This study aims to investigate the effects of curved and straight free edges on the hemodynamic performance and mechanical properties of polymeric heart valves. Two aortic valve models with different free-edge configurations were established, and valve motion throughout the entire cardiac cycle was simulated using a two-way fluid-structure interaction (FSI) method. Hemodynamic parameters and stress distribution characteristics were compared and analyzed. The results revealed that the curved free edge valve exhibited a significantly faster opening response than the straight free edge valve, with an approximately 13% increase in the effective orifice area (EOA) and an approximately 27% reduction in regurgitant volume. However, after valve closure, the curved free-edge model demonstrated higher stress levels across all critical regions. The free-edge configuration did not significantly alter the vortical structure within the aortic flow field; both models exhibited a flow pattern characterized by a combination of sinus vortices and wall-mounted spindle-shaped vortices. The findings indicate that a curved free edge can improve valve opening efficiency and regurgitation control, but may exacerbate stress concentration during closure, potentially increasing the risk of fatigue damage to the valve.
