To provide a reference for determining the hemodynamic environment of blood vessels and the nutrient supply of residual limbs, as well as for rehabilitation treatments aimed at reducing muscle atrophy after amputation, this study employed contrast-enhanced computed tomography technology to obtain angiographic images of the vascular system in residual limbs. A vascular model was established through three-dimensional reconstruction and mesh generation, followed by hemodynamic analysis using the finite element method. Based on the blood flow velocities in the femoral artery—0.09 m/s at rest, 0.23 m/s during exercise, and 0.32 m/s during steady-state exercise—the inlet velocities of the residual limb arteries were determined. Calculations yielded the inlet flow velocity, blood flow rate, and blood supply volume. As the inlet velocity increased, the mass flow rates in the superficial femoral artery and deep femoral artery showed the most significant increases, reaching 2.50E-3 kg/s and 2.67E-3 kg/s, respectively. In contrast, the blood flow in the lateral and medial femoral circumflex arteries did not exhibit significant changes. Increasing the inflow velocity did not significantly alter the minimal wall shear stress in the vessels. However, the maximum wall pressure in each vessel rose significantly with increased mass flow rate. Excessively high wall pressure may trigger atherosclerosis, particularly in higher-positioned vessels such as the superficial femoral artery. In addition, due to differences in blood supply, muscles experienced varying degrees of atrophy. Specific treatments for atherosclerosis should be considered during limb rehabilitation. Future research might explore combining rehabilitation training with other methods to promote localized muscle blood supply.
