Objective To analyze the application research of prehabilitation in patients with lumbar degenerative spine surgery, and to review the intervention content, outcome index, and applied effect of prehabilitation of lumbar spine surgery patients, to provide references for the future clinical development of related research. Methods Guided by the methodology of scope review, systematic searches were conducted on China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, VIP, China Biomedical Literature Database, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases from the establishment of the database to June 2024, and the included literature was screened, refined and summarized. Results A total of 21 papers were included, including 15 randomized controlled trials, 5 quasi-experimental studies, and 1 retrospective study. The main components of prehabilitation included exercise, preoperative psychological support, nutritional interventions, and multiform health education; and the main outcome indicators included pain, assessment of low back function, sleep quality, anxiety and depression, and healthy quality of life.Conclusion Preoperative prehabilitation has a positive effect on patients undergoing surgery for lumbar degenerative disease, and the existing studies are heterogeneous in terms of content and outcome indicators, and the follow-up should continue to construct a more scientific and multimodal intervention program and carry out large-scale high-quality studies.
