6%) remained NLP, 161 eyes (37.4%) got improved visual acuity, including light perception- 0.02 in 74 eyes (17.2%), ge;0.02-＜0.05 in 25 eyes (5.8%), ge;0.05 -＜0.1 in 14 eyes (3.3%), ge;0.1 -＜0.3 in 11 eyes (2.6%) and ge;0.3 in 37 eyes (8.6%). Conclusions The main causes of nonsurgical and non-trauma NLP are retinal disease and optic neuropathy. Some patients with NLP may restore useful vision if they received prompt referral and active intervention.
Inherited retinal diseases (IRD) are a group of genetic disorders with high genetic and clinical heterogeneity. Patients with IRD may have their clinical diagnosis confirmed by genetic testing. Over the past 30 years, rapid advances in molecular genetics have raised the disease-causing gene variant detection rate and the accuracy of genetic testing, which provide hope to patients. The genetic diagnosis of patients with IRD is complicated due to the overlapping clinical phenotypes, and the fact that different variants lead to different phenotypes and severity even of the same gene. It is very important to overall evaluate the clinical phenotype of patients, precisely select genetic testing methods, and reasonably define disease-causing genes and variants during genetic diagnosis, which can guide the patient's subsequent treatment and provide genetic counseling.
Objective
To explore the ocular clinical features in patients with cranial venous sinus thrombosis (CVST).
Methods
The clinical data from 118 inpatients with CVST diagnosed by digital subtraction angiography (DSA).The patients included 53 males and 65 females with the sexual rate of1 :1.2. The initial onset age of the patients ranged from 15 to 67; 20-45 are the most common onset ages, and 30-40 reached the peak. The CVST patients were divided into 3 groups a c cording to the onset styles, including acute onset (within 2 days), subacute ons et (2 days to 1 month), and chronic onset (more than 1 month). The features of o cular and systemic manifestations was analyzed. A total of 58 out of 118 patient s with CVST were followed up for about 1 year after the diagnosis and treatment.
Results
Among the 118 patients with CVST, 25 (21.2%) had the ocular symptoms as the initial onset, 36 (305%) had ocular syndrome with other symptoms, and 57 (48.3%) had non ocular symptoms. There was no statistical significance among each group. The most common chief complains were the blurred and decreased vision (in 61 eyes, occupying 85.9% of all the chief complains). The most common symptom was papilloedema (in 57 eyes, accounting for 48.3% of all the patients with CVST). In 58 follow-up patients, 13 (22.4%) had serious visual decrease due to the optic atrophy. All the ocular manifestations related to the intracranial hyper tension caused by CVST.
Conclusions
In patients with CVST, 1/3 have ocular symptoms, and 1/5 have ocular symptoms as the initial manifestation. Visual decrease and papilloedema are the common symptoms in patients with CVST. We should especially advert to the patients with intracranial hypertension with unknown origins.
(Chin J Ocul Fundus,dis,2006,22:373-375)
Purpose
To investigate the blood dynamic feature of choroid in normal eyes.
Methods
Indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) was performed in each of fifty consecutive normal eyes. Results
The earliest fundus fluorescence emerged at the mean timiest fundus fluorescence emerged at the mean time of (14.25plusmn;3.59) seconds,it represented the beginning of filling of choroidal arteries located at the posterior pole.The irrigation of choroidal veins appeared at the mean time of (15.03plusmn;3.44) seconds.At the time threre was the overlapping imaging appearance of choroisal arteries and veins.The most hyperfluorescent areas appered at the mean time of(16.75plusmn;3.78) seconds with definite shapes located at the posterior pole,and this stood for the fluorescence stage of choroidal arteries,veins and capillaries.The fluorescence of choroidal vein began to weaken at 11prime;58Prime;15plusmn;2prime;39Prime;86,and revealed the imaging of late stage of choroidal veins.The latest stage of ICGA was at 22prime;13Prime;22plusmn;3prime;30Prime;55,and presented obscure fluorescence. Conclusion
The measurement results and fluorescent features of ICGA of normal eyes can offer consulted bases for the clinical diagnosis of the choroidal diseases.
(Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,1998,14:68-71)
ObjectiveTo explore the light response, retinal inflammation and apoptosis of the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) 1 year after the new type of channelrhodopsin PsCatCh2.0 was transfected into the retina of rd1 mice. MethodsTwenty-four male rd1 mice were randomly divided into rd1 experimental group and rd1 control group, 12 mice in each group. 1.5 μl of recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV)2/2-cytomegalovirus (CMV)-PsCatCh2.0-enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) was injected into the vitreous cavity 1 mm below the corneoscleral limbus of mice in the rd1 experimental group, and the same dose of recombinant virus was injected 2 weeks later at temporal side 1 mm below the corneoscleral limbus. One year after virus injection, the light response of RGCs expressing PsCatCh2.0 was recorded by patch clamp technique; the expression of PsCatCh2.0 in the retina was evaluated by immunofluorescence staining; the transfection efficiency of recombinant virus was evaluated by the transfection efficiency of virus and the number of RGCs. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was performed to measure the inner retinal thickness. Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression of nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65 in retina; real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the relative expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6 and Bax mRNA. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase kit was used to observe the apoptosis of retinal cells in each group of mice. ResultsOne year after the intravitreal injection of recombinant virus, PsCatCh2.0-expressing RGCs can still generate 30 pA photocurrent. The virus PsCatCh2.0-EGFP was mainly transfected into RGCs, and partly transfected into amacrine cells, almost no transfection was seen in bipolar and horizontal cells. There were no significant differences in the number of RGCs and thickness of the inner retina between the rd1 experimental group and the rd1 control group (F=14.35, 0.05; P＞0.05), while the rd1 experimental group NF-κB p65 protein expression, TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA quantification were significantly lower than those of rd1 control group (F=4.61, 5.91, 5.78; P＜0.05). The number of red fluorescent apoptotic cells in the retina of mice in the rd1 experimental group was less than that in the rd1 control group, and the Bax mRNA expression was lower than that in the rd1 control group, and the difference was statistically significant (F=7.52, P＜0.01). ConclusionOne year after intravitreal injection of recombinant virus, the PsCatCh2.0 expressing RGCs can still generate photocurrent. Long term transfection and expression of PsCatCh2.0 has no obvious cytotoxic effect on RGCs, nor it increases the inflammatory effect of the retina of rd1 mice with retinal degeneration.
Objective
To evaluate the diagnostic value of panoramic 200 scanning laser ophthalmoscope for retinal detachment.
Method
Images of ocular fundus of the patients with retinal detachment were obtained by panoramic 200 scanning laser ophthalmoscopy, which were compared with the results of binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy (BIO). The extent of the retinal detachment, the occurrence of retinal hole or not, and the proliferation were observed. Any discrepancies of the results of the two methods were then analyzed.
Results
In the images from 75 eyes of 71 patients with retinal detachments which were obtained by panoramic 200 scanning laser ophthalmoscopy, recurrent retinal detachments was found in 3 patients (3 eyes), single retinal detachment was in 13 patients (16 eyes) inc luding intercurrent retinal cyst in 1 patient (1 eye), intercurrent retinal hole was in 43 patients (43 eyes), and intercurrent pre-or sub-retinal proliferation was in 14 patients (15 eyes) (4 eyes having retinal hole simultaneously). The results of panoramic 200 scanning laser ophthalmoscopy and BIO were accordant in 53 patients (56 eyes) and inconsistent in 18 patients (19 eyes) due to the loss of peripheral small retinal holes by panoramic 200 scanning laser ophthalm oscopy. The results of the follow-up examination of 16 patients were accordant with the clinical records.
Conclusion
Panoramic 200 scanning laser ophthalmoscope has the advantages of non-mydriasis, speediness, and wide view field, and can save external records and provide high-resolution images; it is a valuable diagnosis method for retinal detachment.
(Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2006, 22: 317-320)
