ObjectiveTo preliminary investigate the association between systemic inflammatory biomarkers such as neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), and diabetic retinopathy (DR). MethodsA cross-sectional study. A total of 5 999 patients diagnosed with diabetes in the NHANES database during the survey periods from 1999 to 2018 were included in the study. They were divided into the DR group (1 331 cases) and the non-DR group (4 668 cases) based on the presence or absence of DR. Demographic and laboratory data (including complete blood count, blood glucose, and lipid profiles) were collected, and NLR, PLR, and SII were calculated. The survey weights were used to handle the complex sampling design. After adjusting for confounding factors such as C-reactive protein, a weighted multivariate logistic regression model was applied to analyze the association between the logarithmically transformed and quartile-categorized NLR, PLR, SII and DR, and the odds ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) was used to analyze the dose-response relationship, and subgroup analysis and interaction tests were conducted through Bonferroni correction. ResultsAfter multivariate adjustment, logistic regression analysis showed in the fully adjusted model with log transformation, neither SII (OR=1.160, 95%CI 0.756-1.780), NLR (OR=0.834, 95%CI 0.669-1.040), nor PLR (OR=1.360, 95%CI 0.859-2.154) showed statistically significant linear associations with DR (P＞0.05). RCS analysis indicated that SII showed no statistically significant overall association with DR (Poverall=0.062), but a non-linear relationship was observed (Pnon-linear=0.045). There was a significant non-linear dose-response relationship between PLR and DR (Poverall=0.011, Pnon-linear=0.009); and there was also a significant non-linear dose-response relationship between NLR and DR (Poverall=0.017, Pnon-linear=0.035). Subgroup analysis revealed that the absence of significant associations between SII, NLR, PLR and DR remained stable across different subgroups. ConclusionBased on a large sample cross-sectional study using the NHANES database, no independent linear association is found between PLR, NLR or SII and DR, and the results remain consistent across various subgroups.
ObjectiveTo observe the image characteristics of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in patients with primary vitreoretinal lymphoma (PVRL).MethodsA retrospective clinical study. Thirty-two eyes of 19 patients diagnosed with PVRL by vitreous pathology in the Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital from September 2016 to October 2019 were included in this study. There were 7 males and 12 females. The median age was 56 years. The mean time from symptom onset to final diagnosis was 6.1±3.8 months. The first diagnosis was uveitis in 12 cases (63.1%, 12/19), retinal vein occlusion in 2 cases (10.5%, 2/19), central retinal artery occlusion in 1 case (5.3%, 1/19), and suspected PVRL of camouflage syndrome in 4 cases (21.1%, 4/19). Routine ophthalmic examination and frequency-domain OCT examination were performed in all the patients, and typical images were stored for analysis. According to the examination results, PVRL OCT signs were divided into vitreous cells, inner retinal infiltration, outer retinal infiltration, retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) infiltration, sub-RPE infiltration, and subretinal fluid.ResultsVitreous cells were found in all eyes (100.0%, 32/32). RPE infiltrated were observed in 19 eyes (59.4%, 19/32), RPE infiltration in 16 eyes (50.0%, 16/32), outer retinal infiltration in 8 eyes (25.0%, 8/32), inner retinal infiltration in 16 eyes (50.0%, 16/32), and subretinal fluid in 4 eyes (12.5%, 4/32).ConclusionsPVRL OCT signs can involve vitreous and retinal anatomical levels, including vitreous cells, inner retinal infiltration, outer retinal infiltration, RPE infiltration, sub-RPE infiltration and subretinal fluid. The same patient can show multiple signs at the same time.
