With the deepening of research on cardiovascular diseases, left atrial remodeling (LAR) and left atrial reverse remodeling (LARR) have become important research hotspots, closely related to various adverse cardiovascular pathological changes. As a non-invasive and convenient diagnostic tool, echocardiography plays a crucial role in the diagnosis, treatment monitoring, and prognosis evaluation of LAR and LARR. This article reviews the research progress of echocardiography in evaluating LAR and LARR, involving transthoracic echocardiography, tissue Doppler imaging, two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography, and three-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography, and explores their advantages and limitations in clinical practice.
A 69-year-old male was presented with exercise intolerance and progressive exertional dyspnea for 3 months. His main clinical diagnosis were degenerative valvular disease, severe aortic stenosis, severe aortic regurgitation, severe mitral regurgitation, severe tricuspid regurgitation, ventricular electrical storm, chronic heart failure, and New York Heart Association (NYHA) class Ⅳ heart function. He was encountered with sudden ventricular electrical storm in the emergency room. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) was impanted beside during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Emergency transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) was successfully performed under the guidance of transesophageal echocardiography when hemodynamics permitted. ECMO was withdrawn on the 5th day and discharged on the 21st day. TAVR is safe and effective for the treatment of high-risk aortic stenosis, and ECMO support is the key for the success of cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
