Objective To investigate the influence of different mechanical ventilation modes on inflammatory reaction among COPD patients with severe respiratory failure. Methods A total of 102 COPD patients with severe respiratory failure, admitted in Zhongshan Hospital between January 20007 and June 2012, were enrolled in this study. The subjects were divided into an ASV group receiving adaptive support ventilation, and a SIMV + PSV group received synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation and pressure support ventilation, with 51 cases in each group. Breathing pattern, respiratory mechanics, hemodynamic parameters and seruminflammatory factors were examined among all patients. Results Tidal volume ( VT ) was significantly higher, and the control respiratory rate and ventilation time were significantly lower in the ASV group than those in the SIMV + PSV group ( P lt; 0.05) . Comparing with the SIMV + PSV group, obviously lower peak airway pressure ( Ppeak) ,mean airway pressure ( Pmean) and airway plateau pressure ( Pplat) were observed in the ASV group ( P lt; 0.05) . The patients in the ASV group had obviously lower levels of C-reactive protein, procalcitonin and α1 acid glycoprotein. Conclusion ASV ventilation mode may reduce the inflammatory reaction, facilitate spontaneously breathing and decrease mechanical ventilation time.
Objective To systematically review the efficacy of different exercises on inflammatory cytokines in individuals with overweight or obesity. Methods The CNKI, WanFang Data, VIP, PubMed, EBSCO, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Embase databases were electronically searched to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the efficacy of exercise on inflammatory cytokines in individuals with overweight or obesity from January, 2000 to April, 2021. Two reviewers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies. The network meta-analysis was then performed using Stata 16.0 software. Results A total of 63 RCTs were included, 49 of which reported the changes in IL-6, 47 of which reported the changes in TNF-α, and 16 of which reported the changes in IL-10. The results of the network meta-analysis found that compared with those in the control group, aerobic exercise (AE) (SMD=?0.9, 95%CI ?1.4 to ?0.5, P<0.01) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) (SMD=?1.3, 95%CI ?2.3 to ?0.3, P=0.011) significantly reduced IL-6. AE (SMD=?1.3, 95%CI ?1.7 to ?0.9, P<0.01), combined exercise (COM) (SMD=?0.7, 95%CI ?1.3 to ?0.1, P=0.02), and HIIT (SMD=?1.8, 95%CI ?2.6 to ?0.9, P<0.01) significantly reduced TNF-α; AE (SMD=0.8, 95%CI 0.1 to 1.5, P=0.03) significantly increased IL-10. The cumulative probability ranking results showed that HIIT was the most effective in reducing IL-6 and TNF-α and increasing IL-10, followed by AE and COM, and resistance training (RT) was the least effective. Conclusion Different exercise types have different effects on improving inflammation in individuals with overweight or obesity. HIIT can be suggested as the best exercise program to improve chronic inflammation in individuals with overweight or obesity. Due to the limited quantity and quality of the included studies, more high-quality studies are needed to verify the above conclusion.
ObjectiveTo explore the relationship of the level of inflammation and nutritional status with the occurrence and prognosis of refractory diabetic foot.MethodsA total of 70 patients with refractory diabetic foot between August 2015 and August 2017 were randomly selected as the observation group. Another 70 patients with diabetes mellitus (without foot ulcer) who visited the hospital in the same period were set as the control group. The observation group was subgrouped into the non-amputation group and the amputation group according to the follow-up endpoint events, and into the grade Ⅲ, Ⅳ, and Ⅴ groups according to Wagner classification method. The blood levels of inflammatory markers and nutritional markers between groups were compared.ResultsIn the observation group, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), fibrinogen (FIB), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-18, lipoprotein phospholipase A2 (LP-PLA2), C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were significantly higher than those in the control group, and albumin (ALB), prealbumin (PA), and transferrin (TRF) levels were significantly lower than those in the control group, with statistically significant differences (P<0.01). The blood levels of FGF2, FIB, IL-6, IL-18, LP-PLA2, and CRP in the amputation group were significantly higher than those in the non-amputation group, and the levels of TRF, ALB, and PA were significantly lower than those in the non-amputation group (P<0.01). There were statistically significant differences in the levels of FGF2, FIB, IL-6, IL-18, LP-PLA2, CRP, TRF, ALB, and PA in patients with diabetic foot with different Wagner grades (P<0.05). The result of multiple logistic regression analysis showed that IL-6 [odds ratio (OR)=1.487, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.023, 2.120), P<0.001], IL-18 [OR=1.274, 95%CI (1.052, 1.665), P<0.001], LP-PLA2 [OR=1.478, 95%CI (1.126, 1.789), P<0.001], and CRP [OR=2.085, 95%CI (1.574, 2.782), P<0.001] were independent risk factors for the occurrence of refractory diabetic foot, and TRF [OR=0.645, 95%CI (0.002, 0.898), P<0.001], ALB [OR=0.838, 95%CI (0.429, 0.923), P<0.001], and PA [OR=0.478, 95%CI (0.201, 0.984), P<0.001] were independent protective factors for the occurrence of refractory diabetic foot.ConclusionIn the clinical treatment of diabetic foot, we should pay attention to the monitoring of the level of inflammatory factors and nutritional status, and it is necessary to timely carry out anti-inflammatory treatment and appropriate nutritional support treatment.
ObjectiveTo observe the effects of levocarnitine by intravenous injection on nutritional and microinflammatory state in maintenance hemodialysis patients.
MethodsBetween October 2010 and October 2011, 62 maintenance hemodialysis (>6 months) patients in our dialysis center were enrolled in this study, and were randomly divided into treatment group (n=32) and control group (n=30). Patients in the treatment group were injected with levocarnitine (1.0 g once) after every dialysis for 3 months, while patients in the control group only accepted routine hemodialysis therapy. Blood biochemical indicators, serum high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were measured and compared at the experiment onset and 3 months later.
ResultsAfter treatment with levocarnitine for three months, the average serum levels of albumin (Alb), hemoglobin (Hb), triacylglycerol (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and hs-CRP, and the conditions of dialysis hypotension, muscular spasm, lacking in strength, and anorexia were significantly different between the two groups (P<0.05). But there was no significant difference in total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) between the two groups (P>0.05). For the control group, after treatment, Alb, Hb and condition of anorexia changed significantly (P<0.05), while TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C, hs-CRP, conditions of dialysis hypotension, muscular spasm and lacking of strength did not change (P>0.05); for the treatment group, after treatment, all Alb, Hb, TG, HDL-C, hs-CRP, conditions of dialysis hypotension, muscular spasm, lacking of strength and anorexia changed significantly (P<0.05), while TC and LDL-C did not change obviously (P>0.05).
ConclusionLevocarnitine can significantly improve the nutritional and microinflammatory state and better the quality of life in maintenance hemodialysis patients.
【Abstract】ObjectiveBy using multidetectorrow spiral CT (MDCT), to investigate the CT imaging features of inflammatory diseases in retroperitoneal space with correlation of radiological anatomy.MethodsThe clinical and laboratory dada of 30 patients with proven inflammatory diseases of retroperitoneal space were collected. All patients underwent MDCT plain scanning and portal venous acquisition. CT imaging data generated at portal venous phase were processed with coronal, sagittal and oblique multiplanar reformation (MPR) technique.ResultsAcute pancreatitis and various types of renal infection were the two main sources of retroperitoneal inflammation. Depending on the specific anatomic locations, retroperitoneal inflammation of different subspaces demonstrated characteristic imaging features. Spreading of inflammatory process across subspaces was also quite common.ConclusionMDCT is the imaging method of choice to depict comprehensively and clearly the inflammatory diseases of various retroperitoneal spaces.
Objective To investigate the clinical significance of low dose corticosteroid applied in early period after lung volume reduction surgery（LVRS）. Methods From Apr. 2001 to Mar. 2004, 27 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were undergone video-assisted unilateral LVRS assisted with mini-incision in our department were retrospectively reviewed. According to whether dispensed with postoperative corticosteroid or not, patients were divided into corticosteroid group and non-corticosteroid group. Corticosteroid group received dexamethasone 10mg iv tid for 3 days and then declined to prednisone 5mg qd for 7 days. Both groups were measured and compared the quantity of thoracic drainage flow, duration of chest tube drainage, the time of air leaks and fever, and so on. At same time, blood gas analysis and blood routine test were performed at 1, 3, 7 and 30 d after operation. Results Corticosteroid and non-corticosteroid groups had no statistically differences in the air leaks time （P 〉 0.05）, but the quantity of thoracic drainage flow of corticosteroid group was lower than that of non-corticosteroid group evidently （700±210ml vs. 950±150ml, P = 0.001）. There was significant difference in average duration of chest tube drainage between both groups （9±3 d vs. 12±2 d, P = 0. 05）. Compared with non-corticosteroidgroup, PaO2 of corticosteroid group was higher at 1, 3d after operation （P〈0.05）. The amount of blood leukocyte of corticosteroid group was lower than that of non-corticosteroid group at 3, 7d after operation, there was no statistically significant in two groups （P 〉 0. 05）. At early period after surgery, both groups had no significant infection and death patient. Conclusion The low dose corticosteroid applied in early period after LVRS for short time（10 days in this research） could shorten the duration of chest tube drainage, decrease the quantity of thoracic drainage flow and the extent of inflammation in pleural cavity. In the mean time, this treatment does not increase the occurrence of significant complications during the early postoperative period, and there is no negative influence to the blood gas analysis.
Objective
To investigate the effects of glutathione S-transferase M5 (GSTM5) on the inflammation in human bronchial epithelial 16HBE cells and its possible molecular mechanisms.
Methods
Acute lung injury cell model was constructed with 16HBE cells induced by tumour necrosis factorα (TNF-α, 10 ng/mL). The cells were devided into a control group, a TNF-α group (TNF-α), a GSTM5 group (GSTM5+TNF-α), a negative control group (negative control plasmid+TNF-α). GSTM5-GFP plasmid and negative control plasmid were respectively transfected to the cells of the GSTM5 group and the negative control group using Lipofectamine2000. The contents of interleukin-6(IL-6), IL-8, IL-10 in the cell supernatant were measured by ELISA.The expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) mRNA was detected by RT-PCR, and the expression of NF-κB, phospho-NF-κB, p38, phospho-p38 protein were detected by Western blot.
Results
The GSTM5-GFP eukaryotic expression vector was successfully constructed and transfected successfully confirmed by fluorescence microscope. The contents of IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 in the TNF-α-induced cell supernatant were significantly higher than those in the control group(P < 0.05), and the contents of IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 in the GSTM5 group were lower than those in the TNF-α group (P < 0.05)with statistically significant difference. At the same time, the total NF-κB mRNA, phospho -NF-κB and phospho-p38 protein were increased in TNF-α stimulated cells compared with the control group (P < 0.05), while the GSTM5 group was lower than that in the TNF-α group and the negative control group (P < 0.05).
Conclusion
Overexpression of GSTM5 inhibits the phosphorylation of p38MAPK and NF-κB and down-regulates the inflammation of TNF-α-induced human bronchial epithelial 16HBE cells.
Epilepsy is a disorder of the brain in which sudden abnormal discharges of neurons cause transient dysfunction and is a common disorder of the nervous system. Although most patients experience remission of symptoms with medication, about 20 ~ 30% of patients still have poor outcomes with medication and progress to refractory epilepsy. The etiology of epilepsy is complex and the exact pathogenesis is not yet clear. Current research has explored the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying epileptogenesis, thus providing a basis for identifying potential therapeutic targets for epilepsy and advancing the precision treatment of epilepsy. p38 Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway is a conserved class of kinases involved in many physiological/pathological processes by regulating intracellular gene expression levels, cell division, differentiation and apoptosis in response to various extracellular stimuli in order to mediate intracellular signalling cascades. The p38 MAPK signalling pathway is one of the subfamilies of MAPK that mediates inflammatory responses, apoptosis, tissue edema and other biological processes involved in the development of central nervous system diseases. The p38 MAPK signalling pathway is now reviewed for its involvement in the development of epilepsy through unused pathways, in order to identify new potential targets for epilepsy treatment and provide clinical precision.
ObjectiveTo establish a cell inflammation model induced by tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in human bronchus epithelial cells, and investigate the effects of glutathione S-transferase mu 5 (GSTM5) on the inflammation and oxidative stress.
Methods16HBE cells were treated with TNF-α (10 ng/mL, 24 h) in the absence or presence of the constructed GSTM5 eukaryotic expression vector (1 μg/mL). The concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidation capacity (T-AOC) were detected by colorimetric method. The survival rate of cells was assessed by the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. The transcription level of NADPH oxidase-1 (NOX1), NOX2, NOX3, NOX4, NOX5, dual oxidase-1 (DUOX1) and DUOX2 were evaluated by RT-PCR. Western blot was performed to investigate the protein levels of NOX1 and NOX2.
ResultsTNF-α simulation significantly increased the level of MDA in cells, and decreased the level of T-AOC and survival rate of 16HBE. When transfected with the GSTM5 eukaryotic expression vector, the concentration of MDA significantly decreased (P < 0.05), and the activation of T-AOC increased dramatically (P < 0.05). Consequently, the survival rate of 16HBE in the GSTM5 group improved (P < 0.05). The 16HBE cells transfected with the constructed GSTM5 eukaryotic expression vector had a lower transcription and protein levels of NOX1 and NOX2 (all P < 0.01). There were no significant changes in the mRNA expressions of NOX3, NOX4, NOX5, DUOX1 or DUOX2.
ConclusionGSTM5 may down-regulate the transcription level of NOX1 and NOX2 to reduce the inflammation and oxidative stress induced by TNF-α.
ObjectiveTo observe the protective effect of Zhicao Tea Mixture on Müller cells and the expression of inflammatory factors in mice with diabetic retinopathy.MethodsSeventy-five C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into the normal control group, diabetes mellitus (DM) group, low concentrations group, medium concentrations group and high concentrations group, with 16 mice in each group. The diabetes model of mice in all groups except the normal control group were established by intraperitoneal injection of STZ (60 mg/kg). Four weeks after the successful modeling, the Zhicao Tea Mixture with low (30 ml/kg), medium (60 ml/kg) and high concentrations (120 ml/kg) were respectively administered by gavage. Weight and blood glucose of mice in each group were measured every two weeks. After 8 weeks, Western blot method was used to detect the mice retina Müller cells activation marker gelatinous fibrous acidic protein (GFAP). Immunofluorescence was performed to detect the expression GFAP and glutamine synthetase (GS). Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and ELISA were used to determine the mRNA and protein expression levels of mouse retinal VEGF, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 respectively.ResultsThe weight of mice in the DM group was lower than that of the normal control group, and the blood glucose was increased. Zhicao Tea Mixture had no effect on the weight of DM mice, but had a significant hypoglycemic effect. The GFAP expression (t=38.318, P＜0.001) in the retina of mice in the DM group was increased and GS expression (t=29.737, P＜0.001) was decreased compared with the control group. The GFAP expression (t=13.677, 19.387, 16.305; P＜0.05) in the retina of mice in the low, medium and high concentrations group were decreased and GS expression (t=5.170, 19.399, 6.705; P＜0.05) were increased compared with the DM group. The expressions of retinal inflammatory factors VEGF, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in DM group all increased, while the expressions of the above-mentioned inflammatory factors in the retina of mice decreased in the low, medium and high concentrations group.ConclusionZhicao Tea Mixture can decrease the blood glucose of DM mice and reduces the diabetic retinal inflammatory response.
